八年级上册短语知识点集.docx

八年级上册短语知识点集Module 1语法:复习四种时态:一般现在时, 1)一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作或状态.句中常常有always ,usually,often ,sometimes, seldom, never, at times ,every day(year,.)once a week,in the morning.,2)be 常用am ,is ,are. 其余动词在第一人称和第二人称及复数后面用原形, 在第三人称单数后面的动词要加s 或es.3) 否定形式：1.am/ is /are +not;2.此时态的为主动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont; 若主语为第三人称单数时，用doesnt ,m同时行为动词还原为原形。4)一般疑问句：1.把be 放在于句首；2.用助动词do 提问；若主语为第三人称单数，则用does,同时，行为动词还原为原形。5)动词在第三人称单数后面的变化规则:a.一般直接在动词后加s; b.以s,x ,ch,sh结尾的词在末尾加es;c.以辅音字母+o结尾的,加es, d.以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i,再加es.口诀:动词三单现在式,一般词尾加s; s,x, ch ,sh在词尾,直接加上es.词尾若是辅音o,加上es不用愁,辅音+y来结尾,变y为i是正规,es后边紧跟随.现在进行时 表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作或行为。时间状语：now,at this time,these days, look! Listen!. at the moment.基本结构：am/is /are doing 否定形式:am/is /are not doing 一般疑问句：把be 动词放于句首。动词的-ing形式的变化规则: 1)一般直接加ing ; 2)以不音的e 结尾的,去e ,再加ing;3)重读,末尾是辅音字母+元音+辅音字母结尾的,双写这个辅音字母,再加ing4)以ie 结尾的,变ie 为y,再加ing语法:一般将来时:标志词: tomorrow ,the day after tomorrow ,next, in +一段时间 ,soon 等.结构: am /is /are going to do sth .或will do sth .there be 的将来时:there is /are going to be 或there will be .come ,go ,leave ,arrive 的现在进行时表将来时.be going to do 和will 的区别:be going to 指打算,计划,will,事先未思考或未计划,be going to do 表示近期眼下就要发生的事情,will,表示 将来时间则较远一些;be going to 表示根据主观表示通过客观迹象表明马上要发生的,而will 是客观上将来势必发生的事情.一般过去时: 一般过去时 表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态，表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作或行为等。标志性词语ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last eek(year,night,month),in 1989, just now, at the age of 5,one day ,long long ago, once upon a time, 动词形式:be用was 或were ,行为动词加ed规则:1.一般情况下直接加ed ; 2.以e 结尾的,直接加d ;3.以辅音字母+y 结尾的,变y 为i 再加ed 4.重读,辅元辅,双写辅音字母,再加ed ,不规则的.否定形式：1.was /were +not ;2、在行为动词前加dint ,同时行为动词还原为原形。一般疑问句：1.was 或were 放于句首；2、把助动词灰的过去式did 提前，同时行为动词还原为原形。提出建议的几种方式:1.Lets +动词原型 (Lets go ) 2.You /We should +动词原形+其他3.Its a good idea to +动词原型+其他 4.How about /What about doing sth?5.Why dont you do sth ?=Why not do sth .? 6.Shall we do sth?常用短语1.在课堂上 in class 2.在.旁边next to 3.谈论.内容talk about sth.4.与某人.交谈talk with sb/ talk to sb. 5.查;查找look up; look over仔细检查 ;look like 看起来像 6.犯错make a mitake /make mitakes 7.其他什么what else 8.写下write down 9.正确答案correct answers 10.尽可能多地as much as possible 11.练习说英语practise speaking English 12.学英语的好方法good ways to learn English 13.检查单词的拼写check the spelling of a word14 advice ,不可数名词,意见,建议,一条建议 a piece of advice , 提出建议, give sb. some advice.询问建议 ask for advice 一些建议 some advice 15.be good for,对有好处 16.as important as 同 一样重要 17.each other 彼此 18.listen to the radio 听广播 19.agree with sb. 同意某人 agree to do sth .同意做某事 20.try to do sth .努力/试图做某事,侧重尽力做,try doing sth,尝试做某事,侧重尝试做 21.try not to do sth .尽量不做某事 22.watch films 看电影 23.listen to songs听歌24.advise sb .(not) to do sth 建议某人(不)做某事. 25. write on pieces of paper把.写在纸上26.the meaning of .的意思 27.ask for要求,请求; ask sb. to do sth .让某人做某事28.enjoy doing sth .喜欢做某事 ,enjoy oneself=have a good time =have fun玩得高兴29.the way to do sth . 做某事的方法,方式;相当于the way of doing sth .30.start a conversation 开始谈话 31.smile at 对微笑32. be afraid to do sth .害怕/不敢做某事 be afraid of sb./sth .doing sth . 害怕某人,某物,做某事.两结构:It is +adj.+to do sth . 1)It is +adj of sb.to do sth .(人的品质,性格) 2)It is +adj for sb to do sth (外界原因). 34.suggest doing sth .建议做某事35.go to bed上床睡觉 36.get up 起床 37.look for 寻找 找到,find 38.say hello to sb.向某人打招呼 39.all the time 一直40.think about 考虑;思考 41.be good at =do well in 擅长42.make a list of 列一张.清单 43.something new新东西,新事物后接V-ing的单词:mind doing sth./finish doing sth ./practise doing sth enjoy doing sth .动词充当主语要么-V-ing /要么to +V原形 常用短语46.advise,建议,advise doing sth .建议做某事; advise sb.(not) to do sth .建议某人(不要)做某事47.make friends with sb .和某人交朋友 48.be bad for 对.有害49.invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人去某地 50.invite to do sth.邀请某人做某事51.help sb.(to ) do sth.帮助某人做某事 52.speak to sb.和某人讲话53.hear和listen to 的区别:listen to 强调动作,hear 强调结果54.practise doing sth.练习做某事 55.come from=be from来自56.take sb. around带某人参观 57.play games 玩游戏58.all the time一直 59.invite sb. to someplace邀请某人去某地60.stop to do sth .停下来做某事,(要做), stop doing sth.停止做某事(不做)61.What do you think of .?=How do you like.?你认为怎么样?62. forget doing sth.忘记做过某事,(已做) fortget to do sth.忘记要做某事(未做)remember doing sth 记住做过某事(已做) remember to do sth.记住要做某事(未做)63.send sth to do sth=send sb sth.把某物寄给某人 不定代词后加形容词,something ,anything ,nothing ,everything ,somewhere ,anywhere,nowhere ,everywhere.someone,anyone,no one ,somebody,anybody, nobody形容词放后面Module 2形容词的比较级与最高级.一个原级,两个比较级(用than连接,或直接给出两个),三个最高级(直接给出三个,或用in ,of 表示范围.) 比较级单词末尾加er, 最高级单词末尾加est ,规则:1.一般情况下末尾加er,或est ,2.以不发音的e 结尾的,直接加r或st.3.以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y 为i再加er 或est.4.重读,末尾辅元辅,双写这个辅音字母,再加er 或est .5.部分双音节和所有多音节前加more 或most不规则的:good/wellbetterbest much/manymoremost bad/badly/illworse worstlittlelessleast. farfartherfarthest(实际的远) farfurtherfurthest(抽象的)说明:副词=形容词+ly 的比较级前用more,最高级前用most特殊:the +比较级+of the two., the 比较级, the 比较级,越 就越.修饰比较级可用:much, a lot , even, still ,a little, far ,a bit ,等1.pretty good 相当好,很好 2.in the 1980s在二十世纪八十年代3.in fact事实上 4.asas同级比较, 里面用原形5.on the coast沿海 6.one day某天问人口:whats the population of?=How large is the population of .? 回答用:Its Popuation无复数, 人口多用large, 人口少用small. the population of 的人口,后面be 用is 或was8.in the east of 在东部, in the west of 在西部 in the north of在. 北部 in the south of 在南部 方位词in ,on , to 的用法:属于内部用in , 相隔用to , 接壤用on9.be famous for因而闻名 (外界原因) be famous as 作为而出名 (后跟职业,身份)10,part of .的一部分 in summer在夏天 be popular with 受某人欢迎/喜爱11.millions of , thousands of , millions of , billions of 只有和of 连用才加of12.on the river,在河边, 13.near the sea在海边14.the capital of 的首都, whats the capital of .?15,more than多于 16.be sure确信,be sure to do sth.17.be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 be busy with sth.忙于某事18.show sb. sth=show sth to sb.向某人展示某物19.interest, relax, tire ,bore ,excite ,surprise ,worry .后跟ed,修饰人,+ing 修饰物,后可跟名词Module 3.形容词变成副词一般在末尾加ly ,其规则为:1.一般情况直接加ly,2.以辅音+y 变y为i ,再加ly(y发音为/i/的变y为i加ly ,发音为/ai/ 直接加ly) 3.元音字母+e ,去e加ly .4.le 变成ly.一般直接加，“元e”去e加，“辅y”改i加，“le”结尾e改y1.watch on TV在电视上观看 2.play tennis 打网球3.whats the matter with sb./sth.?某人/某物怎么了?类似的有whats wrong with.? whats up?= Whats your trouble?4.stay at home待在家 5.look at看, 6.bad luck真倒霉 7.never mind没关系 8.warm up 热身,做准备活动9.be late for 迟到 10.have a chance of doing sth .有做某事的机会,11.get sb. to do sth .让某人做某事 have sb. do sth ./let sb do sth ./make sb do sth .12.cheer sb. on为某人欢呼加油 13.be pleased with sth.对某事感到高兴,满意. 14.pass sb. sth =pass sth to sb 15.next time下次16.look tired看起来疲倦 17.be pleased to do sth .高兴做某事 18.decide to do sth .决定做某事 decide not to do sth .决定不做某事19.Would you mind .? 回答:不介意:Not at all/ Certainly not/ Of course not ;介意:Im sorry,but I do mind doing sth .介意做某事. 20.be ready for为. 做准备21.keep healthy =stay healthy =keep fit =stay fit保持健康22.all the same仍然,照样 23.get lost迷路24.the same as,与一样 感观动词:see ,look at ,watch ,hear ,listen to 经常性发生的动作,或看到全过程,后跟V-原形, 正在发生,后加Ving.26.beat sb.打败某人 win羸得比赛, 26.take part in参加某个活动,会议.join 参加某个组织,党派27.be lost=get lost走失,迷路 28. cheer sb, on 用欢呼声激励,为加油29.have a chance (for sb) to do sth 有机会做某事 have a chance of doing sth .有做某事的机会excite, relax ,interest ,bore ,tire ,surpise ,worry 等后可加ing ,修饰物,后可跟名词, 加ed ,修饰人.Module 41.be late for 迟到 2.what happened?发生什么了?3.sth happened to sb. 某人出了某事(常指不好的事); sb happened to do sth 某人碰巧做某事4.except除了之外(不包括在内,不包含其本身) besides除了之外(包括在内,今其本身)5.by +交通工具. by ship ,by water, by sea ,by plane ,by train,by bus ,by coach.具休:walk to=go to on foot; go to .by bus/train/ship =take a bus/train/ship to.=go toon a bus/train/ship ;go to by car=take a car to .=go to in a car fly to.=go to by plane/by air=go to on a plane =take a plane to ; go to by ship /by water/by sea=take a ship to.ride a bike to.=go to by bike=go to on a bike drive to=go to by car= go to in a car用How 提问 , a可以换为the 6.most of 中的大多数 7.far from=far away from远离,8.be close to 和亲近 9.plan to do sth 计划做某事10.be worth doing 值得做某事 11.Could you please?回答:肯定回答:Sure;/Of course/Certainly/With pleasure.否定回答:Sorry /Sorry ,I cant ./Id love to ,but /Im afraid not12.book sth for sb. =book sb sth为某人预订 13.四个花费: spend: sb spend some time (in) doing sth . Sb.spend some time on sth . Sb. spend some money on sth. Take: It takes sb. some time to do sth./It took sb. some time to do sth . Cost :sth. cost sb. some money. Pay for :Sb. pay some money for sth .14.第几最the +序数词+最高级+单数名词 5. in a hurry匆忙; hurry up 赶紧,快点; hurry to匆忙去; hurry off匆忙离开; 16.look up 查询;give up 放弃; grow up 成长17.问路:Excuse me ,how do I get to ?/Excuse me ,where is ?/Excuse me ,can you tell me the way to ? /Excuse me ,is there a .near here?18.the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方法 19.thanks for因而感谢; thanks to多亏,由于20.be crowed with 挤满了,充满着. 21.go to school去上学22.have a good trip旅途愉快 23.as much as 和. 一样多24.be better to do sth.做某事更好. 25.all the time一直 26.what about =how about? 27.make choice做出选择Module 51.offer to do sth .主动提出做某事 2.offer sb .sth =offer sth .to sb. 向某人提供某物3.plan to do sth.计划做某事 4.in the end =at last =finally最后, 5.at the end of在的末尾;在的尽头 6.from to .从到7.the beginning of 在. 的开始 8.send sth to sb. =send sb. sth.把某人送到.9.return to someplace 回到某地 10.be named 被命名为.11.give a warm welcome to sb.热烈欢迎某人 12.all over the world=around the world全世界13.describe sb./sth.to sb. 向某人描述某人/物. 14.at first 起初15.o把翻译成 16.have a great time =enjoy oneself=have fun玩得高兴17.at the same time同时 18.take place发生19.want to do sth.想要做某事 want sb to do sth .想让某人做某事20.take sb. to 带某人去. 21.hope to do sth .希望做某事 22.wish sb to do sth .希望某人做某事 23.decide ( not)to do sth .决定(不)做某事24.next time 下次 26.no idea不知道27.one of +名词复数, 后动词用三单 one of+the 形容词最高级+名词复数,后动词用三单28.tell sb .sth =tell sth .to sb.告诉某人某事 29.change into.把换/变成30.change ones mind改变某人的主意 31.how long 对一段时间提问,意为多久,多长时间,常对 “for+时间段since 引出的句子.How often 对频率提问,常对always 等词,或once a week,three times a day /week.How soon.对in +一段时间提问,用将来时How far 对距离,路程提问,多远,常对ten kilometres/miles ,three minutes walk.提问32.by the end .到末尾;到.为止, end up 结束,死亡33 .show sb. sth=show sth.to sb give sb. sth =give sth to sb. lend sb sth .=lend sth to sb pass sb. sth=pass sth .to sb. bring sb. sth =bring sth to sb. cook sb. sth =cook sth for sb. buy sb. sth =buy sth for sb read sb sth =read sth for sb . 34.over=more than 多于 35.Would you like /love to do sth ?肯定回答:Yes, Id like/love to.否定回答:Sorry./ Id like/love to, but.Module 61.be interested in 对感兴趣 2.think of想到;想出3.take away 夺去,拿走 4.in peace和平地,平静地5.look after=take care of =care for照顾;照管 6.find out 发现,找出7.as as possible尽可能.地 8.get closer to 与更接近9.wild animals 野生动物 10.feed on以. 为食 11.in the wild 在野外 12.do a lot of research 做许多研究13.live in 住在 14.nature park自然公园15.go back回来;回到 16.in order to 为了17.allow的用法:allow sb .to do sth .允许某人做某事.allow doing sth .允许做某事be allowed to do sth .被 允许做某事18.ask sb .not to do sth .告诉茜人不要做某事 19.It is +adj +of sb. to do sth.跟人的品质,人格 It is +adj+for sb .to do sth .跟外界20.tooto =not enough to太而不能 21.in danger处于危险中22.on earth究竟;到底;在地球上 23.help sb. do sth =help sb .with sth 帮助某人做茜事24.go back to 回到 25.the symbol of 的标志26.choose to do sth .选择做某事 27.save ones life挽救某人的生命28.out of danger脱离危险 29.see a film看电影30.stop doing sth .停止做某事(不做) stop to do sth .停下来做某事(要做)31.a kind of 一种 32.all kinds of 各种各样的 different kinds of 不同各类的33.in trouble 处于困境 in fact 事实上 in need 急需,需要 34.ask for help 寻求帮助 35.need to do sth .需要做某事. need doing sth.需要被做某事36.take care of 照料 take care小心 take it easy 别紧张 take off 起飞,脱掉 take out 取出 take part in参加 take place发生 take up 占据;开始从事37.There be +主语doing 某人/某物正在做某事 38.feed sth .to 把喂给吃39.few /a few 用于可数名词复数;little /a little 用于不可数,有a 表示有,肯定;无a 表示没有,否定. 40.stop (from) doing sth .=prevent (from) doing sth .=keep from doing sth.阻止某人/物做某事.Moduel 7过去进行时用法：1.表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或正存在的状态，一般常和at that time,at+几点yesterday, then, last night,this time yesterday ,the whole morning,when I arrived 等特定的过去时间连用。2. 表示一个过去动作发生时或发生之后,另一个动作正在进行或两个延续性过去的动作同时进行,常与when,while引导的时间状语从句连用。3,结构:was /were +V-ing对动作提问用What .1.by the river在河边 2.in the ground 在地面 3.in a tree在树上,(不是树本身的) on a tree 在树上,树本身的.4.smile at 对着笑 ; laugh at .嘲笑 25.arrive at (小地方)/in (大)=get to =reach到达6.sit with sb. 和某人坐在一起 7.go past 经过8.fall down 滑倒,倒下, fall off 跌落,从掉下来 fall over 向前摔倒,跌倒.9.what .for .有什么用,为什么,相当于why, 10.while 与when 的用法.两分句都是可延续性动词用while ,两分句都是终止性动词用when, while 后跟可延续性动词,11.land on落在/到上 12.be interested in对感兴趣. 13.do with处理,对付 14.go off(灯)熄灭,停(电)15.turn off关闭 ,take off脱下,起飞 ,get off 下车16.on ones way to 在去的路上,在去的途中 17.run after追逐,追赶18.run away 逃跑,走掉,逃脱 run into快速进入 run out 用完,耗尽19.look like 看起来像 be like 像 一样,就像.20.next to 紧挨的,在的旁边. 相当于close to 21.It is +adj+of sb to do sth/对某人来说做某事是.的 ,跟人的性格,品质.It is +adj for sb to do sth .对某人来说做某事.跟外界的.22.more than =over 多于 23.Thats because 那是因为后跟原因.24.Thats why 这就是.的原因,因此后跟结果25.go to bed 上床睡觉, 强调 上床睡觉的动作及过程,无”睡着之意 go to sleep 入睡,睡着 be asleep,睡着 fall asleep 睡着,表示睡觉的过程26.take the place of 取代,代替 in place of=in ones place 代替 instead of 代替27.in front of 在的前面,强调在外部的前面, in the front of 在 的前在同,强调在内部的前面28.between and 在与.之间 29.run past 跑过 30.have nothing to do 无事可做 31.once or twice 偶尔,一两次.32.look through浏览,看 33.take out of 从中把.拿出来34.think about考虑 think of 想起,考虑 35.get out 出去,离开36.have nothing to do 无事可做 37.once upon a time 从前38.knock over打翻,撞倒 39.fall down a hole掉进一个洞里40.fall behind 落后 41.fall into落入,陷入42.fall down跌倒 43.have a tea party开茶会44.remember to do sth .记住要做某事, 还未做 remember doing sth.记住做过某事,已经做了 forget to do sht .忘记要做某事,还未做 forget doing sth .忘记做过某事,已经做了45.get tired 变得疲惫 46.have sth to do 有某事要做47.across 从表面横穿,短语,go across through从内部穿过48.一次,once , 两次,twice ,三或以上用数字+times 表示次数49.run by sb .从某人身边跑过 50.look into向里面看51.nothing strange没什么奇怪的. 52.call sb. up 给某人打电话53.just now 刚才 54.jump down 跳下55.on the table在餐桌上 56.knock sth./sb. over撞倒某人/某物57.in all ones life在某人的一生中 Module 8.1.look forward to doing sth .盼望做某事 look at 看; look after照顾; look for 寻找 look up 查找 , look like 看起来2.be glad to do sth .高兴做某事 wait for sb. /sth .等候某人/某物,后跟等待的人或物3.risk doing sth . 冒险做某事 4.fall off .从跌落5.pay attention 注意;留心 pay attention to doing sth6.side by side 并排地,肩并肩地, 7.climb up 爬上.,爬出来8.in time 及时, on time 按时,准时 from time to time 不时,偶尔 at a time 每次,逐一, at times偶尔,间或 ,at once 立刻,马上 9.preparefor为.准备. 10.in the end 最后11.report to .向报告 12.take sb. to someplace 把某人带到某地13.on the way to 在去的路上 14.next to 在 旁边15.as usual像往常一样 16.climb out of 从 爬出来17.take ones advice 接受某人的建议 18.a flock of 一群19.keep calm 保持镇静 20.ride a bike骑自行车21.in the middle of 在 中间 22.make a decision做决定23.on the corner of /at the corner of某一地方或某建筑物外面的拐角处 ;in the corner of.某建筑物内的拐角处. 24.use sth .to do sth .用某物做某事 use sth for sth ./doing sht .25.pick up 捡起,拾起 26.close the door 关门27.get worse变糟/严重 28.in pain疼痛,痛苦 29.be able to 能够 30.cross =go across穿过31.fall off=fall down from 从跌落 32.else修饰不定代词,疑问代词或疑问副词,位于这些词的后面, other修饰名词,放在名词的前面33.a few days ago/earlier几天前 34.was doing sth.when正在(做某事),这时,35.take sb.s advice采纳的建议 36.make a decision做决定37.系动词:be,feel, smell ,taste ,sound ,一是(be,am ,is are ,was ,were),一觉得(feel),一好像(seem),一保持(keep),三变化(turn ,get ,become),四起来(taste ,smell ,look,sound).38.be glad to do sth ./be pleased to do sth ./be happy to do sth .39.throw sth to 把某物扔给某人 ,含有让某人接住某物的意味,是善意的; throw sth .at 把某物向某人扔去,含有挑衅的意味,是恶意的.40.lie躺,平躺,三单,lies, 现在分词:lying ,过去式,lay, 过去分词是lain.41.take a photo,拍照, take a +名词=have a +名词表示做某事 take/have a walk散步, take a seat 就座 take/have a look看一看take/have a swim散步 take /have a break休息一下 take /have a cup of tea喝杯茶 take/have a rest 休息一下, take a photo =take photos =take a picture =take pictures.42,as soon as一就 43.suggest doing sth ,建议某人做某事, suggest sb.do sth .建议某人做某事,由suggest (that) sb (should) do sth43.onethe other一个,另一个,some .others 一些 另一些 others 泛指其他人;其他事物,the others 指整体中除去一部分之后的全体.Another用于泛三者或三者以上的不定数目中的另一个44.almost ,nearly,几乎,差不多,他们的区别:与no,none ,nothing等连用时,只能用almost 而不能用nearly ;与not ,never连用时,只能用nearly 而不能用almost .Module 91,序数词,基数词变序数词:基变序,很容易,一二三,特殊记,末尾各是t (first),d(second ), d(third),八去t ,九去e ,f来把ve 替,末尾加上th ,若是几十几,只变个位就可以.2.prepare sth.for.为 准备 3.make notes 记笔记4.in the right place 在对的地方 5.talk about sth. 谈论某事6.growing population增长的人口 7.出生,be born 8.hang on稍等 9.rubbish,垃圾,同义词,litter, trash.10.pollution,污染,名词,不可数,常 用a lot of ,lots of ,much 等 修饰,pollute 动词11.a quietly village一个宁静的村子 12.a lo