务文化有关项目管理词汇.doc

最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程： /（报名网址）务文化-有关项目管理的词汇Managing in the PresentPresent TensesFocus: time management and current problems facing a service company1. Management themesRead the following text and then discuss the questions below.Time management has become one of the key issues of the second half of the twentieth century. Managers, grappling with work pressures and deadlines, have come to recognise that time is a precious commodity to be saved, gained, and not wasted or lost. But if time is a commodity, how then can we best describe, measure and manage it?To describe and manage it, imagine a line that goes back to the beginnings of creation and continues into the mists of the future. And on that line are a number of significant marks-these separate the past from the present from the future. And within each time zone-past, present and future-we can differentiate periods of time from points of time. For example, the 1980s gave us a period of rapid economic growth; black Monday was a point of sudden financial catastrophe.How can this brief analysis help the international manager? Firstly, there is the link between past, present and future. In other words, historical performance should be a guide to the future, and the present ought to represent last years forecast. So change-that which normally differentiates any two periods on our continuum-can be seen as a gradual evolution rather than a dramatic revolution.Secondly, the use of a time-planning system, on which key points and periods are plotted, enables managers to organise their activities so that bottlenecks can be avoided and deadlines can be met. So stress, where the jobs to be done exceed the available time, can be reduced to an acceptable and productive level. 1.1 DiscussionDoes your organisation live in the present? Does it change with the times?Do you work in a stressful environment? Do you think that time management can reduce stress?2. ListeningYou are going to hear an extract from a meeting between Anna. Brian and Pete, the three partners of Softsys, a small company supplying business software. The company was established two years ago and after a period of rapid growth is trying to consolidate its market position.As you listen, make notes of the tasks that are agreed and note the partner who is going to do the task.Listening task(A=Anna; P=Pete; B=Brian)P: I think we all feel that things are getting a little out of control. Were pushing ourselves almost to breaking point and Im worried that somethings going to snap unless we take control of the situation.B: Exactly. We have to start managing the business-rather than letting it manage us. So what can we do about it?A: Well, the first thing we can do is to start planning. I mean up to now we have done everything by intuition, but Id like to know where we plan to be five years from now.B: Thats good-a long-term plan. OK, Pete, are you prepared to start working on it?P: I can make some notes and circulate them. Then we can discuss them.A: Good.P: Fine.A: Now what about roles? I mean I know that we each have got our own specialist functions within the organisation and that we also function pretty well as a team, but perhaps we need a leader.P: You mean like a managing director?B: Yes, but I thought our philosophy was to keep a flat management structure.A: Yes, I accept that we dont want to create a hierarchy, but I still think that it can help us if we choose a managing partner who has overall control.P: Yes, I really dont think that will harm the relationship between us and I agree that it can help us to run the company more efficiently.B: Well, I am not totally convinced, but Im willing to be persuaded. As you two are keen on the idea, why dont you prepare a paper about what the management structure would be and the functions of the managing partner?A: Well, Id like to have a go at that. Ill prepare some notes and circulate them. Then we can discuss them at our next meeting. If thats OK with you, Brian?P: Yeah, fine by me.B: Well, weve talked about planning and managing. Now, what about improving the organisation? I think we need to look at how we can organise ourselves better.A: Well, having a managing partner should help.B: Of course, but we need to look at our own roles, too.P: To identify areas of responsibility?B: Yes, first the areas where each of us has the main responsibility and then the areas where we are involved, but not primarily responsible. Take purchasing, for example. We need to buy in goods-everything from machines down to plugs. We buy in machines when a customer has placed an order and then we check cashflow and consult the others. But we buy the smaller items without any consultation.A: Oh, come on, we always discuss major purchases and the minor ones are made when we need to. We cant consult with each other for every bit of cable we buy.B: I know we cant. But thats exactly why we need one person with responsibility for authorising purchases. Then we can consistently check where we can get the best value for money by putting one person in charge. And that person can reconcile the purchases made against the invoices that come in. Its simply a matter of streamlining the system-which must be in everyones interest.A: So, what do you suggest?B: Well, I think we should each make a list of the major functions within the organisation. Weve talked about purchasing. Then theres sales and after-sales service.P: . and finance.B: Yes, and installation. Well, Id like to see one person with primary responsibility for each area, just as we said for purchasing. And the others may have secondary responsibility for that area. So, I propose that I draw up a list of the primary areas or activities that we need to carry out, and then at the next meeting we decide who will have the primary responsibility for each. Im sure itll streamline our business.A: So, where does that leave us?P: With some homework to do and some key issues to discuss at our next meeting. By the way, when are we meeting?A: Well, lets say that.1. 本课主题阅读下面这篇由一位“商业医生”撰写的文章并就列出的问题进行讨论。成功的起因精神分析家们通过深入病人的过去通常是病人的童年时代来给他们治病，试图以此帮助他们了解现在的感觉和行为。公司顾问们试图通过了解他们客户的历史和跟踪记录来找出失败的根源或成功的起因。从某些方面讲，公司顾问们的工作有时很简单，他们可以察看资产负债表和损益表来分析该公司的资产管理、盈利状况和费用控制情况。他们可以跟踪公司的历史，从开始盈利的头一件产品到现在的生产和服务规模。他们可以研究公司的组织结构、市场营销和人事制度，甚至工厂和办公室的布局等等。然而，要正确指出一个公司失败而另一个公司的原因常常并非易事。公司向外界寻求建议是因为从内部找不到答案。公司期冀咨询人员能运用其丰富的经验或许就是他（她）以前所诊断过的类似病例来为公司找出症结所在，开出使公司复苏的良方，进而为公司推荐一种新的自下而上方式以保证他们未来的健康发展和繁荣。1.1 讨论问题你们的公司是现代企业吗？它随着时代变化而变化吗？你的工作环境压力大吗？你认为很好地管理时间能减轻这种压力吗？生词与短语1grapple with 与搏斗，尽力解决e.g. Some one tried to poach our market manager; she grappled with her moral dilemma.有人企图挖走我们的市场主管，面对这种道德难题，她进行了激烈的思想斗争。2differentiate 加以区分3black Monday 黑色星期一，指1987年10月国际股票市场崩溃的日子。4catastrophe 大灾难，大祸e.g. The financial catastrophe initiated by the collapse of the stack market hit the country a deadly blow.由股市崩溃引发的金融灾难，使这个国家遭受了致命的打击。5continuum 连续时间6dramatic 戏剧性的7exceed 超过e.g. Supply exceeds demand. 供过于求2. 听力练习生词与短语intuition 直觉circulate 传阅philosophy 哲学，见解，观点，信条hierarchy 等级制度，统治集团，领导层 hierarchicalconvince 使确信，说服 convince sb. of sth.purchase 购置plug 插头cashflow 现金流量，收入现款额authorize 批准，准许，授权reconcile 调解，使一致 reconciliationinvoice 发票streamline 使合理化，使效率更高你将听到安娜、布赖恩和皮特之间一次会议的摘要，他们 是Softsys公司的三个合伙人。该公司是一家提供商业应用软件的小公司，两年前成立，经过一度快速增长后，打算巩固其市场位置。注解及样例1. out of control失去控制e.g. Measures must be taken to have the overheated economy cooled down. Otherwise, it would be out of control.如果再不采取果断措施给过热的经济降温，经济局面会失控。2. to snap断裂，垮掉e.g. The twigs snapped under the snow.雪把树枝压断了。Our manager works too hard. Im afraid she will snap suddenly.我们经理工作太认真，我真担心哪天她的身体会垮掉。3. intuition 直觉e.g. My intuition told me to keep this company as our supplier.直觉告诉我应当仍然以该公司为供货商。Ive got an intuition that something has gone wrong.凭直觉我感到出了问题。4. to circulate 传阅e.g. The report will be circulated to all members.该报告将在全体成员中传阅。5. to have a go at 跃跃欲试e.g. The sales manager recently in power itched to have a go at the East Asian market.新上任的销售经理跃跃欲试，要进军东亚市场。6. to convince 说服e.g. It took me a few weeks to convince my boss of the importance of training.我花了几个星期才说服老板培训的重要性。At last I felt convinced that I was again on the wrong track.我最后确信自己考虑问题的思路又错了。to persuade 说服，是指劝诱（induce）他人相信或去做某事e.g. he persuaded me to buy that huge 30-inch TV set.他劝我买了那台30寸的大电视。&大致说来，persuade与人的意志（will）或感情（feeling）相关，convince是与人的理智（reason）或理解力（understanding）相关。7. to authorise授权e.g. She has been authorized to sign the contract.她被授权签订合同。8. to reconcile 使相吻合，核对，调和e.g. He failed to reconcile statement with the fact.他难以作出符合事实的陈述。to reconcile a checkbook with a bank statement按银行结帐单核对支票薄。I cant reconcile the two extreme views.我无法调和这两种极端的观点。9. to streamline 精简，使更有效率e.g. The leadership had streamlined the plant organization. As a result, the output doubled and the overheads fell drastically as well.由于领导精简了工厂机构，不仅产量翻了一番，而且大大缩减了企业经营费用。10. to invoice 给开发票e.g. The seller may invoice the goods at $70 per ton.卖方可以每吨70美元开具该货的发票。Invoice us after the shipment.请在装船后给我公司开具发票。名词发票e.g. Enclosed is our invoice in triplicate for Art. No.1204.随函附上1204号货物的发票一式三份。11. in everybodys interest 符合大家的利益12. fine by me 我觉得没问题e.g. Is the newly bought cream OK with you?新买的雪花膏用着行吗？Yes, fine by me. 我觉得还不错。13. mailshot 邮寄广告听力译文：P：我想我们都感到有些控制不了局面了。我们都在尽力，快要坚持不住了。我担心，如果我们控制不住局面