被动语态小结及练习.doc

被动语态小结及练习（1）英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。We study English. (主语We是动作study的执行者，是主动语态。）English is studied by us. (主语English是动作study的承受者，是被动语态。） （2）被动语态的构成被动语态由“bep.p.（及物动词的过去分词）”构成。(谓语必须是及物动词，只有及物动词才有宾语，有宾语被动语态才有主语。)（3）主动语态变被动语态的方法 把主动语态中的主语变为被动语态by的宾语。 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 把主动语态的谓语按“bep.p.” 结构变成相应的被动形式。We study English. English is studied by us. They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by them in the factory.Julia painted a picture.The picture was painted by Julia.（4）被动语态的用法 不知道动作的执行者是谁。 This watch is made in China. 这个表是中国制造的。 没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 More trees must be planted every year. 每年必须种很多树。 需要强调或突出动作的承受者。 The window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。 Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来越多的人说汉语。（强调汉语的使用广泛） 动作的发出者不是人。Many houses were washed away in the flood.在洪水中很多房子被冲走了。（5）各种时态的被动语态即“be的各种时态的被动语态”。现以build为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：am/is/arep.p. The building is built CBD office.一般过去时：was/werep.p. The building was built in 2010.一般将来时： will/shall bep.p. am/is/are going to+ be+ p.p. The building will be built next year. The building is going to be built next year.现在进行时：am/is/are beingp.p. The building is being built now.现在完成时：have/has beenp.p. The building has been built since 2010. 含有情态动词被动语态：情态动词bep.p. The students mustnt be given too much homework.禁止给学生留太多的作业。(6) 一些特殊结构的被动语态 主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语时，转换方法有两种： （a）把间接宾语转化为主语，保留直接宾语。(b) 把直接宾语转化为主语，保留间接宾语。此时，一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词to或for。常与to搭配的动词有give, pass, show, bring, take, post等。常与for搭配的动词有buy等。He gave me a book.间接宾语 直接宾语I was given a book by him. (间接宾语转化为主语)A book was given to me by him. (直接宾语a book转化为主语) 主动语态中省略了的to,被动语态一定要加上to。以下动词后接省略to的不定式作宾补 6个感官动词 4个“看” see watch notice observe 1个“听” hear 1个“手摸” feel 3个“使，让”动词 make have let 2个词组 look at listen to 1 个“help” 后可省可不省。 We often hear a girl sing in the next room. The girl is often heard to sing in the next room. to千万不能省 带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态 宾语加上宾补一起构成复合宾语。变为被动语态时，只把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，主动语态的宾补保留在原处，成为被动语态的主补。 I saw some boys playing football on the playground. 主动语态的宾补(现在分词) Some boys were seen playing football on the playground.被动语态的主补(现在分词) 短语动词变为被动语态 短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。 We should take good care of the children. The children should be taken good care of. (of不能丢) 主动结构表示被动意义(a) sell, open, write, ride, wash, wear , read, lock, cut, burn等词作不及物动词时，他们的主语为物，可用主动语态表示被动意义。The books sell well.The shop opens from 9 a.m. to 10 p.m.This kind of pen writes/runs very smoothly. (特指这种钢笔)The bike rides well.This kind of shirts washes well and wears long. （衬衫中的这种,主语是kind）The telegram reads as follows. 电文如下。Does this trunk lock？ 折纸皮箱上着锁码?The door wont lock. 这道门锁不上。The knife cuts well. 这把刀好使。The razor wont cut. 这把剃刀不好使。Fair burns. 火烧着了。Dry wood burns easily. 干木易烧。 (b) 以下按句型背 () look, sound, taste, smell, feel等系动词构成系表结构 School uniforms look good on us. It sounds good. It tastes nice. The cake smells delicious. His hands feel cold./ Silk feels soft.（以被摸东西为主语，feel为系动词，意思是“东西摸上去有某种感觉”）() be worth doing 中，doing表被动意义。The film is worth seeing.The book is worth reading.The boy isnt worth teaching.() want/need/require + doing= want/need/require to be done to be done 表示不定式的被动结构。 My bike needs repairing.= My bike needs to be repaired. 注：两个“发生” happen和 take place无被动。 What happened? Whats happening? 被动语态和系表结构的区别 被动语态表动作，系表结构表状态。The window is broken by my brother. (表动作) The window is broken. (表状态)This shop is closed at nine oclock. This shop is closed today.被动语态练习一一把下列主动语态变为被动语态：1We often use a recorder in our English class.2They will show a new film next week.3When did they build the house?4I saw the boy enter the room.5Will they show a new film next week?6Have they posted the letter yet?7We often see him help his classmate.8You must turn off the light before you go to bed9Who is repairing the bike?10The student should learn all the texts by heart.二选择填空：（ ）1. The reading room _ yesterday afternoon.A. cleaned B. is cleaned C. was cleaning D. was cleaned（ ）2. The workers were made _ ten hours a day.A. work B. to work C. working D. worked（ ）3. Food _ in a cool place in summer.A. must keep B. mustnt keep C. must be kept D. mustnt be kept（ ）4. His father _ to work in Hong Kong 3 years ago.A. sent B. was sent C. has sent D. has been sent（ ）5. The pen _ well.A. writes B. is written C. was written D. writing（ ）6. Great changes _ in the town since 1988.A. have taken place B. have been taken placeC. has taken place D. has been taken place（ ）7. Our compositions must _ next Monday.A. be hand in B. be handed in C. handed in D. be handing in（ ）8. The child will _ back to his parents next month.A. sent B. send C. be sent D. be sending（ ）9. _ his work _ yet?A. Have；been finished B. Has；been finishedC. Has；finished D. Have；finished（ ）10. The classroom _ nowA. is cleaning B. is being cleaningC. is being cleaned D. is cleaned被动语态练习二（中考版）选择填空：( ) 1. Hong Kong _ to be a good place for eating today.A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known( ) 2. The letter _ French. I cant read it. A. wrote in B. is written in C. wrote on D. is written on ( ) 3. - Do you plant trees in spring? -Yes, Many trees _ in our city every year. A. are planting B. are planted C. were planted( ) 4. When you leave the room, make sure the door _. A. was locked B. is locked C. will be locked D. should be locked( ) 5. As China grows stronger and stronger, Chinese _ in more and more schools out of our country. A. teaches B. is taught C. has taught D. was taught( ) 6. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, _ as “Peoples writer”. A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards( ) 7. -I want to be a doctor. -Doctors _ greatly in every part of the world, I think. A. need B. are needed C. are needing D. will need( ) 8. People in Korea _ bow when they meet for the first time. A. suppose to B. are suppose to C. are supposed to( ) 9.The road _ last year.A. builds B. built C. was built D. is built( ) 10. Last year, Li Hua, a college student, _ to work for the Olympic Games.A. is choosing B. is chosen C. was choosing D. was chosen( ) 11. We _ to close the windows before we left the lab.A. tell B. told C. are told D. were told( ) 12. The children _ to swim last month and they can swim very well now.A. are taught B. were taught C. have taught D. taught( ) 13. More than 100 workers _ from the Wangjialing Coal Mine in April this year. A. is saved B. are saved C. was saved D. were saved( ) 14. Its common knowledge that black tea _ in China more than 600 years ago. A. is invented B. was invented C. invents D. invented( ) 15. -Our environment is getting worse than before. -Youre right. But thanks to Earth Day, people have done more and more useful things to protect the earth since Earth Day _. A. is started B. was started C. has started ( ) 16. After the heros story _ on CCTV, many people are learning from him. A. reports B. reported C. was reporting D. was reported( ) 17. Can you tell me whom the play _ in 1998? A. was written by B. was written C. is written by D. is written( ) 18. Liu Xiang _ by his coach to train regularly.A. advised B. advises C. was advised D. be advised( ) 19. Do you know when the basketball _? A. is invented B. was invented C. has invented D. had invented( ) 20. -Those eggs of different colours are very beautiful. - Yes, they _ in Hangzhou. A. painted B. were painting C. were painted D. had painted( ) 21. I _ to get there before seven tomorrow, so Ill have to get up early. A. told B. have told C. will tell D. was told( ) 22. -Whos the little baby in the photo, Susan? -Its me. This photo _ ten years ago. A. takes B. is taken C. took D. was taken( ) 23. These photos _ on the Great Wall when I went to Beijing last summer. A. took B. is taken C. was taken D. were taken( ) 24. -What are on show in the museum? - Some photos _ by the children of Yushu, Qinghai. A. have been taken B. were taken C. are taken D. taken( ) 25. A Disneyland Park _ in Shanghai Pudong New area in the future.A. builds B. has built C. will build D. will be built( ) 26. The 16th Asian Games _ in Guangzhou in November, 2010.A. holds B. will hold C. was held D. will be held( ) 27. No conclusion _ before we complete this test. A. is made B. will be made C. has made( ) 28. -Do you have any problems if you _ this job? -Well, Im thinking about the working day. A. offer B. will offer C. are offered D. will be offered( ) 29. It is said that a new shopping mall _ in our city next year. A. will be built B. has built C. will build D. has been built( ) 30. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _ in our school in the next term. A. will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build( ) 31. It is reported that the Underground Line No.3 _ in our city in 2015. A. will build B. has built C. will be built D. has been built( ) 32. Mr. Green is very angry with you. He says you _ away if youre late again. A. are firing B. has been fired C. are going to fire D. will be fired( ) 33. If I _ five minutes, Ill get everything ready. A. will give B. be given C. am given D. was given( ) 34. If the question _ incorrectly, _ question will be given to you. A. is answered ; other B. answers ; other C. is answered ; another D. answers ; another( ) 35. I wont leave my office until my work _. A. finishes B. will finish C. is finished D. will be finished( ) 36. - I wont come to the party unless Sue _ too. -You mean if Sue comes youll come? A. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited( ) 37. -Can I go out to play basketball, Mom? -Sorry, my dear. Im afraid you have to stay at home if your bedroom _. A. is cleaned up B. isnt cleaned up C. will be cleaned D. cleans up( ) 38. -Can you sing this English song?-Of course, I can. It _ many times on the radio.A. taught B. has taught C. is taught D. has been taught( ) 39. Necessary action _ so that students can be safe at schools. A. can be taken B. must be taken C. may be taken D. might be taken( ) 40. -Doctor, it seems that you like to work with animals. -Yes, I think animals should _ as our friends.A .regard B. be regarded C. be regarding D. are regarded( ) 41. Youd better put the books here. They, with the dictionary, _ back where they were. A. should put B. could put C. can be put D. must be put( ) 42. Waste paper shouldnt _ everywhere. Its our duty to keep our city clean. A. be thrown B. throw C. is thrown D. are thrown( ) 43. -Its difficult for the village children to cross the river for school. -I think a bridge _ over the river. A. was built B. is being built C. has been built D. should be built( ) 44. -What should we do first if we want to develop our village? - A lot of new roads _, I think. A. must be built B. have to build C. must build D. have built( ) 45. -Do you believe there are aliens ? -Im afraid not. I dont think aliens _ in space. A. can find B. can be found C. can be founded D. cant be found( ) 46. Today the forest have almost gone, people must _ down too many trees. A. stop to cut B. stop from cutting C. be stopped to cut D. be stopped from cutting( ) 47. -The pollution problem here seems to get more and more serious. -Yes. Something _ with it. A. has done B. must be done C. is doing D. was done( ) 48. These books _ out of the reading room. you have to read them here. A. cant take B. must be taken C. can take D. mustnt be taken ( ) 49. The books must _ to the library on time. A. give back B. take C. be returned D. return ( ) 50. The old should _ in our country. A. take good care of B. be taken good care of C. are take good care of D. be take good care of( ) 51. The young man was