国际商务英语函电课程教学大纲必备学习.doc

美式论文、报告写作技巧 编者按：美式教育的特点即是课程内容强调学生参与及创新运用，因此，报告便成了常见的考核学生学习成果的方式，比如实验报告、学期报告、专题报告、研究报告及论文（含毕业论文）等。研究生presentation 及 seminar 的机会更是占很大的比重，有些甚至占学期成绩很大比例。如何完成报告、论文同时得到良好的成绩，是本文提供给有志留学的有心人参考的目的。 美国大学生由於自小已养成自动寻找答案习惯，在启发式的教育环境下，写报告、论文对他们来说比较不陌生，虽然专业知识上美国学生不见得比外籍学生强，但是表达能力由於自小培养，加上英语能力的优势，常比外籍学生在报告、论文方面有较隹的利基。反之中国学生比较缺乏报告写作的训练，因此如果在留学过程中无法适应美式教育会比较辛苦，其实论文、报告的写作要领其实不难，只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。 通常论文由篇首(Preliminaries)，本文(Texts)以及参考资料(References)三部分构成；而这三大部分各自内容如下： (一) 篇首： 封面(Title) 序言(Preface) 谢词(Acknowledge) 提要(Summary) 目录(Tables and Appendixes) (二) 本文： 引言(Introduction) 主体，含篇(Part)、章(Chapter)、节(Section) 、以及注释 (Footnotes) (三)参考资料： 参考书目(References or Bibliography) 附录资料(Appendix)。 进行论文或报告写作之前，先要确定想要表达的主题，主题确定后，将其具体表达，即为题目。题目可以提供研究者： 一.研究的方向 二.研究的范围 三.资料搜集的范围 四.预期研究成果 通常在确定题目之後就开始找资料从事研究，建议在找资料之前最好去问教授有哪些参考资料来源可供参考引用。构思为确定写作大纲或 Proposal 的先前步骤， 大纲是论文、报告的骨干， Proposal 是研究的架构、流程及范围的说明书。如何构思大纲或Proposal为论文、报告写作前的必要准备工作。好的论文或研究报告，要基于在完整、详实的资料上，而参考资料除了和教授商借之外，最主要的来源就是图书馆了，一般参考资料来源可分成教科书或手册、政府机构的报告、科技或商业方面的杂志，及会议性质的资料。此外现代的电脑资料库也可帮助收集资料，在国外可利用学校的电脑连线资料库寻找自己需要的资料。当一切准备就绪，即可开始着手写报告，一般报告还分大报告如期末、专题等报告，及小报告如 Seminar 式的报告。 就算是小报告，也至少应含 (一)TITLE PAGES ：包含主题名称、作者、日期 (二)Summary： 即主要的结论 (三)Introduction：包括理论背景及内容 (四)Technical Sections：是论文的主体，为最重要的部份应再细分为 几个片断。 (五)Conclusions：即扼要的结论 (六)Appendixes：复杂公式的导引及叁考资料和电脑程式的报表可附加在 此项 美式报告的撰写通常要打字，两行式，行间若有未拼完的字要以音节来连接。写报告通常需要用到电脑，如有计算数字统计图表的需求，也常会用到程式软体如PASCAL、LOTUS，统计分析软体如SAS，也是不可或缺的，电脑绘图在今日已成为工商界及学术界的重要工具，文书处理更是最基本的要求，因此Word for Window、Powerpoint、Excel便成了颇受欢迎的工具。此外在英文语法、文法上的润饰与修改，如能请老美帮忙会比较好。 论文、报告完成后有时会需要做解说(Presentation)，用英文来讲演对中国人来说算是一大挑战，通常课堂讲演时间为十五分钟到三十分钟，若是论文囗试则至少一小时。投影机及麦克风的使用对讲演的效果有很大帮助，正式讲演前多预习几次，时间宜控制适中，上台时忌讳低头拿着报告照念，需留意听众的反应，切中主题，避免太多数字的导引。国际商务英语函电课程教学大纲Business Correspondence Syllabus执笔人：傅燕文 编撰日期：2008年12月一、课程概述Course Summarize课程类型:B类课程性质:必修计划时数:72学分:4实践课时比例:38（27学时）是否专业核心课程：是教学对象：三年制高职国际贸易实务专业学生国际商务英语函电是国际贸易专业学生的核心职业技能课程。本课程旨在培养学生掌握国际商务英语函电的基本知识，学会使用国际商务英语函电的联系方式，开展对外经济贸易业务和有关商务活动，并能熟练地加以运用。培养学生在走上工作岗位后能够迅速适应对外经贸业务活动的需要，帮助他们系统地学习和掌握外贸英语函电的格式、专业词汇、行文方法与文体特点，提高学生在外贸业务活动中正确地使用英语的能力，以及对外进行各项业务联系和通讯活动的能力。二、教学内容描述Course Description国际商务英语函电课程主要讲授外贸常用文体的基本知识，包括各类商务书信、常用语句、常用术语及拟写技巧。通过对外贸易业务磋商过程中各个环节往来函电实例的学习，熟悉、掌握外贸业务磋商各个环节建立业务关系、询盘、报盘、推销、还盘、成交、支付、装运、保险、申诉、索赔、争议等的常用表达及写作技巧，并能在实际应用中熟练使用；以及介绍各类单据及单证实例如信用证、订单、提单、保险单、装箱单、检验证明等，让学生全面了解外贸业务知识的各个环节，并运用英语熟练表达，达到应用的目的。在教学中要注重结合实际案例来进行教学，以促使学生学有所用。1、通过阅读和学习介绍外贸交易业务过程的有关章节，了解并熟悉外经贸进出口的关键步骤。2、重点掌握外经贸业务信函的翻译、撰写要点，初步做到能在一般情况下翻译、写出内容确切、表达得体、符合规范、语句通顺、没有语法错误的信函（由于现代化的信息传送方式如传真、电子邮件的撰写方式和普通信函相似，故以掌握信函翻译、撰写为重点）。3、了解业务信函的趋向。4、初步了解有关的边缘知识。Chapter I Layout of a Business LetterTeaching ObjectivesAfter the completion of this unit, the students are supposed to:1. master the well-received layout of business letters2. familiarize with the basic components of a business letter3. comprehend the general writing principles for business letter writing4. be able to draft an appropriate and effective business letter Teaching Focus1. basic formats and components of business letters2. writing principles of business letters Teaching MethodsLectureMedia DemonstrationClass DiscussionSample Letters AnalysisIn-class Practice Teaching Procedures and Contents1. ABC Knowledge of Business lettersmain patterns of the layoutbasic components of a business letterspecific conventions of the business letter formsgeneral writing principles of business letter2. In-class practiceexercise on the formal layoutexercise on the basic componentsexercise on the addressing of envelope3. summaryChapter Establishment of Business RelationsTeaching ObjectivesAfter the completion of this unit, the students are supposed to:1. learn to use all sorts of information available for seeking business opportunities2. master the skills to make self-introduction through business correspondence and impress the new customer3. comprehend the four-step procedures of writing a self-introductory business correspondence4. accomplish the simulated establishment of your own “business firm” for future “business”5. To enable students to know about the importance of credit inquiry and how to make credit inquiry Teaching Focus1.initial business contact letter writing2.self-introduction via business letter3.write a business letter about credit inquiryTeaching MethodsLectureMedia DemonstrationClass DiscussionSample Letters AnalysisSimulated Writing PracticeComment and Summary Teaching Procedures and Contents1. significance of business relations2. trade information channels -all sorts of trade fairs-official institutioncommercial counselors office-industrial institutionchambers of commerce-first & second-hand market investigation-business tours or visits-financial institutionbank, financial agency-advertisementsmass media-the InternetAlibaba, E-bay, Google3. How to establish business relations?-target market investigationcultural environmentlegal environmentbusiness environment-trading partner selectioncredibility ,ways of making credit inquirycapabilitypersonality-marketing planningproduct selectionmarketing strategypromotional planning4. initial business contact5. four-step procedures of writing skill for self-introduction to new customersStep 1opening: attract the attentionStep 2highlighting: present the focus of the topicStep 3developing: strengthen the topicStep 4closing: conclude the topic6. in-class peer practice to write a self-introductory business letter7. comment & summary for the assignmentExercises and PracticeFinish exercises 、and from Lesson One to Lesson TwoAdditional practice on translating and writingWrite a business letter about credit inquiry by means of information given by teachersChapter Enquiries, Offers And Counter- OffersTeaching ObjectivesAfter this unit, the students are supposed to:1. be familiar with the general patterns of business inquiry and reply letters ，to enable students to know about what enquiry is, what offer is2. master some basic skills in writing such type of business correspondence 3. continue the simulated practice to broaden experience in practical performance4. comprehend the essential elements for business offer and acceptance via business correspondence. To enable students to know the difference between a firm offer and non-firm offer5. master the general writing skills of business offer and acceptance via business correspondence6. conduct in-class practice to simulate the real life performance of business negotiation via correspondence7. Help students to learn and master key words, phrases and sentence patterns, how to write a business letter about counter-offer.Teaching Focus1.basic steps in business negotiation2.business inquiry letter writing patterns3.structure of a business letter about offer, business offer and acceptancedetailed explanation 4.comparison among quotation, difference between a firm offer and non-firm offer, non-firm offer and firm offer via sample letters analysisTeaching MethodsLectureMedia DemonstrationClass DiscussionSample Letters AnalysisSimulated Writing PracticeComment and Summary Teaching Procedures and Contents1. chief elements of business negotiationessential elements for business offer and acceptance -the subject matter of the business transactionnamespecificationqualitypackingdelivery-the price and payment termsas per INCOTERMS 2000plus payment mode-liabilities of the sellerdeliveryqualitydocuments-liabilities of the buyerpaymentdocuments-possible trade dispute settlementcommodity inspectionclaimarbitration2. basic procedures of a business negotiation3. about the inquiry letter-basic patterns of an inquiry letterbackground informationmake the inquiryexplain supplementary requirements or expectationcomplimentary closing4. writing skills of making business offer as well as making acceptance-starting by referring to the related correspondence or contact-continuing to make the offer of the specific contractual terms-developing by making supplementary explanation or requirements-concluding with complimentary closing words or expectation5. sample letters analysisWhat is the difference between a firm offer and non-firm offer?Studying the letters about enquiries, offers and counter-offerStructure of a business letter about offer and counter-offer.6. in-class peer practice for letter writing in-class group discussion of the sample letter skills7. Assignment comment and unit summaryExercises & PracticeFinish exercises 、and from Lesson Four to Lesson Seven .Additional practicePreview Chapter Chapter Conclusion Of BusinessTeaching ObjectivesAfter the completion of this unit, the students are supposed to:1.to learn some additional sentence patterns about ordering 2.understand the main contents and points for attention of a business contract3.master the general terms and expressions commonly used in business contracts4.learn to fill in a business contract in EnglishTeaching Focus1. basic concept and content of a business contract2. key points in contract drafting Teaching MethodsLectureMedia DemonstrationClass DiscussionSample Letters AnalysisSimulated Writing PracticeComment and Summary Teaching Procedures and Contents1.Studying the letters about ordering, counter-signature letter.2.basic concept and content of a business contract3.main parts of a contract-the headingtitle, reference number, address, correspondence, name-the bodymain business terms and conditionscommodity, quality, delivery, packing, insurance,-the endingsignature, signing place, validity, additional clauses4. key points in contract drafting5. sample letters analysis6. in-class peer practice-Translate the sample letter 4 into Chinese.-Then write down the general procedures of contract execution via L/C payment mode.-Discuss within the group to improve your procedures.-Some groups will be asked to present your result to the whole class for ment and summaryExercise & Practice Finish exercises 、and from Lesson Eight to Lesson Ten.Additional practice Preview Chapter Chapter PaymentTeaching ObjectivesIn this unit, the students are supposed to:1. comprehend the significance of payment in business. Enable students to know about terms of payment: D/A, D/P,2. be familiar with the various instruments of payment3. understand how to manipulate different modes of payment to conduct business4. master the general skills to write all sorts of payment related business correspondences5. conduct simulated practice to broaden the experienceTeaching Focus1. key words, phrases and sentence patterns D/A, D/P 2. introduction of international payment instruments and modes3. procedures of manipulating the payment settlementTeaching MethodsLectureMedia DemonstrationClass DiscussionSample Letters AnalysisGroup-work of Simulated Writing PracticeComment and Summary Teaching Procedures and Contents1. introduction: instruments of payment2. introduction: modes of payment-remittanceT/Ttelegraphic transferM/Tmail transferD/Ddemand draft-collectionD/Pdocuments against paymentD/Adocuments against acceptance3. sample letters analysis4. in-class simulated practice5. comment and summaryExercise & PracticeFinish exercises、and from Lesson Eleven to Lesson Thirteen.Additional practicePreview Chapter Chapter L/C Establishment, Extension and AmendmentTeaching ObjectivesIn this unit, the students are supposed to:1. know about terms of payment: L/C ，comprehend the significance of payment in business.2. learn and master key words, phrases and sentence patterns about terms of payment， be familiar with the various instruments of payment3. learn and master additional sentence patterns about terms of payment：L/C Establishment, Extension and Amendment4. understand how to manipulate different modes of payment to conduct business5. master the general skills to write all sorts of payment related business correspondences6. conduct simulated practice to broaden the experienceTeaching Focus1. introduction of international payment instruments and modes2key words, phrases and sentence patterns of L/C3. procedures of manipulating the payment settlementTeaching MethodsLectureMedia DemonstrationClass DiscussionSample Letters AnalysisGroup-work of Simulated Writing PracticeComment and Summary Teaching Procedures and Contents1.Studying the letters about terms of payment , L/C Establishment, Extension and Amendment2. introduction: modes of payment-letter of creditvarious types of L/Cbankers creditL/C partiesL/C procedures3. introduction: L/C procedures and key points4. sample letters analysis5. in-class simulated practice6. comment and summaryExercise & PracticeFinish exercises 、and from Lesson Fourteen to Lesson Seventeen.Additional practicePreview Chapter Chapter ShipmentTeaching ObjectivesAfter this unit, the students are supposed to:1. be familiar with the related shipping procedures and documents2. master the basic writing skills for shipping related business correspondences3. learn to solve shipping related trade disputes via business correspondences4. conduct simulated practice to internalize the learned knowledgeTeaching Focus1. shipping related knowledge. Key words, phrases and sentence patterns2. shipping related correspondence writing. Structure of a business letter about shipment3. shipping related problem-solving and analysisTeaching MethodsLectureMedia DemonstrationClass DiscussionSample Letters AnalysisSimulated Writing PracticeComment and Summary Teaching Procedures and Contents1. introduction to modes of transport2. introduction to terms of delivery-INCOTERMS 2000-Interpretation of the division of duties & rights of the contractual parties concerning the consignment delivery.-4 groups & 13 termsGroup E: EXWGroup F: FOB, FCA, FASGroup C: CFR, CIF, CPT, CIPGroup D: DAF, DES, DEQ, DDU, DDP-important delivery timetime of L/C; time of shipment; time of negotiation3. sample letters analysis .Studying the letters about shipment4. writing guide .Structure of a business letter about shipment5. simulated practice for dispute-solving via letters6. comment and summaryExercise & PracticeFinish exercises 、and from Lesson Eighteen to Lesson Twenty.Additional practicePreview Chapter Chapter PackingTeaching ObjectivesIn this unit, the students are supposed to:1. be familiar with the various aspects of packing related issues, learn and master key words, phrases and sentence patterns ,learn some additional sentence patterns about packing.2. probe into the various causes for packing related trade disputes3. learn to write all sorts of packing related business correspondences4. conduct simulated practice to broaden experienceTeaching Focus1. packing terms and requirements .Structure of a business letter about shipment packing requirement.2. problem-solving regarding packing issuesTeaching MethodsLectureMedia DemonstrationClass DiscussionSample Letters AnalysisSimulated Writing PracticeComment and Summary Teaching Procedures and Contents1. introduction to various packing knowledge-types of packingouter packing and inner packingtransport packing and sales packing-packing materialsbale, bag, drum, box, case, container, carton, crate, tin,-packing termscontractual packing, designated packing, neutral packing, customary packing, seaworthy packing, reinforced packing-four parts of shipping markconsignee, reference number, destination, package number2. introduction to drafting of the packing terms3. sample letters analysis Studying the letters about packingStructure of a business letter about packing requirement.Additional sentence patterns4. in-class simulated practice of settling packing related disputes via business correspondence5. comment and summaryExercise & PracticeFinish exercises 、and from Lesson Twenty-one to Lesson Twenty-Three.Additional practicePreview Chapter Chapter InsuranceTeaching ObjectivesAfter this unit, the students are supposed to:1. learn and master key words, phrases and sentence patterns about insurance，learn how to write a business letter about insurance， be familiar with the general insurance knowledge indispensable in cargo insurance2. master the basic procedures to handle cargo insurance via business correspondences3. learn to solve various problems concerning the cargo insurance by means of practice Teaching Focus1. review of basic cargo insurance knowledge Key words, phrases and sentence patterns2. manipulation of insurance documents Structure of business letters about insurance3. insurance-related problem-solving skills via correspondencesTeaching MethodsLectureMedia DemonstrationClass DiscussionSample Letters AnalysisSimulated Writing PracticeComment and Summary Teaching Procedures and Contents1. review of general cargo insurance knowledge-types of insurance for marine cargo transport (PICC)basic coverFPAfree from particular averageWPAwith particular averageARall risksadditional risksgeneral additional risksTPNDtheft, pilferage & non-deliveryRFWDrain and /or fresh water damage special additional risksWar risk, strikes risk, on deck risk, rejection risk, 2. introduction to insurance terms and documents3