专题1非谓语动词与with复合结构.doc

第9课时 非谓语动词与with复合结构单项填空第9课时 非谓语动词与with复合结构 1. Lydia doesnt feel like _ abroad. Her parents are old. (2011四川卷)4A. studyB. studyingC. studiedD. to study2. Simon made a big bamboo box _ the little sick bird till it could fly. (2011四川卷)A. keepB. keptC. keepingD. to keep3. _ an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous. (2011四川卷)A. OfferB. OfferingC. OfferedD. To offer4. More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced _ peoples concern over food safety. (2011重庆卷)A. to raise B. raisingC. to have raisedD. having raised非谓语动词【考点1】非谓语动词的逻辑主语_ around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. (2011辽宁卷)A. GatherB. To gatherC. Gathering D. To be gathering1. Its adj. for / of sb. to do sth.句型中的不定式的逻辑主语为“sb.”。2. 非谓语动词作状语时，他们的逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语。当非谓语动词的动作由句子主语发出时，非谓语动词用主动形式；当非谓语动词的动作是句子主语所承受的时，用过去分词或不定式、动词的ing形式的被动形式。3. 代词主格或名词的普通格 非谓语动词构成独立主格结构。非谓语动词逻辑主语为代词或名词。 【考点2】独立成分作状语_ you the truth, I feel like _ to bed now.A. Telling; going B. To tell; going C. Telling; to go D. To tell; to go 在英语中，少数的to do 短语，doing短语和done 短语已经当作插入语使用，此时，句子的主语在逻辑上与它们不存在主动或被动关系。(1)to tell you the truth 说实话needless to say 不用说to be honest/ frank 老实说，坦白说to be more exact 更确切地说to make things worse 更糟的是say that假设(2)generally/frankly/roughly speaking 一般说来/坦白说/粗略地说considering鉴于/考虑到judging by/from从来看，依据来判断supposing /suppose that假定providing that假定according to依据including包括owing to由于talking/speaking of 谈及(3)given考虑到provided that如果【考点3】非谓语动词的时态Claire had her luggage _ an hour before her plane left. (2011陕西卷)A. checkB. checking C. to checkD. checkedThe next thing he saw was smoke _ from behind the house. (2011全国新课标卷)A. roseB. rising C. to riseD. risen动词不定式一般表示在谓语动作之后的事情，要表示发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前的事情，须用不定式的完成式；动词的ing形式一般表示与谓语动词动作同时进行的动作，若要表示发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前的事情，须用动词的ing形式的完成式。【考点4】非谓语动词的句法功能1. 作主语、表语： 动名词表示一般性、经常性的动作。不定式表示一次性的动作。动名词、不定式作主语常用it作其形式主语，但no use, no good作表语时，真正主语常用动名词。2. 作宾语： (1)有些动词只跟动名词作宾语常用的这类动词有： mind, finish, enjoy, excuse, imagine, keep, practice, suggest, miss, consider, prevent, appreciate, advise, avoid, allow, admit, delay, escape, permit, forbid等。 (2)有些动词只跟不定式作宾语常用的这类动词有： want, wish, hope, expect, agree, decide, learn, pretend, ask, promise, plan, refuse, beg, demand, manage, offer, prepare, claim, struggle等。(3)remember, forget, regret后接动名词和不定式的区别：后接动名词表示先于谓语动词的动作；后接不定式表示后于谓语动词的动作。 (4)want, need, require和deserve后接动名词和不定式的用法：当它们后面所接的动词与句子的主语是动宾关系时，用动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式。(5)在try, stop, mean, go on, cant help后，用动名词和不定式所表达的含义不同，要注意：cant help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事；cant help (to) do sth. 不能帮助做某事3. 作宾语补足语： Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ of his own dreams. (2011重庆卷)A. reminding B. to remindC. reminded D. remindEven the best writers sometimes find themselves _ for words. (2011浙江卷)A. lose B. lost C. to loseD. having lost熟悉并掌握哪些动词或短语如advise, allow, like, wish, want, help等须接不定式作宾语补足语；哪些动词或短语如find, suggest, lead to等可接动词的ing形式作宾语补足语；哪些动词或短语如feel, see, watch, hear, have 等既可接动词的ing形式又可接过去分词作宾语补足语；何时用主动形式作宾语补足语，何时用被动形式或过去分词作宾语补足语，一般由非谓语动词与宾语的关系确定。 4. 作定语： On receiving a phone call from his wife _ she had a fall, Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from his office. (2011江西卷)A. says B. said C. sayingD. to sayTsinghua University, _ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. (2011福建卷)A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded(1) 注意非谓语动词的形式，不定式作定语一般用主动式，只有当不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语或宾语时，才用被动式；现在分词作定语表示主动意义，动作正在进行；过去分词一般表示被动、完成含义。 (2) 非谓语动词的位置：非谓语动词短语作定语时，都要放在所修饰的词之后；单个的动词的ing形式或过去分词作定语时，一般放在所修饰的词之前。不及物动词的不定式作定语，与修饰的名词构成动宾关系时，不及物动词后面的介词不能丢。5. 不定式与现在分词作结果状语的区别： 不定式、现在分词都能表示结果，其区别是：不定式一般表示出乎意料的结果，不定式前常用only修饰；而动词的ing形式表示自然或必然的结果。More highways have been built in China, _ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. (2011陕西卷) A. makingB. made C. to makeD. having made【考点5】不定式to的省略1. 动词see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, look at, listen to, let, have, make 接不定式作宾补时，不定式的to须省略，但句子变为被动语态时，不定式的to不能省略。2. why, would rather, had better, may as well, cannot (help / choose) but等后须跟省to的不定式。3. 介词but, except等前若有行为动词do, 其后常用省to的不定式作宾语；若没有行为动词do, 则用带to的不定式。4. 不定式作表语时，若主语中有行为动词do 的某一形式时，不定式的to可有可无。With 复合结构 With his mother _ him, he is getting on well with his work. A. help B. to helpC. helpingD. helpedIt was a pity that the famous painter died _ his painting unfinished. A. of B. fromC. out D. with本题考查with复合结构充当状语的用法，不是词组die of， die from和die out。with 复合结构在句中一般作状语和定语，常见形式有：1“with名词/代词介词短语”。The man was walking on the street, with a book under his arm. 2. “with名词/代词形容词”。He likes to sleep with the door open. 3. “with名词/代词副词”。The square looks more beautiful with all the lights on. 4. “with名词/代词名词”。He left home, with his wife a hopeless soul. 5. “with名词/代词done”。在此结构中，过去分词和宾语是被动关系，表示动作已经完成。With t