高考动词时态题解题思路点拨.doc

高考动词时态题解题思路点拨动词时态题是历年高考英语测试的重点语法项目，也是考生失分比较严重的题目。这主要是因为汉语中动词没有时态的变化，而英语的时态多达16种，常用的也有8种之多，且近几年高考试题在考查动词时态时，形式灵活多样，多体现在上下文语境中，且寓多个考点于一题，这样无形中增加了试题的难度，使得一些考生总感觉时态题不可捉摸，无规律可寻。要做好动词时态题，除了必须掌握各种时态的结构、含义和用法外，平时还要注重体会动词在具体语言环境中的使用。本文将结合最新高考试题，对高考时态题的命题角度做一剖析，并提出相应的应对策略，以帮助考生在复习及备考的过程中提高效率。一、慧眼识别标志词遇到时态题时首先寻找时间标志词，如果题干中有标志性的时间状语，则往往可以根据时间状语选择相应的时态。【考例】 So far this year we _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. （NMET 2008福建卷）A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen【解析】D。题干中的时间标志词so far是现在完成时的时间状语，故选用现在完成时。 Judy is going to marry the sailor she _ in Rome last year.（NMET 2008重庆卷） A. meets B. met C. has met D. would meet【解析】B。定语从句中出现了一般过去时的时间标志词last year，因此定语从句中应使用一般过去时。动词的时态一般都有其对应的时间状语，请同学们熟记下列8种常用时态所对应的时间状语。（1）一般现在时：often, always, usually, seldom, now, every day等。（2）一般过去时：then, yesterday, in the past, last week, after that, ago, in the following next few months， the other day（几天前）等。（3）现在进行时：now, right now, at present, at this moment, these days等。（4）过去进行时：then, at that time, at this time yesterday等。（5） 现在完成时： recently, lately, up to/till now, so far, in the past/last few months/ years, for +一段时间, since +一段时间等。（6）过去完成时：before, by the end of last month/years等（7）一般将来时：tomorrow, today, next week/month, in an hour, in the coming/following few weeks等。（8）过去将来时：the following month, the next week等。 （9）将来完成时：如：by the end of this year, by 8 oclock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time等【命题角度及对策】高考测试动词时态须与句中时间状语一致时，常在题干中加入具体情景，以测试考生对动词时态知识的实际运用能力。敏锐捕捉时间标志词，并结合具体的语境，选择出正确的动词时态，是解决此类问题的良策。二、主从时态须呼应如果所给题干是含有状语从句或宾语从句的主从复合句，可根据主从句时态呼应的原则选出正确的时态。【考例】 If their marketing plans succeed, they _ their sales by 20 percent. (NMET 2008全国II)A. will increase B. have been increasingC. have increased D. would be increasing【解析】A。这时一个含有条件状语从句的主从复合句，条件状语从句中使用了一般现在时，表达将来意义，主句中应使用一般将来时。 The moment I got home, I found I my jacket on the playground.( NMET 2008陕西卷)A. had left B. left C. have left D. was leaving【解析】A。I found后接宾语从句，由于主句动词使用了一般过去时，且宾语从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，应使用过去完成时。【命题角度及对策】近年来高考试题考查主从句的时态呼应时，常放在真实的并且符合实际的语境中进行考查。在根据主从句时态呼应原则解题时，要把握好以下几点：（1）在时间、条件等状语从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，一般过去时表示过去将来时，用现在完成时表示将来完成时。（2）正确认定主句动词及从句动词两个动作发生的先后时间，并认真体会命题者所给出的语境。（3）解答宾语从句与主句时态呼应题时，考生应熟知以下规则：主句动词为现在时，则从句动词可根据需要使用任何时态；主句动词为过去时，则从句动词须用恰当的过去的某种时态（表示客观真理时使用一般现在时）。三、瞻前顾后巧搭配英语中有很多固定搭配或特殊句式，使用的动词时态非常固定。如果题干构成某种固定搭配或特殊句式，则根据规则选用需要的时态。【考例】 How can I apply for an online course? Just fill out this form and we _ what we can do for you.（NMET 2007北京卷）A. see B. are seeing C. have seen D. will see【解析】D。祈使句（或名词词组）+ and (或or)简单句是并列句的一种固定句式，and（或or）后的简单句通常用将来时或用情态动词表示将来。 I _ along the street looking for a place to park my car when the accident _. （NMET 2006江苏卷）A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred 【解析】C。be doingwhen是一个固定句式，意思是“正在，这时（发生了另一件事）”，主句中使用过去进行时，从句中使用一般过去时；另外也可使用be about to dowhen或be on the point of doingwhen句式，意思是“正要做某事，这时”。【命题角度及对策】高考测试的热点倾向于be doing (about to do)when； no soonerthan； hardlywhen； It/This is/was the first(second) time以及对时态有特殊要求的固定句式。 在平时的英语学习中，同学们一定要夯实基础知识，熟记教材中出现的各种习惯搭配，这不仅有助于解单项填空题，而且对解完形填空和短文改错题也有帮助，还能在书面表达中增添色彩。四、细心体会辨语境近年来高考试题对时态语态考查的要求越来越高，设题趋向于不出现时间状语，而向情境化、实际化的方向发展。因此，细心体会所给语境，根据具体语境选择合适的时态是考生需要重点解决的问题。【考例】 Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?Yes, I did. You know, my brother _ in the match.（NMET 2008安徽卷）A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. had played 【解析】B。根据上下文语境可知，“我”看了昨天的比赛是因为“我弟弟当时正在参加比赛”，指当时正在发生的动作或状态应使用过去进行时。 The hotel wasnt particularly good, but I _ in many worse hotels.（NMET 2008北京卷）A. was staying B. stayed C. would stay D. had stayed 【解析】D。根据语境可知，那家旅馆不是特别好，但是“我”曾在很多更糟糕的旅馆住果。第一句中使用的是一般过去时，but引导的并列句的转折意味表明在这之前住过很多更糟糕的旅馆，应使用过去完成时。【命题角度及对策】近年来高考试题对时态考查的要求越来越高，大部分试题趋向情境化、实际化。对策是，捕捉信息，理解情境，综合运用，灵活答题。一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语； 表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 He usually goes to work at 7 oclock every morning. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China. 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考点三：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter 宾语从句， 从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 So long as he works hard, I dont mind when he finishes the experiment. 只要他努力工作， 我不介意他什么时候做完试验。 考点四：在the more the more (越越) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）We are having English class. The house is being built these days. The little boy is always making trouble. 考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。 Look out when you are crossing the street. Dont wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 考点二： 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。 Marry is leaving on Friday. 现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语： 考点一：for + 时间段；since + 时间点 They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. I have learned English for ten years. 考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, Has it stopped raining yet ? 考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。 in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等 考点四：表示“第几次做某事，”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 that” 后面跟现在完成时。 This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. That is the only book that he has written. 4一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when, 考点一：used to + do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to为不定式，后接动词原形。 be/become/get used to + doing，表示习惯于He used to smoke a lot. He has got used to getting up early. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。 He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise 5. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work. He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help. What were you doing at nine last night? The radio was being repaired when you called me. 6. 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用 ( before, after, by, up till ) There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000. By the end of last term we had finished the book. They finished earlier than we had expected. 考点一：用于hardly/scarcely.when; no sooner .than 句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me. I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow. No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. （注意主谓倒装） 考点二：表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。 That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather. It was 3 years since we had parted。 考点三：动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。 I had hoped that I could do the job. I had intended to see you but I was too busy. 7. 一般将来时 表示在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用，其表现形式多达5种。Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games in 2008. 考点一：一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中：We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes. （主句用一般将来时，从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。） 考点二：某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 考点三：“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。Use your head and you will find a way.考点四：“am (is, are) going to + 动词原形”，表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。 “am (is, are) about to + 动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作。 “am (is, are) to + 动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。They are to be married in this May. 8、将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。 Ill be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。 The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport. 9、将来完成时 表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。 考点一：常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. By the time you reach the station, the train will have left. By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。 The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school. 补充：从主从复合句入手 英语中两个无关联的简单句融合为一个主从复合句，其主句和从句在其意义上、前后逻辑上、修饰与被修饰关系上是有一定联系的。在部分主从复合句中主句的谓语动词的时态在某种程度上影响并制约从句谓语动词的时态。也就是说，主句和从句中的谓语动词不能各自为战，应协调统一、保持一致。根据参照时间点把所有时态分为两大类：现在的时态（一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般将来时）和过去的时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。而在绝大多数主从复合句中，其主句时态和从句时态是有规律可循的。 （一）宾语从句 若主句的时态为一般过去式，则从句谓语动词用相应过去的时态。例： Lucytoldherfatherthatshehadfinishedreadingthebook. 但若从句中体现的是客观事实、真理，则其时态不受主句影响。例： Theteachersaidthesunrisesintheeast. （二）时间状语从句 1.在时间状语从句中和条件状语从句中遵循“主将从现”原则，即若主句、从句中的谓语动词动作均发生在将来，则主句用一般将来时、从句用一般现在时替代将来的动作。例： I willtellhimthenewsassoonasIseehim 2.由when、before、after、until引导的时间状语从句，若主句、从句谓语动词动作均发生在过去，且这两个动词动作不同时发生。则先发出动作的动词用过去完成时，后发出动作的动词用一般过去时。例： Thetrainhadleftwhenhegottotherailwaystation. 3.由when、while、as引导的时间状语从句，若主句、从句谓语动词动作均发生在过去，且这两个动词动作同时发生。则延续性动词用过去进行时，非延续性动词用一般过去式；若两个动词均为延续性动词，则延续时间长的用过去进行时，延续时间短的用一般过去式。例： HewaswatchingTVwhenhisfathercameback. IlistenedtomusicasIwaswalking 4.由since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时、从句用一般过去式。例： Ihavelearnedmorethan3000EnglishwordssinceIwenttomiddleschool. 5.几种主从复合句特殊时态 1）It+willbe+段时间+before+句子（该句子用一般现在式） 2）It+is/hasbeen+段时间+since+句子（该句子用一般过去时） 3）It+be+点时间+when+句子（前后句子时态保持一致） 4）主+hadhardly+p.p+when+句子（该句子用一般过去式） 主+hadnosooner+p.p+than+句子（该句子用一般过去式） 5）主+had+p.p+其他+bythetime+句子（该句子用一般过去式） 6）主+will+have+p.p+其他+bythetime+句子（该句子用一般现在时） 7）Itisthefirsttimethat+句子（该句子时态用现在完成时） Itwasthefirsttimethat+句子（该句子时态用过去完成时） 8）Itis（high）timethat句子（该句子时态用一般过去时或谓语动词用should+动词原形） （三）定语从句 Itistheadjest+名词+句子（定语从句）该句子时态用现在完成时 Itwastheadjest+名词+句子（定语从句）该句子时态用过去完成时 总之，时态的分析方法很多，在日常教学中，只要善于归纳，勤于发现，我们是能找到规律，并能从其时态实质意义上理解的。 巩固性练习：（一）1. By the time you graduate from college, great changes _ in your hometown.A. will take place B. will be taken placeC. are going to take place D. will have taken place2. In this experiment, they are woken up several times during the night, and asked to report what they _.A. had just been dreaming B. are just dreamingC. have just been dreaming D. had just dreamt3. She _ to the office than she got down to writing the report for her manager.A. has no sooner got B. had hardly gotC. no sooner got D. had no sooner got4. I dropped in at your house at 5 pm yesterday, but you werent in.Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport.A. was waitingB. have been waitingC. am waitingD. had waited5. Dont tell him about his mothers illness until the college entrance examination _.A. was finishedB. has finishedC. will be finishedD. finished6. I knocked into a tree when I went to pick up my daughter from school. I suppose you _ too fast.A. are drivingB. were drivingC. droveD. had driven7. May I have a word with Anna?Sorry, she _ to her friend on the phone.A. is talking B. has talked C. talked D. talks8. Cold winters in Europe _ almost entirely by 2080 because of global warming.A. will have disappearedB. will be disappearingC. are disappearingD. have disappeared9. Learning a foreign language for practical use is no easy job because any one _ so rapidly to meet new needs.A. will changeB. is changingC. has changedD. is changed10.Will you please repeat your idea?Certainly. But I think it certain that you _ your attention.A. dont payB. hadnt paidC. werent paying D. arent paying11. Mary spent her university life in London, where she _ law for about four years.A. has been studyingB. has studiedC. is studyingD. studied12. Although the deadline for the meeting is coming, a lot of preparatory work _ to make everything go well.A. has still been expected to doB. will still expect to doC. is still expected to be doneD. had still been expected to be done13. The boys loss cost his father a sleepless night. He never thought his son _ computer games for a whole night.A. playedB. was playingC. had been playingD. would play14. How crowded the station is!Well, all flights _ because of the snowstorm, and many passengers can do nothing but take the train.A. had been canceledB. have been canceledC. were canceledD. are canceled15. Daddy is very fit. He _ five miles and hes not even out of breath now.A. has run B. had run C. runs D. is running16. The company going from bad to worse, the workers _ hardly enough to make a living.A. are paid B. are paying C. have paid D. paid17. Whats the weather like tomorrow, John?Well, I _ it, for the scenic pictures drew my attention as the weather forecast was going on.A. was missing B. will miss C. have missed D. missed18. I _ to help you but I was not able to spare any time. I _ a paper last night and Ill have to finish it today.A. wanted; have been writing B. have wanted; wroteC. had wanted; wrote D. had wanted; was writing19. My money _. Id better go to the bank to draw some of my savings in case I have none in hand.A. has run out B. is running outC. has been run out D. is running out of20. Are you glad that you come to Washington?Yes, indeed. I _ going to New York or Boston, but Ive never regretted my decisions.A. have considered B. am considering C. had considered D. was considering21. Beijing is worth visiting. I _ there with my parents during the holidays.I agree. I have been there twice.A. went B. have gone C. have been D. am going22. This is the third time I _ Hong Kong. The second time I _ here was on Christmas Day last year.A. have visited; came B. have visited; have comeC. visited; came D. visited; had come23. Did you write to Peter last month?No, but I _ him this June.A. will be seen B. will be seeingC. will have being seeing D. will have seen24. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _ to eat more fruits and vegetables.A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded25. I wonder how long you _ in Hawaii?Just for the weekend, then I had to attend a conference in Los Angels.A. will stay B. stayed C. have stayed D. were staying26. That morning Alice _ out _ the door opened and in came some strangers.A. was just about to go; while B. went; whenC. was just about to go; when D. was going; while27. In a room above the store, where a party _, some workers were busily setting the table.A. was to be held B. has been held C. will be held D. is being held28. The picture exhibition bored me to deathIf only I_ to itA. had not gone B. have not goneC. did not go D. can not have gone29. Jim, have you finished reading Harry Potter and Half-Blood Prince ?No. I _ my father on the farm all day yesterday.A. would help B. had helped C. was helping D. have been helping30. Is Tom still smoking?No. By next Saturday he _ for a whole month without smoking a single cigarette.A. will go B. will have gone C. goes D. has been going（二）( ) 1. Where is the morning paper? I _ for you at once.A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get( ) 2. _ a concert next Saturday?A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are( ) 3. If they come, we _ a meeting.A. have B. will have C. had D. would have( ) 4. If it _ tomorrow, well go roller-skating.A. isnt rain B. wont rain C. doesnt rain D. doesnt fine( ) 5. Tomorrow he _ a kite in the open air first, and then _ boating in the park.A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go( ) 6. There _ a birthday party this Sunday.A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be( ) 7. They _ an English evening next Sunday.A. are having B. are going to have C. will having D. is going to have( ) 8. Sorry, I cant open the door, for I the key to it.A. lost B. lose C. had lost D. have lost( ) 9. Its good to see you again, Agnes. This has been our first chance to visit since from Iran.A. you return B. you returned C. you have returned D. returning( ) 10. Did you expect Frank to come to the party? No, but I had hoped.A. him coming B. him to come C. that he comes D. that he would come( ) 11. Bob