2014年高考英语语法复习高分巧突破第1部分动词和动词短语.doc

动词和动词短语动词词义辨析1(2013新课标全国卷)The watch was very good, and he _ 20 percent down for it.Apaid BcostCbought Dspent解析：选A考查动词辨析。句意：那块表很不错，他以20%的折扣价买下了它。A项表示“支付”，后跟具体的钱数，与for搭配，故选A。B项的主语一般是物；C项后面一般用“商品”作宾语，可排除；D项与后面的介词不搭配，其后应用介词on。2(2013福建高考)Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which _ spending quite a lot of time with students.Aenjoys BinvolvesCpractices Dsuggests解析：选B考查动词辨析。句意：米歇尔找到了一份高中教师的工作，(这份工作)需要和学生待在一起的时间比较长。involve“包含，需要”，符合句意。enjoy“喜欢”；practice“练习”；suggest“建议”。3(2013湖北高考)According to the law, all foreigners have to _ with the local police within two weeks of arrival.Aassociate BdisputeCnegotiate Dregister解析：选D考查动词辨析。句意：按照该法律，所有的外国人在到来的两周内必须在当地警方登记。这里说的是在警方登记，故用register，表示“登记，注册”。associate“使联合，联想”；dispute“争论”；negotiate“协商，谈判”。4(2013江苏高考)The town is so beautiful! I just love it.Me too.The character of the town is well _.Aqualified BpreservedCdecorated Dsimplified解析：选B考查动词辨析。根据题意可知，这个城镇的特色保留得很好，因此选preserved表示“保存，保护”。qualify“使合格，使具备资格”；decorate“装饰”；simplify“使简化”。动词词义辨析一直都是高考考查的重点，这类题绝大多数情况下所给的四个选项的含义各不相同，没有关联性，此时考查的是对题干和语境的理解。偶尔也考查近义词的辨析。近三年考查到的还有：sacrifice (牺牲); substitute (代替); simplify (简化); surviveconclude; lead; avoid (避免); holdpersuade(说服); promise; invite; supportopen; narrow; widen; leavemake; turn; take; havediffer; shrink (收缩); fail; decline (下降)sponsor (赞助); launch (发射); organize; plantell; remind (提醒); warn; advise动词的一词多义和熟词新义(2013新课标全国卷)Try not to cough more than you can _ since it may cause problems to your lungs.Acheck BallowCstop Dhelp解析：选D考查动词辨析。句意：尽量不要过多咳嗽，因为咳嗽过多可能引发你的肺部问题。not more than one can help意为“能少尽量少”，符合句意。动词的一词多义或熟词新义是考查的难点，例如上文提到的help，大家都熟悉的意思为“帮助”，但高考考查的是“忍住”。动词的熟词新义请参见本书附录。1(2013新课标全国卷)At the last moment, Tom decided to _ a new character to make the story seem more likely.Aput up Bput inCput on Dput off解析：选B考查动词短语辨析。句意：在最后的时刻，汤姆决定添加一个新人物，以使故事显得更真实。put up“建造”；put in“添上”；put on“穿上”；put off“推迟”。根据句意可知，应选B项。2(2013新课标全国卷)Would you like to _ with us to the film tonight?Acome along Bcome offCcome across Dcome through解析：选A考查动词短语辨析。根据句意“你今晚愿意和我们一起去看电影吗？”可知，此处意为“跟随”。come along“跟着来，跟随”，符合句意。come off“举行，发生，成功”；come across“偶然遇见”；come through“(重病后)康复”。3(2013湖北高考)In much of the animal world, night is the time _ for sleep pure and simple.Aset aside Bset downCset off Dset up解析：选A考查动词短语辨析。句意：在很多动物世界里，夜晚完全是用来睡觉的时间。pure and simple“完全是，不折不扣是”。set aside“留出，拨出(时间等)”，符合句意。set down“写下”；set off“出发，引起”；set up“建立”。4(2013江苏高考)Team leaders must ensure that all members _ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.Aget over Blook overCtake over Dcome over解析：选A考查动词短语辨析。句意：团队领导必须确保所有的成员克服他们自然想要避免因犯错而带来的尴尬。get over“克服”，符合句意。look over“检查”；take over“接管”；come over“顺便来访”。动词短语的辨析是动词考查的重中之重，甚至有些形式上单个动词的辨析也是考查所构成短语的辨析。总的来说，动词短语的辨析可分为三种：一是以动词为主体词的辨析；二是以副词或介词为主体词的辨析；三是无关联的动词短语的辨析。下面就常见的动词短语做如下总结：一、以动词为主体词的短语1breakbreak away from 脱离break down 坏掉；分解；垮下来break out 爆发break in 打断；闯入break into 闯入break through 突破break up 打碎；分解；分手Oldfashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters.(2013福建高考)无线网络在灾难中瘫痪的时候，老式电话起到重要作用。2bringbring about 引起，导致bring down 使降低，使下降bring in 引进；赚进bring up 抚养；养育；呕吐bring out 取出；出版；生产；阐明Born into a family with three brothers, David was brought up to value the sense of sharing.(2011福建高考)因为大卫出生于有三兄弟的家庭，因此养成了分享意识。3comecome along 跟随come out 出现；出版；结果是come about 发生come across 偶遇 come to 共计come up 出现；被提出come up with 提出She came across an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.(2011天津高考)昨天她在百货商店购物时遇到了一位老朋友。4cutcut in 插嘴cut off 切断cut up 切碎cut down 砍倒，削减My uncle hasnt been able to quit smoking, but at least he has cut down.(2013陕西高考)我叔叔一直没能戒烟，但至少减少了吸烟的量。5getget away 外出度假get in 收割get into 进入；养成get through 完成；通过；解决；接通电话get over 克服get across 被理解；使通过get off 下车/船/马/飞机等get down to 着手做get up 起床；起身Jenny was looking for a seat when, luckily, a man got up and left.(2010四川高考)珍妮正在找座位，幸运的是，这时一个人起身离开了。6gogo against 违背go over 预习；复习go out 外出；熄灭go without 没有也行；没有也可以勉强对付To get a better grade, you should go over the notes again before the test.(2011四川高考)要想取得更好的成绩，你应该在考试前再复习一下笔记。7. looklook through 浏览；透过看look into 调查look up 向上看；查找look up to 尊敬；敬仰look round/around 环顾I often look up the words I dont know in the dictionary or on the Internet.(2011四川高考)我经常在词典或网上查阅不认识的单词。8. makemake out 辨认出make up 组成；编造make up with 弥补make the best of 充分利用The school isnt the one I really wanted to go to, but I suppose Ill just have to make the best of it.(2011浙江高考)这所学校并不是我真正想去的学校，但既然来了，我还是想充分利用它。9. putput in 放进，写进put away 收起，储存put out 扑灭；出版；生产put down 写下，镇压put off 推迟put on 穿上；上演put up 张贴；举起；建造put forward 提出Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can put down almost every word her teacher says.(2012全国卷)玛丽确实很擅长课堂上做笔记，她几乎能把老师讲的每一个单词都记下来。10setset aside 拨出；置于一旁set up 建立；竖立set out 着手(做)；出发set about 着手(做)set off 出发，引爆Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their life journey.(2013安徽高考)传统上，大学生在开始他们的人生旅途之前会举行毕业典礼来鼓励自己。 11taketake up 开始从事；占据；拿起take apart 拆卸take in 欺骗，吸收take off 起飞；腾飞；脱掉take on 呈现；雇用take over 接管Rod loves taking apart clocks. However, he never manages to put them together again.(2012辽宁高考)罗德喜欢拆卸钟表，可是他从未能再组装上过。12turnturn out 结果证明turn to 求助于；转向turn in 上交turn down 拒绝，把音量开小turn on 打开turn off 关掉turn up 出现；把音量开高turn over 翻开You look upset. Whats the matter?I had my proposal turned down again.(2011江苏高考)你看上去不高兴，怎么了？我的建议又被拒绝了。二、以副词或介词为主体词的短语13outwear out 穿烂；用坏work out 解出；进展顺利let out 放出；发出；泄露leave out 遗漏figure out 弄清burst out 爆发rule out 排除point out 指出carry out 贯彻You cant predict everything. Often things dont work out as you expect.(2011江西高考)你不可能预知一切，往往事情并不如你所愿。14upbuild up 增强keep up 保持；鼓起speed up 加速pick up 拾起；收听/看；用车接送/装运；无意学会send up 发射use up 用完hang up 挂断end up 结束split up 分裂；分手stay up 熬夜Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to keep up his courage.(2012湖北高考)这个男孩独自在黑暗中走着，吹着口哨为自己鼓气。Its surprising that your brother picked up Russian so quickly he hasnt lived there very long.(2012四川高考)你弟弟学会俄语那么快真令人惊讶他并没在那里住多长时间。15offpay off 还清；回报show off 炫耀give off 放出The athletes years of hard training paid off when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.(2012安徽高考)当这名运动员最后获得奥运金牌时，她多年的刻苦训练得到了回报。三、无关联的动词短语see to 处理；解决fight for 为而战agree with 同意；适合do without 没有也勉强对付fit in 适合live up to 达到；不辜负run away from 逃走；避开Im so glad youve come here to see to this matter in person.(2012湖北高考)我很高兴你亲自来这里处理此事。You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must agree with you, I suppose.(2010陕西高考)你气色很好，我想三亚的空气和海鲜肯定适合你。1(2013济南市一模)I will have to think about it again.If you _， you may lose the opportunity to compete altogether.Ahesitate BwonderCcontinue Dfail解析：选A句意：“我必须再次好好考虑一下。”“如果你犹豫不决，你可能会失去这个比赛的好机会。”hesitate“犹豫；迟疑”；wonder“想知道”；continue“继续”；fail“失败”。2(2013杭州外国语高中模拟)It has been reported that some government leaders _ their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.Aoverlook BemployCabandon Dabuse解析：选D句意：据报道，一些政府官员滥用职权非法为自己谋取利益。overlook“俯瞰”；employ“雇用”；abandon“遗弃；抛弃”；abuse“滥用；辱骂”。3(2013山东日照高三检测)Look before you leap! Why not _ the advantages against the risks before you start?Aweigh BmatchCdefend Dfight解析：选A考查动词词义辨析。句意：三思而后行，为何不在开始以前权衡一下利弊呢？weigh此处意为“权衡，认真考虑”之意。4(2013山东实验中学高三二模)Whats the matter with John? He has been sitting there for hours.A postcard from his father _ an attack of homesickness in him.Atook up Bset offCbrought in Dbuilt up解析：选B句意：“约翰怎么了？他一直在那儿坐了好几个小时了。”“父亲寄来的明信片使他想家。”take up“拿起；占据；从事”；set off“出发；引起；使爆炸”；bring in“带来；引进”；build up“逐渐建立”。5(2013无锡市高三二模)All her hard work _ in the end, and she finally passed the exam.Apaid back Bpaid offCbrought out Dbrought off解析：选B句意：所有的努力最终得到了回报，她通过了考试。pay back“归还”；pay off“还清；有回报”；bring out“拿出”；brin