反意疑问句的结构形式.doc_第1页
反意疑问句的结构形式.doc_第2页
反意疑问句的结构形式.doc_第3页
反意疑问句的结构形式.doc_第4页
反意疑问句的结构形式.doc_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩2页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

反意疑问句的结构形式: 反意疑问句提出情况或看法,问对方同不同意,这种问句都由两部分组成,前一部分用陈述句的形式,后一部分是一个附着在前一部分上的简短问句,中间用逗号隔开,如前一部分为肯定形式,后一部分通常用否定形式,前一部分为否定形式,后一部分就用肯定形式,两部分的时态要一致。 如: You are to go home via Hongkong, arent you? 你准备经香港回国,对吧?(肯定的陈述句+否定的反意疑问句) They didnt raise many questions at the press conference, did they? 他们在记者招待会上没提出很多问题,是吧?(否定的陈述句+肯定的反意疑问句) You wont be away for long, will you? 你不会离开太久,是吧?(否定的陈述句+肯定的反意疑问句)You have already got our invitation, havent you? 你们已收到了我们的请贴,是吧?(肯定的陈述句+否定的反意疑问句)二反意疑问句的答语 在回答反意疑问句时,应根据事实来回答,如果事实是肯定的,前面要用yes,否则用no, 在第一部分为否定句时要特别注意,这时英语回答和汉语回答是不一致的。 如: -You are not going out today, are you? -No, I am not. 你今天不出去,是吗?是的,我今天不出去。 (“不出去”属于否定的事实,所以在英语中应用“no”来表示此义,不要用 “yes”来回答。) -You are not going out today, are you?-Yes, I am.你今天不出去,是吗? 不,我出去。(“出去”属于肯定的事实,所以在英语中应用“yes”来表示此义,不要用 “no”来回答。) -George wasnt there that day, was he? -No, he wasnt. 乔治那天不在那里,对吧? 对,他不在。 (“不在”属于否定的事实,所以在英语中应用“no”来表示此义,不要用 “yes”来回答。) 一般来说这种反意疑问句及其回答中的肯定否定关系可以用下面这个公式表示:(表示肯定,表示否定) 问句中:, 或, 回答中:,或,三构成反意疑问句时应注意的问题: 当陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, someone, no one, nobody, somebody等不定代词时,反意疑问句部分中的主语常用they (有时也可用he.) 如:Nobody phoned while I was out, did they?我出去的时候没人打电话,是吧?Everyone has been there, havent they?每个人都去过那里,是吗?Somebody borrowed my pen yesterday, didnt they?昨天有人借了我的钢笔,是吧?No one was hurt, was he? 没人受伤,是吧?当陈述部分的主语是everything, anything, nothing, something等表物的不定代词时,反意疑问部分的主语常用it.如: Everything has been done on how to prevent the pollution, hasnt it? 关于如何预防污染已采取了一切措施,是吗?Nothing is wrong with the machine, is it?这台机器没出什么毛病,是吧?Nothing can stop us now, can it? 任何事情都无法阻止我们,是吧? 当陈述部分的主语是one时,反意疑问部分的主语常用one或you。 如: One cant be too careful, can one/ you? 一个人越认真越好,是吧?One should study hard, shouldnt one/ you? 一个人应当认真学习,是吗?当陈述部分的主语是man(人类)时,反意疑问部分的主语常用he。 如:Man is the master of his own fate, isnt he?人类是自己命运的主宰,是吗?当陈述部分是there be结构时,反意疑问部分用there,省略主语代词。 如:There is something wrong with the machine, is there?机器出了毛病了,是吗?There wont be any trouble, will there? 不会有任何麻烦,是吗?当陈述部分含有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否定词或半否定词时,反意疑问部分的动词应用肯定形式。 如:She seldom goes to the cinema, does she? 她很少去看电影,是吗? Few people know him, do they? 没几个人认识他,是吗? Bob rarely got drunk, did he? 鲍勃很少喝醉,是吗?He has never been to London, has he?他从没去过伦敦,是吗? They can hardly understand it, can they? 他们几乎不能理解,是吗?You have nothing else to say, have you? 你没有什么可说的了,是吧?当陈述部分中含有im, in, dis, un等否定前缀或less等否定后缀时,应把陈述部分看成是肯定的,反意疑问部分要用否定式。如:He was unsuccessful, wasnt he? 他没成功,是吗?This meeting is unimportant, isnt it? 这次会议不重要,是吗?Your mother dislikes seeing you with me, doesnt she?你母亲不喜欢看到你和我在一起,是吗?He is unfamiliar with this type of computer, isnt he? 他不熟悉这种类型的计算机,是吗?当陈述部分是Im 结构时,反意疑问部分常用arent I如:I am late, arent I?我迟到了,是吗?Im a boy, arent I? 我是一个男孩,是吗?当陈述部分是主从复合句时,反意疑问部分中的动词和主语代词通常应和主句中的动词和主语保持一致。如:She says that I did it, doesnt she? 她说是我做的,是吗? He never said he would come, did he? 他从没说过要来,是吗? When he goes there, he will go to see her, wont he?当他去那里时,他要去看她,是吗?If you dont start early, you will be late, wont you?如果你不早点出发就会迟到,是吗?He told you that he had watched the football match, didnt he?他告诉你已看过了这场足球赛,是吗? Peter believes that his dream will come true some day, doesnt he? 彼得相信有一天他的梦想会实现,是吗?当陈述部分的主句是I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine等结构时,反意疑问部分往往与从句保持一致,而且要注意否定转移。如:I suppose that she is careful, isnt she?我认为她认真,是吗?I think he is a thief, isnt he?我认为他是一个小偷,是吗?I dont believe she has gone home, has she?我认为她没有回家,是吗?I dont think he can do it well, can he?我认为他做不好那件事,是吗?I dont believe you can finish the job, can you? 我觉得你完不成这项工作,是吗?I dont guess he knows it, does he?我想他不知道这件事,是吗? 当陈述部分含有have,而且have作“有”解时,反意疑问部分用have/has或借助助动词do, does, did等来完成;如果陈述部分中的have是实义动词,则反意疑问部分应需借助助动词do, does, did等来完成。 如:He hasnt a lot of time to spare, has he?他没有许多可以抽出的时间,是吗? He doesnt have an English dictionary, does he?他没有英语词典,是吗? They had milk and bread for breakfast, didnt they?他们早餐吃的面包喝的牛奶,是吗?You all had a good time, didnt you?你们都玩儿得很开心,是吗? Mike often has a cold, doesnt he? 迈克经常感冒,是吗? 当陈述部分的谓语动词包括have to, had to时,反意疑问部分通常用do的适当形式。 如:You had to take the early bus, didnt you?你不得不乘坐早班车,是吗?We have to do it, dont we?我们不得不做这件事,是吗?He has to look after the child, doesnt he?他不得不照顾这个小孩,是吗?They had to keep quiet, didnt they?他们不得不保持安静,是吗?当陈述部分含有情态动词used to时,反意疑问部分可用used to形式或did形式。 如: He used to smoke three cigarettes a day, didnt/ usednt he? 他过去一天常吸三根香烟,是吗? He used to get up late, didnt/ usednt he?他过去起床晚,是吗?We used to work in the same workshop, didnt/ usednt we? 我们过去在同一个车间工作,是吗?当陈述部分是祈使句时,反意疑问部分常用will you. 如:Help me to do it, will you?帮我做这件事,好吗?Dont go there, will you?别去那里,好吗?Be quiet, will you?安静些,好吗?Give me some cigarettes, will you?给我一些香烟,好吗?Dont move the chair, will you?别搬这把椅子,好吗? Lets 和Let us都表示“让我们”,但用法上不同。前者包括听话人,后者不包括听话人。正因如此,它们的反意疑问句的形式常常不同: 以Lets 开头的祈使句,反意疑问部分常用shall we. 以Let us开头的祈使句,反意疑问部分常用will you. 如:Lets go skating, shall we?我们去滑冰,好吗?(说话人、听话人均去滑冰) Let us have a look at your book, will you? 让我们看看你的书,好吗?(说话人要看书,听话人不看书)Lets go now, shall we?我们现在走,好吗?(我们去,你也去)Let us go shopping, will you? 让我们去买东西,好吗?(我们去,你不去)当陈述句部分含had better/best, would like to, would rather等约定俗成特殊短语时,反意疑问部分应保留第一个词。 如:He had better do more speaking, hadnt he? 他最好多说,是吗?You would like to do it, wouldnt you? 你愿意做这件事,是吗?当陈述句部分是强调句或类似强调句的结构时,反意疑问部分常和句首的It is/was保持一致。如:It was in a park that you met him, wasnt it?你是在公园里遇见了他,是吗?It is the first time that he has gone there, isnt it?这是他第一次去那里,是吗?It is ten years since he joined the army, isnt it?他参军十年了,是吗? 当陈述句部分为感叹句时,反意疑问句部分常用否定形式,且问句部分的动词常用be. 如:What a handsome man he is, isnt he?他是一个多么英俊的人,是吗?What a cold day, isnt it?多么冷的一天,是吗?当陈述部分含有情态动词must, may, cant, 且表示推测时,反意疑问部分不能用must, may, cant自身,应和后面的实义动词保持一致; must/ may/ cant + do 表示对现在情况的推测,反意疑问部分用一般现在时。 如:He must be Mr. Chen, isnt he? (相当于:I think he is Mr. Chen.) 他一定是陈先生,是吗? He cant be Mr. Chen, is he?(相当于I dont think he is Mr. Chen.)他不可能是陈先生,是吗? must/ may/ cant + have done +过去时间状语,表示对过去情况的推测,反意疑问部分常用一般过去时。 如:He must have stayed at home yesterday, didnt he?(相当于: I think he stayed at home yesterday.)他昨天一定呆在家里了,是吗?He may have gone home last night, didnt he?(相当于:Maybe he went home last night.)他可能昨晚回家了,是吗? must/ may/ cant + have done , 反意疑问部分常用现在完成时。 如: You must have met him before, havent you? (相当于:I think you have met him before.) 你从前一定见过他,是吗? You may have been to Tibet, havent you? (相当于:Maybe you have been to Tibet. 你可能去过西藏,是吗? 当陈述部分含有情态动词mustnt表示“禁止”时,反意疑问部分常用must. 如:You mustnt walk on grass, must you? 禁止你在草地上走,是吗?当陈述部分含有情态动词need, dare时,反意疑问部分有两种形式: 作情态动词时保留自身;作实义动词时反意疑问句应借助于助动词do/does/did来完成。 如:You neednt go there, need you?你不必去那里,是吗?(情态动词)He needs to start at once, doesnt he?他需要立刻出发,是吗?(实义动词)She dare not go out alone at night, dare she?她晚上不敢一人出去,是吗?(情态动词)We need to come earlier, dont we?我们需要早点来,是吗?21当陈述部分含有情态动词ought to时,反意疑问部分常用oughtnt (有时也可用shouldnt.)如:The child ought to be punished, oughtnt he? 这个小孩应当受到惩罚,是吗?You oughtnt to criticize her, ought you? 你不应该批评她,是吗?语法综合讲解与练习反意疑问句精讲1)当陈述部分是there be 句型时,反意疑问部分的主语用there。例如: There arent a lot of flowers in the garden in winter, are there?2)当陈述部分是Im.结构时,反意疑问部分一般用arent I。例如:I am a student, arent I?3)当陈述部分是一个有that引导的宾语从句的复合结构时,反意疑问部分一般根据主句的主语和谓语动词而定,例如: You told me (that)I had passed the exam, didnt you? 但是,当陈述部分的主句是I think, I suppose, I believe等结构时,反意疑问部分则往往由that从句中的主语和谓语动词决定,并且要注意否定的转移。例如: I believe (that)it is going to rain, isnt it? 4)当陈述部分的谓语动词是have时,反意疑问部分要根据have的意义及形式而定。a. 当have表示“所有”含义时,反意部分可以用have形式,也可以用do形式。例如: He has a book in his hand, hasnt he? He has a book in his hand, doesnt he? b.当陈述部分的动词是have的否定形式时,反意疑问部分是用have形式还是用do形式,取决于陈述部分的动词形式。例如: You havent a car, have you? You dont have any money with you, do you? c.当have不表示“所有”含义而表示其他含义时,反意疑问句则必须用do的形式。例如: We had a good time in the vacation, didnt we? He has his breakfast at seven everyday, doesnt he? You have to get up early tomorrow, dont you? 5)当陈述部分带有never, nothing, nowhere, seldom, hardly, rarely, few, little 等否定词或半否定词时,反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。例如: You can hardly believe what he said, can you?There is little ink in the bottle, is there?Few people know this place, do they?当陈述部分的谓语动词是带有un-,in-,dis-等否定前缀的动词,则仍然把陈述部分看作肯定句,那么反意疑问部分用否定形式。例如: He is impolite to the teacher, isnt he? He distrusted anybody around him, didnt he?6)当陈述部分带有情态动词ought to时,反意疑问部分在英式英语中用ought to 形式,在美式英语中用should形式。例如:You ought to see the new picture, shouldnt you?Teachers ought to be honored, oughtnt they?7)当陈述部分带有情态动词used to时,反意疑问部分可以用used to形式,也可以用did形式。例如:She used to live abroad, usednt she?There used to be a newsstand in the corner of the street, didnt there?8)当陈述部分带有情态动词must时,反意疑问部分需视must的含义而定。a.当must表示“命令或强制”时,反意疑问部分用 mustnt。例如: You must do it by yourself, mustnt you?b.当must表示“有必要”时,反意疑问句用neednt,例如: You must see him tonight, neednt you?c.当m

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论