三级英语语法主谓一致关系.doc

主 谓 一 致主谓一致是指： 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，1.语法一致的原则语法一致的原则是指主语为单数或复数时，其谓语动词要与其相呼应。Reading and writing are very important.注意： 当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.例题The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. isB. was C. are D. were (答案: B)但在英语句子中，有些特殊情况一定要处理好:1） 以alongwith，togetherwith，with，like, aswellas，no less than, accompaniedby，ratherthan，but，except连接的两个主语时，其谓语的单复数应以第一个主语为主。如: Severalpassengers，togetherwiththedriver，werehurt. Nooneexcept myparentsknowsanythingaboutit.The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.He as well as I wants to go boating.例题：(1) No one but her parents _ it.A. know B. knows C. is knowing D. are knowin (答案: B)(2) Alice, together with two boys, _ for having broken the rule.A. was punished B. punished C. were punished D. being punished (答案: A)2）表示时间、重量、长度、价格等的复数名词作主语，从整体来看时，谓语动词用单数。如:Fiftyyearsisnotalongtime. Fourthousanddollarsismorethanshecanafford.3）非谓语动词、从句或其它短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如: Earlytobedandearlytoriseishealthful. Howthebookwillselldependsontheauthor.例题：(1) What we need _ good textbooks.A. is B. are C. have D. has (答案：B)注意：由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，所指的具体内容若是复数意义，谓语动词一般用复数形式。(2)“All _ present and all _ going on well.” Our monitor said. A. is, is B. are, are C. are, is D. is, are (答案：C)4）如果主语是由and连接的两个单数名词，但前面有each，every，no等词修饰时，谓语用单数。如: Everyboyandgirlinthisregionistaughttoreadandwrite.例题Every boy and every girl _ to attend the evening party. A. wish B. wishes C. is like D. like (答案：B)2. 意义一致的原则意义一致的原则指谓语动词的单数或复数要取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面的语法标志。1) 某些集合名词后可跟单数动词也可跟复数动词。如果这些集合名词指整体概念，谓语用单数;如果指具体成员，谓语用复数。如:Thepopulationoftheearthisincreasingveryfast.Onethirdofthepopulationhereareworkers.类似这样的集合名词有:family，class，audience，committee，crowd，crew，group，party，population，team，public，council，village等。做这类题时一定要认真分析集合名词所指的是整体还是整体中的若干个人。例题：The police _ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A. is searching for B. were searching for C. are searching for D. were searching (答案： D) 2) 有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。A number of +名词复数+复数动词。The number of +名词复数+单数动词。A number of books have lent out.The majority of the students like English. 3) 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of, the rest of 等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词，代词保持一致。Most of his money is spent on books.Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.例题：The rest of the magazines _ within half an hour. A. is sold out was B. are sold out C. was sold out D. were sold out (答案： B)4) 在一些短语，如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。 Many a person has read the novel. More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.例题：(1)_ food is kept in his new cave. A. Large quantities of B. A great deal of C. A large number of D. Quite a few （答案：B）(2) Many a man _ come to help us. A. have B. has C. is D. are (答案：B)3.就近原则1).由there或here引起的主语，而且又不只是一个时，采取就近原则。如:There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.Hereisapen，afewenvelopesandsomepaperforyou.2).当 or, either or 与neither nor和notonly.butalso等连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。 Either you or she is to go.Notonlythemotherbutalsothechildrenwerehurt.综合练习1. Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used2.Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. isknown 3.All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. hasbeen D. were 4.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 5.A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. have offered C. are offered D. has offered6.When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 7.The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were；was B. was；was C. was ；wereD. were ； were 8._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth , is B. Two fifth , are C. Two fifths , is D. Two fifths , are9.This is one of the most interesting questions that _ asked. A. have B. has C. have been D. has been 10.Between the two rows of trees _ the teaching building. A. stand B. stands C. standing D. are 11.All that can be done_. A. has been done B. has done C. have doneD. were done 12.They each _ a new dictionary. A. has B. have C. is D. are 13.The singer and the dancer _ come to the m