音标(含汉语读音).doc

国际音标（英语语音）元音单元音前元音i:ie中元音:后元音u:u:a:双元音开合双元音eiaiiuau集中双元音iu辅音爆破音清辅音ptk浊辅音bdg摩擦音清辅音fsh浊辅音vz破擦音清辅音ttrts浊辅音ddrdz鼻音（浊辅音）mn舌则音（浊辅音）lr半元音（浊辅音）wj*清音，即全体清辅音；浊音，即全体元音和全体辅音*又叫长鼻音或者后鼻音元音汉语注音（仅供参考）d的i:衣k克i衣g各e碍嘴张小点f父哎嘴张大点v午）阿s丝:鹅z子鹅西u:唔衣u唔嘶舌抵上齿:哦嗞舌抵上齿哦h喝a:啊t吃ei字母A的音d知ai字母I的音tr戳i单词boy的尾音dr捉u字母O的音ts次au傲单词cow的尾音dz字i衣饿单词ear的音m姆哎饿 单词air的音n呢u乌饿单词sure的尾音嗯类似牛叫辅音汉语注音（仅供参考）l勒（元音前）；尔（词尾）p活泼（无）r略（元音前）b搏斗（无）w生活（无）t特j叶子（无）/i:/ bee/bi:/ feet/fi:t/ keep/ki:p/ key/ki:/ team/ti:m/ meet/mi:t/ /i/ it /it/ big/big/ city/siti/ give/giv/ sick/sik/e/ get/get/ best/best/ text/tekst/ help/help/ fat/ft/ have/hv/ cat/kt/ back/bk/ hat/ht/a:/ laugh/la:f/ glass/gla:s/ half/ha:f/ farm/fa:m/ park/pa:k/ :/ horse/h: s/ saw/s:/ corn/k:n/ course/k:s/ salt/s:t/ / dog/dg/ pot/pt/ cost/kst/ what/wt/ honest/nist/u:/ food/fu:d/ moon/mu:n/ rule/ru:l/ loose/lu:s/ noon/nu:n/u/ book/buk/ put/put/ good/gud/ would/wud/ could/kud/ / must/mst/ does/dz/ money/mni/ ugly/gli/ come/km/ /:/ nurse/n:s/ bird/b:d/ burn/b:n/ turn/t:n/ girl/g:l/ / better/bet/ never/nev/ worker/w:k/ welcome/welkm/ei/ may/mei/ name/neim/ game/geim/ eight/eit/ age/eid/u/ no/nu/ home/hum/ hope/hup/ wrote/rut/ note/nut/ pose/puz/ai/ eye/ai/ time/taim/ buy/bai/ right/rait/ bike/baik/ kite/kait/au/ now/nau/ out/aut/ how/hau/ about/ baut/ south/sau/ house/haus/i/ boy/bi/ toy/ti/ noise/niz/ voice/vis/ point/pint/ /i/ ear/i/ near/ni/ idea/aidi/ hear/hi/ mere/mi/ spear/spi/ / air/ tear/t/ care/k/ dare/d/ fair/f/ there/ /u/ tour/tu/ poor/pu/ sure/u/ moor/mu/(停泊) your/ju/ /p/ pea/pi:/ pie/pai/ top/tp/ cap/kp/ people/pi:pl/ pride/praid/b/ bee/bi:/ by/bai/ buy/bai/ black/blk/ bear/b/t/ let/let/ sat/st/ feet/fi:t/ team/ti:m/ tide/taid/d/ led/led/ sad/sd/ feed/fi:d/ do/du:/ dear/di/k/ lack/lk/ take/teik/ clock/klk/ class/kla:s/ weekend/wi:kend/g/ big/big/ lag/lg/ glass/gla:s/ gum/gm/ good/gud/ guest/gest/f/ face/feis/ fast/fa:st/ leaf/li:f/ surf/s:f/ favorite/feivrit/v/ very/veri/ five/faiv/ fever/fi:v/ serve/s:v/ never/nev/ bath/ba:/(v洗澡) thick/ik/ mouth/mau/ breath/bre/(n呼吸) / the/ / they/ei/ that/t/ mother/m/ thus/ s/ then/en/s/ face/feis/ mouse/maus/ cakes/keiks/ caps/kps/ likes/laiks/ /z/ close/kluz/ keys/ki:z/ boys/biz/ pens/penz/ halves/ha:vz/ /t/ catch/kt/ cheep/ti:p/ rich/rit/ watch/wt/ child/taild/ /d/ orange/rid/ large/la:d/ juice/du:s/ job/db/ /tr/ tree/tri:/ try/trai/ true/tru:/ trouble/traubl/ track/trk/dr/ dry/drai/ dream/dri:m/ dress/dres/ drink/drik/ hundred/hndrid/ she/i:/ sharp/a:p/ fish/fi/ shock/k/ shoe/u:/ pleasure/ple/ measure/me/ television/telivin/ts/ lets/lets/ sports/sp:ts/ puts/puts/ writes/raits/ seats/si:ts/ /dz/ hands/hndz/ birds/b:dz/ friends/freindz/ beds/bedz/ /h/ he/ hi:/ hard/ha:d/ him/him/ heard/h:d/ half/ha:f/l/ like/laik/ late/leit/ learn/l:n/ lead/li:d/ light/lait/m/ my/mai/ more/m:/ seem/si:m/ meat/mi:t/ mind/maind/ men/men/n/ nice/nais/ wind/waind/ mind/maind/ rain/rein/ fine/fain/ sing/si/ wing/wi/ ring/ri/ long/l/ beautiful/bju:tfl/j/ you/ju:/ few/fju:/ yard/ja:d/ music/mju:zik/ student/stju:dnt/ /w/ work/w:k/ way/wei/ well/wel/ what/wt/ twelve/twelv/ twin/twin/ /r/ red/red/ road/rud/ write/rait/ wrong/r/ problem/prblm/ 附：常见的字母与字母组合发音规则元音字母及元音字母组合拼读规则元音字母的发音元音字母a重读开音节 ei paper ; late ; make ; lake ; face重读闭音节 bag ; fat ; cat ; ladder ; mass（*例外：any一些e ;many许多e）非重读音节 或i 即： ago ; along ; among ; above ; aloud i comrade ; village ; manager ； palace ; private ；necklace*连续相同的辅音（字母），一般只发一个音，而且归属后一个音节段。如上的ladder,village .4.在字母w或wh后面 ，发 was ; wash ; what ; want ; (*例外：water水:)5.a在诸如-ance;-ask;-ass;-ast;-ath组合里,重读时均发a: 即：dance ;France ; chance ask ;mask ;task ;basket class ;grass ;glass ;pass ;（*例外：mass） fast ;cast ;past ;last ;master ; father ;path ;bath ;(*例外：maths)(二)元音字母e1.重读开音节 i: me ;he ;she ;these ;evening2.重读闭音节 e hen ;get ; set ;tell ; echo3.非重读音节 i useless ;ticket ;basket ;pocket ;before ;below ;（三）元音字母i或y1.重读开音节 ai China ; try ; my ; hi ; time ; guide ;2.重读闭音节 i sit ; hit ; ill ; little ; system ;3.非重读音节 i unit ;study(四)元音字母o1.重读开音节 u no ; so ; go ; home ; photo ;2.重读闭音节 not ; hot ; box ; fox ; cock ; cost ;3.非重读音节 purpose ; concern4.o在字母m,n,v或th之前，均发 son ; month ; come ; ton ; (*例外：Tom) love ; dove ; glove ; above ; another mother ; brother ; become ; some 5.两个单词：womanwu-mn女人（单数） ; womenwi-min女人（复数）（五）元音字母u1.重读开音节 ju: pupil ; student ; use ; cube2.重读闭音节 或u 即：cut ; luck ; umbrella ; us uput ; full ; pull非重读音节 autumn ;August ; support元音字母组合的拼读规则（一）元音字母a的字母组合1.ai或ay在重读音节中 ei rain ; train ; brain ; pain day ; may ; play ; stay ; lay *ay在非重读音里i或ei Sunday ; Monday ; Tuesday ; Thursday ; Friday 2.al+绝大多数辅音字母 : small ; wall ; call ; talk ; walk ；chalk 或: l also ; always *al后面是k时，只发:al+f或m时，al发a: half ; calm -al在词尾非重读（）l medal ; metal ; (例外canal运河，重音在后l) 3.-ance在重读时a: ns chance ; dance ; France 在非重读时ns importance ；performance ；ambulance 4.-ant非重读nt assistant ; important ；peasant 5.-ange一般eind change ; danger ; strange ;(*但orange ind) 6.-age 一般id village ; carriage ; marriage 7.-ask一般重读时a: sk ask ; mask ; task ;basket 8.-ass一般重读时a: s class ; glass ; grass ; pass ; (*但mass) 9.-ast一般重读时a: st last ; past ; fast ; cast -aste一般eist waste ; paste ; taste 10.-ath一般a: bath ; path ; (*但maths)或a: father ; rather ; (*但gather) 11.-au一般: cause ; autumn ;August ; (*但because) -augh(t) : (t) caught ; taught ; daughter (*例外：laughl a: f) 12.-aw : draw ; saw ; law ; awful 13.a在字母w或wh后面，a发 was ; wash ; want ; what ; (*但water:) 14.-ar 重读音时a: party ; car ; farm ; army ; yard ; hard ; star 在字母w或音w后面时 : war ; warm ; warn ;towards ; *quarter 在非重读音时- beggar ; dollar ; solar 15.-are一般- hare ; bare ; dare ; stare ; rare ; care ; parent 16.-air一般- chair ; fair ; hair ; pair ; stair ; repair 17.-able 一般eibl able ; cable ; table ; stable (二)元音字母e的组合 1.-ea重读音节有四个音，分别是下列： -eai: team ; meat ; lead ; teach ; read ; mean ; please ; steal -eae threat ; bread ; meant ; read(过去式和过去分词) ; peasant -eai real ; really -eaei great ; break 2.-eei: feel ; week ; keep ; three ; steel ; street ; sweep ; see *但是一个例外：coffeei 3.-eeri deer ; pioneer ; engineer ; volunteer 4.-er重读音节: her ; term ; service ; Germany 非重读 worker ; paper ; western ; teacher 特殊读法a: clerk 5.-ere i here ; mere -ere 或者发 there ; where 6.-ear 有三种音，分别是：-ear i ear ; dear ; near ; clear ; tear (n.) ; beard-ear : early ; earth ; learn ; heard-ear a: heart* tear作为动词时，发7.-ei ei eight ; weigh ; weight -ei ai height -ei i: receive 8.-ey重读ei they ; hey ; survey -ey重读i: key -ey非重读i monkey ; donkey ; valley ; volleyball*-et非重读it pocket ; ticket ; rocket9.-ew 一般ju: new ; few ; knew -ew 或者发u: grew ; threw -ew还可以发u sew10.-ege id college11.-est i s t biggest ; modest ; happiest; 12.词尾的-ed在浊音后d lived ; studied -ed在清音后t worked ; finished -ed在字母t或d后id wanted ; needed （三）元音字母i或y的组合1.-ie在重读音节中，或在辅音字母前，发i: field ; piece ; achieve -ie在词尾ai lie ; die ; tie 2.-igh(t)在重读音节ai(t) high ; night ; light ; bright3.-ir在重读音节: girl ; firm ; circle ; first ; third 4.-ire在重读音节ai fire ; tired ; hire ; retired ; wire5.-ild aild child ; wild6.-ind aind find ; kind ; mind ; wind ; (*但windowind) 7.-ing i king ; wing ; sing ; doing ; making8.-(a)tion (ei) n nation ; pronunciation ; information ；composition -stion tn question -sion n或n mission使命 ; precision精密 9.-ye在词尾ai good-bye ; bye-bye10.-isti s t list ; fist ; (四)元音字母o的组合1.-oa在重音时u boat ; coat ; road ; goat ; toad -oar在重音时: blackboard ; aboard2.-oi，-oy在重音时i boiler ; point ; join ; oil boy ; toy ; joy ; loyal3.-oo一般u: soon ; too ; zoo ; room ; noon ; food ; mood ; boot ; moon *单词room和其他名词构成合成词时，常发短音。如classroomu等等。 在字母k或有时在t，d之前时u cook ; look ; book ; took ; foot ; good ；4.-or在重音时: for ; horse ; important ; morning ; born -or在字母w后面: work ; word ; world ; worse ; worth (*但是wore ,worn例外，均发:) -or在非重音时 monitor ; doctor ; professor ; forget ; forwards ; forgive ; conductor5.-oar一般: board ; aboard; blackboard6.-oor一般:或在美式英语里发 door ; floor -oor 还发u poor7.-ore在重音时: snore ; more ; before ; foreign; forest8.-ou一般au shout ; loud ; round ; found -ou还发 country ; countryside ；trouble -ou 还发u: wound ; wounded9.-ough(t)发:( t) ought ; brought ; bought ; fought ; thought (*例外：coughk f)10.-oeu toe ; hoe ; Joe11.-oldu l d old ; hold ; cold ; told 12.-ostu s t post ; most ; host ; ghost (*例外cost s t)13.-our在重音时au sour ; our ; hour ; 还发: four ; course ; pour 还发u tour ; gourd -our 在词尾(非重音) colour ; neighbour ; favourite14.-ow在重音时au now ; cow ; down ; how ; town -ow在重音或非重音中u low ; yellow ; below ; follow ; grow tomorrow ; window ; widow ; know ; show （五）元音字母u的组合1.-u在字母ll或sh之前，或者在字母b,p或f之后，均发u 如：full ; bull ; pull ; push ; bush 字母l,r或j+u构成的开音节，u发u: rule ; true ; blue ; June2.-ue在词尾ju: argue ; continue3.-ui在字母j或r后面时，发u: fruit ; juice -ui在字母b或g后面，或者紧接重音节后面的一个音节时发i 如： build ; guilty ; biscuit (*即就是说字母u不发音)4.-ur在重音时: turn ; return ; Thursday ; nurse ; purse 在非重音时 surprise ; Saturday -ure在重音时(j) u pureju ; manureju ; sureu- ture发t picture ; future ; mixture(II) 辅音字母及辅音字母组合的拼读规则辅音字母一般都发字母本身音,只有一些是特殊的,下面试列举如下:1.b在一般情况下b back ； big ; lab ; brother b和u在一起，u常发i building； build ； busy -bt一般t debt ; doubt2.c在字母e,i或y前面时s city ; Bruce ; juice ; bicycle ；face ; centralc在字母a,o或u,或者在辅音字母前k cup ; cold ; cattle ; duck ; bicycle ; cap ; cut ; class ; c在词尾时也发k，但后面有e，那还发s gymnastick ; musick graces ; Bruces-cc在元音字母a,o,u和辅音字母之前k occasion ; according ; occupy ; acclaim 在元音字母e和i之前ks accent ; success-ci有时发 social -ch 有三种音t k或 如下： t China ; rich ; chick ; chalk k school ; chemist ; chemistry ; chemical ; ache ; technology machine ; parachute ; moustache -tcht catch ; match ; fetch ; hatch ; butcher -ckk duck ; luck ; ticket ; pocket ; black ; cock 3.d在一般情况下d did ; made ; desk ; duck ; doubt ; damage -ds发dz birds ; hands dr在元音字母前dr dry ; dress ; driver ; drill -dge一般d bridge ; fridge ; judge ; edge4.f在一般情况下f five ; flag ; life ; leaf5.g在字母e,i或y前面d large ; general ; gymnastics ; age ; energy *例外：give ; forgive ; get ; forget等,g都发g 在字母a,o或u,或者在辅音字母前g goat ; game ; guard ; ghost ; glass 在词尾也发g big ; egg ; fig ; flag -gnn，即g不发音 foreign ; sign ; gnaw -gh发f或-(*既不发音) - high ; thought ; light ; brought f laugh ; cough -dge发d bridge ; knowledge ; judge *gue-,gua-和gui-在词首时一般u都不发音 guess ; guest ; guard ; guide 而-gue在词尾发g league ; colleague6.h在一般情况下h help ; behave ; hello ; hit ; hurry h在字母r或x后面不发音 rhino ; exhibition7.j在一般情况下d joy ; judge ; injure ; journey ; January ; jar ; just8.k在一般情况下k king ; milk ; kick ; kiss ; lock ; knock k后面是n时，k不发音,即kn发n knock ; knee ; know ; knowledge ; knife9.l在元音字母前发l(*即“勒”音，供参考) light ；look ; let ; lab ; live l在辅音字母或词尾时发l(*即“尔”音，供参考) cold ；sell ; chalk10.m在一般情况下m meet ; meat ; mother ; come ; make ; Tom m后面是b时,b不发音,即-mb发m comb ; tomb ; climb ; bomber11.n在一般情况下n in ; now ; next ; ton ; nest n在m后面时，n常不发音,即-mn发m autumn ; column 但后面有后缀或构成合成词，则n还要发音的 autumnal ; columnist -ng常发或g 发 sing ; king ; English ;young 发 g finger ；younger ; language -nk常发k bank ; sink ; sank ; sunk ; ink ; thank12.p在一般情况下p map ; cap ; people ; pest -phf photo ; phantom ; philosophy ; physics ; phrase13.que在一般情况下k unique ; cheque qu一般发k w quarter ; quick ; quilt ; quiet ; quite ; queen14.r在元音字母前才发音r(*即音同“略”供参考) room ；read ; rest ; around r在辅音字母或词尾前，一般不发音 car ; star ; jar rh在元音字母前只发r rhyme ; rhino ; rhetoric15.s在词首和词尾、清辅音之前或之后,或者在词尾同时在短元音之后，一般发s 如：see ; some ; set ; sister ; works ; lips ; newspaper ; yes ; this注：一条发音习惯，欧美人在发s音后面的清辅音时，习惯上把该清辅音发成相对应的浊辅音（而书写音标的时候，还是写成清辅音），试举例如下：如：school-音标s k u: l，而习惯念成s g u: lstreet-音标s tr i: t,而习惯念成s dr i: tstubborn-音标s t b n,而习惯念成s d b nstudent-音标s t j u: d n t,而习惯念成s d j u: d n tspace-音标s p ei s,而习惯念成s b ei ssteal-音标s t i: l,而习惯念成s d i: