不定式与动名词讲解.doc

思恩教育 品牌服务 以真理教书 用真情育人动词专项讲解 动词不定式与动名词（1）做宾语：1.动词带to的不定式结构。常见动词有：afford(供应得起)，ask，decide，expect（期待、盼望），learn， want，offer（提供）,hope, wish, help, prepare(准备)，dare(敢)，refuse(拒绝)等。如： We cant afford _(buy) a car yet我们还买不起小汽车。2动词宾语带to的不定式。常见的这类词有：ask，teach，tell，want，like，ask for， wait for，advise，invite，warn，wish，get等。如：Would you like us to go with you？你愿意我们和你一起去吗？ At the meeting they invited me_(speak)会上，他们请我发言。 3动词宾语不带to的不定式。常用的这类动词有：see，hear，watch，notice，let， make，have, listen to, look at, 等。如：We watched the boys _(play) football我们看孩子们踢足球了。 （2）形式主语 1It is 名词（for sb）to do sth如： It is good exercise for us _(walk)to school everyday.2It is 形容词（for sb）to do sth如： It is not good for us_ (watch) too much TV. 3It is 形容词of sbto do sth如： It is kind of you _( think) so much of us难为你这样替我们着想。 类似用of的形容词有kind，nice，wise，foolish，careless, lazy, good, right, clever, silly, 等(3) 形式宾语They found it impossible_(get) everything ready in time(4)做表语：主语be to do sth此类句型中作 主语的中心名词通常是：duty，wish，hope，idea，plan，mistake，ambition, goal,等。如： My idea is_( wait) in line我的想法是排队等候。 (5) 主语be形容词to do sth如：Im sorry_( hear) that your mother is ill (6)不定式作结果状语的句型有两种： 1too形容词副词to do sth如： Kate ran too slowly _(catch) up with Rose凯特跑得太慢，赶不上罗丝。 2名词形容词副词enough to do sth如： Have you got enough money _( buy) a computer？你有足够的钱买台电脑吗？ (7)动词不定式在句中作定语常置于被修饰的成分（或词）的后面，其句型多为： 1Its time to do sth如： Its time_( go) to school该去上学了。 2主语have sthto do如： I have nothing_(worry) about(8)to能够代替不定式的内容。 在口语中，下文不定式的内容可承上文省略，但to不可省。这种用法常见于下列结构：have to ，would like（love） to，glad to等。如： 考例 Would you like to go to the cinema with us tomorrow？ Yes，_ What time are we going to meet？ AI would BI would like CI like to DId like to 同学们，请你看看下面的10道题的空格处是不是都加上to呢？做完后你会“真相大白” 1Why _ go to the cinema with him？ 2Why not _ wear a flower？ 3They would rather try and fail than _ give up the plan 4You had better _ leave here at once 5He could do nothing but _ obey the order(cant but do sth.) 6Can I help _ carry it for you？ 7Id like _ come ，but I have no time 8He likes to stay with peasants and _ work in the field with them 9I havent decided to go or _ stay 10Its necessary for us to read more and _ have more practice Key: 1. 2 3 4 5 6to 7to 89to 10to动名词1动名词由动词 + ing构成，否定形式为not doing，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。1）作主语。如： Seeing is believing. Laying eggs is the ant queens full-time job. 注意：动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。如：Playing with fire is dangerous. （泛指玩火）To play with fire will be dangerous. （指一具体动作）但在It is no use/good, not any use/good, useless等后常用动名词或用不定式。2）作表语。如： Her job is teaching. 3）作宾语。如： He is fond of playing football. I like swimming. dislike，enjoy，excuse，face，feel，like，finish，forgive，give up，imagine， keep，mention，mind，miss，practise，put off， suggest，cant help（情不自禁），cant stand（无法忍受）等动词成词组后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式。forget，go on，mean，regret(后悔)，remember，stop，try等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。Lets go on studying Lesson 6. （让我们继续学第六课。说明前面已学了一部分。）Lets go on to study Lesson 6.（让我们接着学第六课。说明前面已学了第五课。）I remember doing the exercise. （我记得做过练习。）I must remember to do it. （我必须记着做这事。）I tried not to go there. （我设法不去那里。）I tried doing it again. （我试着又干了一次。）Stop speaking. （不要讲话。）He stopped to talk. （他停下来讲话。）I mean to come early today. （我打算今天早些来。）Missing the train means waiting for another hour. （误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。）动词need，require，want作“需要”解，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做，这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。如：The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned. Her method is worth trying. 在短语，look forward to， to be used to， thank you for，excuse me for，be(kept) busy，have difficulty/trouble/problem(in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time(in)，theres no use/good/need，feel/seem like等后的动词也必须用动名词形式，例如：I look forward to hearing from you soon. 在love，hate，prefer，like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。有时用动名词作宾语时，指一般情况，而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。start，begin，continue在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。但start和begin在下列情况下一般跟不定式作宾语：当主语是物而不是人时；当start或begin以