中考动词短语复习.doc

中考动词短语复习动词短语是中考考查的一个热点，几乎每套题中都要设置2-3个考查动词短语的。从题设上看，主要有以下几种形式：1不同的动词，后面加上相同的小品词使用频率较高的这类动词有：call，cut，come，go，get，look，put，set，turn，take，pay，pick，make等。常见的介词或副词有：in，off，out，up，away，for，on，over，等。1）动词+away构成的短语有：throw away扔掉；put away把收拾好；give away捐赠，分发；carry away运走；runaway，潜逃；跑开；go away走开等。2）动词+for构成的短语有：answer for负责；provide for供养；call for提倡，要求；plan for打算，为计划；hope for希望，期待；ask for请求，寻找；需要；send for派人去请；go for努力获取；pay for偿还，赔偿；wait for等待；look for寻找等。3）动词+on构成的短语有：Try on试穿，试验；put on穿上，上演；have on穿着，戴着；pull on穿，戴；hold on不挂断，停止；carry on继续开展，坚持；keep on继续；go on继续；get on上(车、船)；come on赶快等。4）动词+over构成的短语有：come over过来；hand over移交；go over仔细检查，复习；get over克服，恢复；look over检查；think over仔细考虑；take over接受，接管；turn over翻转等。5）动词+up构成的短语有：bring up抚育，培养；call up召唤，打电话给；come up走进，上来；cut up切碎：fix up. 修理；give up放弃；go up上升，增长；grow up长大；look up尊敬；向上看；查寻；make up虚构；弥补，组成；put up举起，张贴，搭建；pick up捡起，(开车)接某人，偶然得到；set up建立，创(纪录)；send up发射；show up揭露，露面；turn up出现，把调高一点；take up占据，开始从事等。6）动词+out构成的短语有： go out出去，熄灭；look out留神，当心；walk out走出；set out出发，开始：put out扑灭，生产；give out发出，发表；hand out分发；pick out挑选：find out找出，发现；speak out大声地说出；turn out生产，打扫；get out出去，离开；work out计算出，解决，锻炼；carry out实现，执行；bring out出版，start out出发，动身等。2. 同一个动词。后面加上不同的小品词(即介词或副词) 常见的这些动词有：break，die，call，cut，come，get，go，look，put，set，turn，take，pay，pick，make等。1）break+介词副词的短语有：break down击败，摧毁；发生故障，(身体)垮掉；break out爆发；break through突破，突围；break off中断，突然停止；break up打碎；分解；驱散；break in打断；break into破门而人；break away突然离开；逃脱；脱离等。 2）bring+介词的短语有：bring about使发生；bring back拿回来，使恢复；bring down打倒，降低；bring in引进；bring out出版，生产；bring up培养，养育；bring over使相信，征服等。3）call+介词副词的短语有：call after以的名字命名；call back叫回，召回，使回忆起；call up征召入伍，给某人打电话，使想起；call on号召，拜访某人call in召集；call off取消等。4）come+介词副词的短语有：come in进来；come from；来自于；come about产生；come over过来：come out出来，出现；come by从旁经过；come up上来，走进；come across偶遇；come along发生，进步；come after跟着来；come back回来；come around恢复知觉；回来；come down下来，倒塌等。5）cut+介词的短语有： cut in插嘴，插入；cut across抄近路；cut back减少；cut off切断；cut up切碎，cut away砍掉；cut down砍倒，削减等等；cut out切掉，裁剪出，停止；cut throug通过，穿过等。6）get+介词副词的短语有：get about传播；走动；get through到达，做完，通过，度过，打通(电话)；get in进入，陷入；get on上车，进展，融洽相处；get off下车，下来；get across通过，被理解；get along进展，融洽相处；get away离开，脱身等。7）give+介词副词的短语有：give up放弃；give in屈服，投降；give away赠送，捐赠；泄漏；give over移交，交出，give off放出，发出，排出；give out分发，散发，放出(光，热)；give back归还等。8）go+介词副词的短语有：go ahead着手，开始(做)，进行；go along 进展，前进；go around到处走动；顺便访问；go away离去，走开；go beyond超过；go by过去，流逝；go down下降；go up上升；go for喜欢；go off离开，停止；go over复习，温习；go through经历，穿过等。9）1ook+介词副词的短语有：look after照顾，照料；look away把目光移开；1ook around环顾；look at看；look down朝下看；look for寻找；look into调查；look out当心；look through浏览，检查；等。10）take+介词/副词的短语有：take after 长相或举止像(某个长辈)；take away 拿走;使停学,使离开;使消失;减去；take off 脱下，(飞机等)升空,起飞，打折扣；take up占用；take a deep/ long breath 深吸一口气；take care 当心；take care of 照顾,料理。【考例】The plane _at three oclock in the afternoon. 广东省A. takes off B. takes away C. takes out D. takes down【解析】答案A。本题考查四个动词短语的区别。 题意为“飞机在下午三点钟起飞”。故应选A。take off是同定搭配，意为“脱下；起飞”等；而take away是“带走，拿走”的意思；take out意为“取出，拿出”；take down是“写下，记下”之意。11)turn+介词副词的短有：turn aboutround(使)向后转，回头，转身；turn against(使)反对(某人)；turn away转过脸去，拒绝；turn back往回走；turn down调低，关小，拒绝；turn in上缴，上交；turn into(使)变成；turn off关掉；turn on打开；rum out熄灭，生产；turn to求助于，转向；turn up调高，到达，出现等。12）put+介词副词的短语有：put aside把放在一边，积蓄；put back把放回原处；put down放下，镇压；put forward提出，建议；put in放进；put off迟，拖延；put on穿上，戴上，增加，上演，put out生产出，出版；put up举起，张贴等。13）begetbecome+过去分词形容词+介词的短语有：be dressed in穿着；be fond of爱好，喜爱；be lost in沉溺于；be located in位于；be addicted to沉溺于be used to习惯于；be curious about对好奇；be engaged in忙于，be glad to乐意；be convinced of确信，认识到；be aware of意识到；be worried about担心等。14）动词+副词+介词的短语有： add up to合计达；break away from从脱离开；come up with想出；catch up with赶上；get down to开始认真地做某事；go in for参加，追求；keep away from远离；keep up with跟上；date back to追溯到；put up with忍受，容忍；run out of用完；watch out for当心；look down upon瞧不起；go ahead with开始，着手；go along with一起去，同意；hold on to坚持等。卖完。只有D项符合题意。 短语动词的考察 如何区别动词短语与短语动词? 这里有一个便捷的方法可以检验，即看在定语从句中可不可以拆开，可以拆开的是动词短语，不能拆开的便是短语动词。请看下面的例句： (1) This is the girl who/whom I learn the news from.可以把这个句子改成：This is the girl from whom I learn the news . (2) This is the book that/ which you can refer to.可以改成 This is the book to which you can refer. 以上两句中，learn from 和refer to 中的介词 from 与 to 分别可移至关系代词 whom 与 which 之前，即定语从句中的先行词 the girl 与 the book 分别作了这两个介词的宾语，由此可以判定learn from 和refer to 是动词短语而非短语动词。 下面再看两个例句：（1）The baby whom you looked after yesterday was an orphan. 此句不能改成 ：The baby after whom you looked yesterday was an orphan. 因为如果把look after 拆开后已经不再具有“照看，照料”的意义了，由此可以判定 look after 是一个短语动词。 （2）The sports meet which you mention will be put off till next week. 此句不能改成：The sports meet off which you mention will be put off till next week. 因为如果把put off 拆开后已经不再具有“延期，推迟”的意义了，由此可以判定put off 是一个短语动词。1. 短语动词的分类(1)动词介词常见的有look for, look after, ask for, laugh at, hear of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如：We often listen to the radio.我们坚持听收音机。Look at the picture.请看这幅画。She looks after our children她照料我们的孩子。 (2)动词副词常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in,等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：He always get up early.他总是起得很早。Dont forget to put on your coat.不要忘记穿上大衣。Please wake me up at five.请在五点钟叫醒我。（3）动词副词介词ww常见的有 go on with, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：A doctor came up to me.医生走到我跟前。We must go on with the experiment.我们必须继续实验。 (4)动词名词介词常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：ww.zk5u.ecomPay attention to the teachers teaching. Dont talk to each other.注意听老师讲课，不要交谈。Her job is taking care of the patients.她的任务是照顾病人。(5)动词形容词 常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如：The prisoners were set free.犯人获释了。He cut it open.他把它割开了。（6）动词形容词 +介词Be used to习惯于，be afraid of害怕，be different from不同于，be fond of喜欢，be angry with生气He wasnt used to hard work.他不习惯艰苦的工作。What are you afraid of? 你怕什么？American football is different from the ordinary football.美国足球不同于一般足球。(7)动词名词常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如：The May 4th Movement took place in 1919.五四运动发生于一九一九年。 I make friends with a lot of people.我和许多人交朋友。2. 短语动词的辨析(1)be made in（在生产或制造），be made of(由组成或构成)(2)come down(下来;落)，come along(来；随同)，come to oneself(苏醒)，come true(实现)，come out(花开；发芽；出现；出来)，come over（过来；顺便来访），come in(进来)，come on(来吧；赶快), come up with(找到；提出)(3)do ones best(尽最大努力), do well in(在干得好), do ones homework(做作业)，do some reading(阅读)(4)fall asleep(入睡)，fall behind(落在.后面)，fall off(从掉下)，fall down(倒下；跌倒)(5)get down(下来；落下)，get on(上车)，get to(到达)，get up(起床)，get back(回来；取回)，get off(下来)，get on well with(与相处融洽)，get married(结婚)，get together(相聚)(6)give up(放弃)，givea hand(给与帮助)，give a concert(开音乐会)(7)go back(回去)，go on(继续)，go home(回家)，go to bed(睡觉)，go over(过一遍；仔细检查)，go out(外出；到外面)，go wrong(走错路)，go on doing(继续做某事)，go shopping(买东西)，go boating(去划船), go fishing(去钓鱼)，go hiking(去徒步旅行)，go skating(去滑冰)，go straight along(沿着一直往前走)(8)have a look(看一看), have a seat（坐下）, have supper（吃晚餐）, have a rest（休息）, have sports（进行体育活动）, have a cold（感冒）, have a cough（咳嗽）, have a good time（过得愉快）, have a headache（头痛），have a try(尝试）(9)loo