淘宝店主交易管理系统的设计与实现毕业设计论文.doc

毕毕 业业 设设 计计( 论论 文文) 淘宝店主交易管理系统的设计与实现淘宝店主交易管理系统的设计与实现 论论文作者姓名：文作者姓名： 申申请请学位学位专业专业： ： 申申请请学位学位类别类别： ： 指指导导教教师师姓姓名名（ （职职称称） ）： ： 论论文提交日期：文提交日期： 淘宝店主交易管理系统的设计与实现淘宝店主交易管理系统的设计与实现 摘摘 要要 随着计算机及网络技术的飞速发展，internet 应用在全球范围内日益普及， 当今社会正快速向信息化社会前进，信息系统的作用也越来越大。在信息时代, 传统的管理方法必然被计算机为基础的信息管理所取代，因此根据淘宝店主交 易目前实际的管理情况开发一套淘宝店主交易管理系统是十分必要的。 淘宝店主交易管理系统主要采用了 asp+access 的 b/s 设计模式，通过网络 之间的数据交换来实现客户、商品、交易的管理和对客户、商品、交易统计工 作，从而提高淘宝店主在管理网店过程中的工作效率和质量。 系统分为基本资料模块，统计资料模块和系统功能模块，能够实现客户资 料、商品资料、交易资料的查询，添加，修改，删除和实现对客户、商品、交 易的统计等功能。本文详细介绍淘宝店主交易管理系统的功能需求，系统设计 和具体实现。最后简要介绍了系统的测试环节。 关键词关键词： b/s；电子商务；交易管理 the design and implementation of taobao storekeepers transaction management system abstract with the rapid development of computer network, the internet has been widely used around the world increasingly. when this society is marching into information era, the importance of information system is becoming greater and greater. the traditional shop management way can be replaced by online management system information, which is based on computer techniques. thus, according to current development of taobao system, it is necessary to design a taobao storekeepers transaction management system. this system is based on b/s model and asp+access techniques. by exchanging the data, it can implement the management functions of clients and commodities, as well as client and commodity statistic, which promote the exchanging efficiency and quality of the storekeepers. this system is divided into basic information module, statistic module and system function module, which includes the addition, revision, deletion of the client information, commodity information, exchanging information. this thesis describes the requirement analysis of this system , design and implementation in detail. finally, it introduces the testing process briefly. key words：b/s; electronic commerce; transaction management 目目 录录 论文总页数：27 页 1引言引言.1 1.1课题背景及意义 1 1.2国内外研究现状分析 1 1.3本课题的主要研究思路和方法 2 2系统设计相关原理系统设计相关原理.2 2.1b/s 模式 .2 2.2iis 简介 .2 2.3asp 技术介绍 .3 2.4sql 语句介绍 .3 3系统需求分析系统需求分析.4 3.1系统规格说明 4 3.1.1 系统的概述4 3.1.2 功能需求4 3.1.3 性能需求4 3.2功能结构的分析 4 3.3用户系统描述 5 4系统的设计与实现系统的设计与实现.5 4.1淘宝店主交易管理的功能结构 5 4.2系统流程图 6 4.3数据库设计 6 4.3.1 客户资料信息表.6 4.3.2 商品资料信息表7 4.3.3 交易资料信息表7 4.3.4 用户资料信息表7 4.4系统登录模块设计 8 4.5基本资料模块的设计与实现 9 4.5.1 客户资料9 4.5.2 商品资料11 4.5.3 交易资料12 4.6统计资料模块的设计与实现 13 4.6.1 客户统计13 4.6.2 商品统计16 4.6.3 交易统计17 4.7系统功能模块的设计与实现 19 5系统测试系统测试.20 5.1测试环境 20 5.2测试结果 20 5.3系统部分界面 22 结结 论论.24 参考文献参考文献.25 致致 谢谢.26 声声 明明.27 第 1 页 共 27 页 1 1 引言引言 1.11.1 课题背景课题背景及意义及意义 internet 是目前世界上最大的计算机互联网络，它遍布全球，将世界各地各 种规模的网络连接成一个整体。作为 internet 上一种先进的，易于被人们所接受 的信息检索手段，world wide web(简称 www)发展十分迅速，成为目前世界 上最大的信息资源宝库。据估计，目前 internet 上已有上亿个 web 站点，其内 容范围跨越了教育科研、文化事业、金融、商业、新闻出版、娱乐、体育等各 个领域。 淘宝网（）是国内领先的个人交易网上平台，由全球最佳 b2b 公司阿里巴巴公司投资 4.5 亿创办，致力于成就全球最大的个人交易网站。 淘宝网，顾名思义-没有淘不到的宝贝，没有卖不出宝贝。自 2003 年 5 月 10 日成立以来，淘宝网基于诚信为本的准则，从零做起，在短短的半年时间， 迅速占领了国内个人交易市场的领先位置，创造了互联网企业的一个发展奇迹， 真正成为有志于网上交易的个人的最佳网络创业平台。淘宝店主以很快的速度 增加，目前有些淘宝店主也借助 ms office 的 excel 管理客户，商品，交易信 息。但是，其缺点是：相当一部分淘宝店主无法自由地使用 excel 这一工具， 同时操作界面不够友好，功能极其简单。所以研发一个面向各个淘宝店主，使 他们更方便的管理自己的网上生意的系统很重要。 1.21.2 国内外研究现状国内外研究现状分析分析 电子商务的快速发展，使得人们开始思考网络从一诞生开始，就是为 了电子商务的发展。根据 cnnic 在 2006 年 7 月发布的中国互联网络发展状 况统计报告中指出：截止到 2006 年 6 月 30 日，中国的网民总人数为 12300 万人，与去年同期相比增加了 2000 万人，增长率为 19.4%，同 1997 年 10 月第 一次调查的 62 万网民人数相比，现在的网民人数已是当初的 198.4 倍。网民的 增长无疑给电子商务的发展带来了巨大的前景，26.9%的网民在使用网上购物， 而且这个数量将会持续增长。cnnic 在 2006 年 5 月 8 日在北京发布了2006 年中国 c2c 网上购物调查报告热点数据。数据显示，截至 2006 年 3 月，北 京、上海和广州三城市共有 c2c 网上购物消费者 200 万人，在网民中的渗透率 达到 16.2%。仅就上述三城市，调查显示 66.2%的人会向亲朋好友推荐 c2c 交 易，可见 c2c 行业发展将会以更加快捷的速度发展。 淘宝网（）是国内领先的个人交易网上平台，随着电子商 务的快速发展,，淘宝店主数量增多，虽然淘宝本身也给店主提供管理，但是还 是存在不方便地方和不利于商业机密。传统的网店管理软件侧重于与有限的商 第 2 页 共 27 页 品管理，不能满足全球经济一体化的要求。同时，几乎所有的网店管理软件都 不同程度的存在着这样的问题，店主难以获得所需的客户信息，交易信息。这 个行业的竞争进入已经进入到白热化的阶段，店主无法及时得到准确的最新经 营数据，这些零散的信息使得无法对客户需求有全面的了解，将导致客户的流 失，商品的销售下降。随着 internet 技术的飞速发展，静态网页应用转变为动 态网页应用，近年来 asp 应用更为电子商务迈进一大步，基于多层结构、中间 件、xml、web 应用技术使得电子商务又一次飞跃。电子商务大潮正在全球范围 内急速改变传统的商业模式，它触发了网店组织架构、工作流程的重组以及整 个社会管理思想的变革。重要的是，这一切的成本是那么低。另外，数据仓库、 商业智能、知识发现等技术的发展，使得收集、整理利用客户，商品，交易信 息的质量大大提高。此时，需要对面向客户，商品，交易的各项信息进行集成， 建立完整的数据库信息系统，组建一个以，客户，商品，交易，为中心并对其 统计的交易管理系统，实现对面向客户，商品，交易的全面管理，才能有利于 网店赢得新客户、保留老客户和提高商品利润的最大贡献度。 1.31.3本课题的主要研究思路和方法本课题的主要研究思路和方法 系统的开发要求采用 b/s 结构，进行淘宝店主交易管理系统的设计与开发。 因此，本设计首先分析该系统的相关功能，结合本设计的相关要求写出需求分 析；其次，综合运用以前所学的相关知识，选择所熟悉的开发工具 asp 进行本 设计的开发；在设计中以需求分析为基础，写出系统开发计划、实现流程及相 关问题的实现方法；最后，在系统开发完毕后，进行调试和运行，做好调试和 运行的相关记录。 2 2 系统设计相关原理系统设计相关原理 2.12.1b/sb/s 模式模式 目前，网络应用软件运行的模式主要有二类：client/server 模式， browser/web 模式。前者主要的缺点是维护、升级较麻烦，后者是近几年伴随 internet 迅速发展起来的一种技术，客户/服务器方式，客户端是一个标准的 浏览器，服务器端是 web server ，而 web server 与数据库和应用服务器的紧 密结合，使得这种模式的应用范围不断扩大，它已不仅仅用于网上查询，有很 多部门的业务系统、企业的 mis 系统纷纷采用这种模式，它的主要优点是便于 扩充应用、升级维护简便。 基于上述考虑，用 browser/web 模式来设计淘宝店主交易管理系统比较合 适，服务器端我们采用 access 数据库系统和 asp 组件来构成应用服务系统；客 户端采用浏览器来完成操作的全过程，同时可进行远程系统维护和管理。 第 3 页 共 27 页 2.22.2iisiis 简介简介 iis 是 internet 信息服务（internet information server）的缩写，它 是一种 web 服务，主要包括 www 服务器、ftp 服务器等，使得在 intranet（局 域网）或 internet（因特网）上发布信息成了一件很容易的事。www 服务提供 维护网站和网页，并回复基于浏览器的请求。有了 www 服务和它内置的功能， 通过 internet 信息服务器可以创建各种各样的 internet 应用程序，加上其内 置的对数据库连接的支持，iis 的功能就更强大了。sql 数据库信息或其他任何 符合 odbc 的数据库信息都能在 internet/intranet 上灵活应用。 2.32.3aspasp 技术介绍技术介绍 asp 全称为 active server pages，即动态服务器页面，它是一套微软开发 的服务器端脚本环境，asp 内含于 iis 3.0 以上版本中，通过 asp 我们可以结 合 html 网页、asp 指令建立动态、交互且高效的 web 服务器应用程序。asp 脚 本在服务器端解释执行，结果自动生成符合 html 语言的主页去响应用户的请求。 asp 目前已成为目前应用最广泛的动态网页开发工具，同时应用 asp 进行网络 化的信息管理系统也逐步得到推广。asp 本身并不是一种脚本语言，它只是提 供了一种使镶嵌在 html 页面中的脚本程序得以运行的环境。asp 程序其实是以 扩展名为.asp 的纯文本形式存在于 web 服务器上的，可以用任何文本编辑器打 开它。asp 程序中可以包含纯文本、html 标记以及脚本命令。用户只需将.asp 程序放在 web 服务器的虚拟目录下（该目录必须要有可执行权限），就可以通 过 www 的方式访问 asp 程序了。 2.42.4sqlsql 语句介绍语句介绍 sql 全称是“结构化查询语言(structured query language)”，最早的是 ibm 的圣约瑟研究实验室为其关系数据库管理系统 system r 开发的一种查询语 言，它的前身是 square 语言。sql 语言结构简洁，功能强大，简单易学，所以 自从 ibm 公司 1981 年推出以来，sql 语言，得到了广泛的应用。如今无论是像 oracle ,sybase,informix,sql server 这些大型的数据库管理系统，还是像 visual foxporo,powerbuilder 这些微机上常用的数据库开发系统，都支持 sql 语言作为查询语言。 structured query language 包含 4 个部分： 1数据查询语言 dql-data query language select 2据操纵语言 dql-data manipulation language insert, update, delete 3数据定义语言 dql-data definition language create, alter, drop 第 4 页 共 27 页 4数据控制语言 dql-data control language commit work, rollback work 3 3 系统需求分析系统需求分析 3.13.1系统规格说明系统规格说明 .1系统的概述系统的概述 本系统是 internet/intranet 环境下面向电子商务的淘宝店主交易管理系 统，通过企业管理技术、电子商务和信息技术的高度集成，帮助淘宝店主在全 球经济一体化的激烈市场竞争环境中，建立以客户，商品，交易为中心的管理 体系。有效管理网店与客户之间的关系，实现客户价值的最大化。从而提高网 店的核心竞争力。 “淘宝店主交易管理系统的设计与实现”包含基本资料，统计资料和系统 设置三部分。基本资料里包含了客户资料，商品资料，交易资料，分别可以实 现对他们的查询，添加，修改，删除等功能；统计资料里包含了对客户统计， 商品统计，交易统计，可以对客户，商品数量统计，对交易商品数量，金额统 计；系统设置包含了修改密码，添加用户，删除用户。 .2功能需求功能需求 淘宝店主实现对客户的管理：查询客户的详细信息，添加客户，修改客户 资料，删除客户；对商品的管理：查询商品的详细信息，添加商品，修改商品 资料，删除商品；对交易资料的管理：查询交易的详细信息，添加交易资料， 修改交易资料，删除交易资料。实现查看统计资料，对客户的统计：按年月统 计客户的数量并用统计图表现出来；对商品的统计：按商品总数量来统计，对 交易资料的统计：按商品交易数量统计并用统计图表现出来，按商品交易金额 统计并用统计图表现出来；淘宝店主在系统设置里实现对用户的添加，删除和 对密码的修改。 .3性能需求性能需求 1. 系统设计遵循标准化、通用化、模块化的原则； 2数据库运行稳定，执行速度快,数据安全性高； 3操作方便，人机界面友好； 4软件系统本身运行对计算机硬件平台和操作系统平台要求适中； 5代码具有良好的可读性，方便以后修改和功能扩充。 第 5 页 共 27 页 3.23.2功能结构的分析功能结构的分析 系统包含了基本资料，统计资料，系统设置三个大的模块，基本资料中又 包含了客户资料，商品资料，交易资料三个子模块；统计资料里也包含了客户 统计，商品统计，交易统计三个子模块；系统设置包含了修改密码，添加用户， 删除用户。 3.33.3用户系统描述用户系统描述 该系统是专门用于淘宝店主对客户资料的查询、添加、修改、删除；商品 资料的查询、添加、修改、删除；交易资料的查询、添加，修改、删除等。系 统还可以实时统计客户资料、商品资料、统计商品交易数量和金额，以及淘宝 店主进行系统管理等的 asp 应用程序。它应该具有开放性、方便性和灵活性。 淘宝店主进行有效的身份验证登录后进行操作。用户是淘宝店主。 4 4 系统的设计与实现系统的设计与实现 4.14.1淘宝店主交易管理的功能结构淘宝店主交易管理的功能结构 图 1 是淘宝店主交易管理的功能结构： 图 1 淘宝店主交易管理系统的结构图 基本资料统计资料系统设置 客 户 资 料 商 品 资 料 交 易 资 料 客 户 统 计 商 品 统 计 交 易 统 计 密 码 修 改 添 加 用 户 删 除 用 户 查询 添加 修改 删除 查询 添加 修改 删除 查询 添加 修改 删除 年 份 统 计 数 量 统 计 商 品 统 计 金 额 统 计 淘宝店主交易管理系统 第 6 页 共 27 页 4.24.2系统流程图系统流程图 图 2 淘宝店主交易管理系统的流程图 y n 开始 输入用户名密码 验证 通过验证？ 功能选择 操作 退出 4.34.3数据库设计数据库设计 系统中大部分显示信息都是从数据库中读取所需信息，而系统管理员则只 需通过修改数据库中的数据即可达到改变显示内容的目的，所以数据库在本系 统中作用，其重要性不言而喻。本设计根据系统需求分析，选用 access 2003 作为该系统的数据库。数据库取名为 data.mdb，其中包含了系统中所有的数据。 下面对一些关键表作详细说明。 4.3.1 客户资料信息表客户资料信息表 客户详细资料存储在数据库的 kuhu 表中，表名为 kehu。表中列名如表 1 所示： 表 1 客户资料信息表 第 7 页 共 27 页 4.3.2 商品资料信息表商品资料信息表 商品详细资料存储在数据库的表 shangpin 中，表名为 shangpin。表中列 名如表 2 所示： 表 2 商品资料信息表 4.3.3 交易资料信息表交易资料信息表 交易详细资料存储在数据库的表 jiaoyi 中，表名为 jiaoyi。表中列名如 表 3 所示： 表 3 交易资料信息表 4.3.4 用户资料信息表用户资料信息表 用户资料存储在数据库的表 yonghu 中，表名为 yonghu。表中列名如表 4 所示： 第 8 页 共 27 页 表 4 用户资料信息表 4.44.4 系统登录模块设计系统登录模块设计 该系统由淘宝店主通过用户名和密码登录进行操作，登录页面为 index.asp。 该页面主要由一些图片，文本框，以及登录按钮组成,用户在该页面填写的 用户名、密码等信息将提交给 index1.asp 页面进行处理。该页面代码首先判断 用户名、密码是否与数据库中 yonghu 表的用户密码相匹配，如果不匹配，就显 示提示用户用户名或密码有错然后返回此页。如果匹配就登录成功，跳转到系 统首页 main.asp。登录的检查代码如下： msgbox “对不起 用户名或密码有错“ location.href=“index.asp“ 第 9 页 共 27 页 location.href=“main.asp“ 详细设计是整个设计过程中，最重要的步骤之一。下面就分如下几个部分 对系统进行详细设计：(1)基本资料(2)统计资料(3)系统设置。系统登录后页面 main.asp。 4.54.5 基本资料模块的设计与实现基本资料模块的设计与实现 基本资料包含了客户资料、商品资料、交易资料三个子模块，每个子模块 都有资料查询、资料添加、资料修改、资料删除等基本功能。 4.5.1 客户资料客户资料 (1)客户资料查询的页面为 khzlcx.asp。页面由一些标签、文本框、表 格和提交按钮组成。客户的资料通过查找数据库中的 kehu 表调出显示在相应的 表格中,采用分页显示，每页显示 10 个客户资料，用户在搜索框中输入要查询 的客户名，点击提交按钮，然后将新信息提交给 kuzlcx1.asp 页面来处理。打 开数据库查找数据库中 kehu 表。如果表中存在所搜索的客户就把该客户的姓名、 地址，电话，email 显示在 kuzlcx1.asp 页面上。如果数据库 kuhu 表中没有该 客户存在，则显示“没有你要查询的客户”，返回 khzlcx.asp 页面。查询和分 页显示代码如下： “ data=“ for i=0 to rs.fields.count-1 data = data if i pursue you i will not catch you, and if i catch you-through your own slowness and clumsiness-i will not kill you, and if i kill you i will not eat you.“ nicholas had begun to back away, and at the last; words, realizing that they were a signal, he turned and began to run, splashing through the shallow water. ignacio ran after him, much helped by his longer legs, his hair flying behind his dark young face, his square teeth-each white as a bone and as big as nicholass thumbnail-showing like spectators who lined the railings of his lips. “dont run, nicholas,“ dr. island said with the voice of a wave. “it only makes him angry that you run.“ nicholas did not answer, but cut to his left, up the beach and among the trunks of the palms, sprinting all the way because he had no way of knowing ignacio was not right behind him, about to grab him by the neck. when he stopped it was in the thick jungle, among the boles of the hardwoods, where he leaned,.; out of breath, the thumping of his own heart the only . sound in an atmosphere silent and unwaked as earths long, prehuman day. for a time he listened for any sound ignacio might make searching for him; there was none. he drew a deep breath then and said, “well, thats over,“ expecting dr. island to answer from somewhere; there was only the green hush. the light was still bright and strong and nearly, shadowless, but some interior sense told him the day, was nearly over, and he noticed that such faint shades as he could see stretched long, horizontal distortions of their objects. he felt no hunger, but he had fasted be- fore and knew on which side of hunger he stood; he was not as strong as he had been only a day past, and by this time next day he would probably be unable to outrun ignacio. he should, he now realized, have eaten the monkey he had killed; but his stomach revolted at the thought of the raw flesh, and he did not know how he might build a fire, although ignacio seemed to have done so the night before. raw fish, even if he were able to catch a fish, would be as bad, or worse, than raw monkey; he remembered his effort to open a coconut-he had failed, but it was surely not impossible. his mind was hazy as to what a coconut might contain, but there had to be an edible core, because they were eaten in books. he decided to make a wide sweep through the jungle that would bring him back to the beach well away from ignacio; he had several times seen coconuts lying in the sand under the trees. he moved quietly, still a little afraid, trying to think of ways to open the coconut when he found it. he imagined himself standing before a large and raggedly faceted stone, holding the coconut in both hands. he raised it and smashed it down, but when it struck it was no longer a coconut but mayas head; he heard her nose cartilage break with a distinct, rubbery snap. her eyes, as blue as the sky above madhya pradesh, the sparkling blue sky of the egg, looked up at him, but he could no longer look into them, they retreated from his own, and it came to him quite suddenly that lucifer, in falling, must have fallen up, into the fires and the coldness of space, never again to see the warm blues and browns and greens of earth: 1 was watching satan fall as lightning from heaven. he had heard that on tape somewhere, but he could not remember where. he had read that on earth lightning did not come down from the clouds, but leaped up from the planetary surface toward them, never to return. “nicholas.“ he listened, but did not hear his name again. faintly water was babbling; had dr. island used that sound to speak to him? he walked toward it and found a little rill that threaded a way among the trees, and followed it. in a hundred steps it grew broader, slowed, and ended in a long blind pool under a dome of leaves. . diane was sitting on moss on the side opposite him; she looked up as she saw him, and smiled. “hello,“ he said. “hello, nicholas. i thought i heard you. i wasnt mistaken after all, was i?“ “i didnt think i said anything.“ he tested the dark water with his foot and found that it was very cold. 第 29 页 共 27 页 “you gave a little gasp, i fancy. i heard it, and i said to myself, thats nicholas, and i called you. then i thought i might be wrong, or that it might be ignacio.“ “ignacio was chasing me. maybe he still is, but h think hes probably given up by now.“ the girl nodded, looking into the dark waters of they pool, but did not seem to have heard him. he began to work his way around to her, climbing across the snakelike roots of the crowding trees. “why does ignacio want to kill me, diane?“ “sometimes he wants to kill me, too,“ the girl said. “but why?“ “i think hes a bit frightened of us. have you ever talked to him, nicholas?“ “today i did a little. he told me a story about a pet fish he used to have.“ “ignacio grew up all alone; did he tell you that? on= earth. on a plantation in brazil, way up the amazon -dr. island told me.“ “i thought it was crowded on earth.“ “the cities are crowded, and the countryside closes to the cities. but there are places where its emptie than it used to be. where ignacio was, there would have been red indian hunters two or three hundred years ago; when he was there, there wasnt anyone, just the machines. now he doesnt want to be looked at, doesnt want anyone around him.“ nicholas said slowly, “dr. island said lots of people wouldnt be sick if only there werent other people around all the time. remember that?“ a “only there. are other people around all the time; thats how the world is.“ “not in brazil, maybe,“ nicholas said. he was trying to remember something about brazil, but the only thing he could think of was a parrot singing in a straw hat from the comview cartoons; and then a turtle and a hedgehog that turned into armadillos for the love of god, montressor. he said, “why didnt he stay there?“ “did i tell you about the bird, nicholas?“ she had been not listening again. “what bird?“ “i have a bird. inside.“ she patted the flat stomach below her small breasts, and for a moment, nicholas thought she had really found food. “she sits in here. she has tangled a nest in my entrails, where she sits and tears at my breath with her beak. i look healthy to you, dont i? but inside im hollow and rotten and turning brown, dirt and old feathers, oozing away. her beak will break through soon.“ “okay.“ nicholas turned to go. “ive been drinking water here, trying to drown her. i think ive swallowed so much i couldnt stand up now if i tried, but she isnt even wet, and do you know something, nicholas? ive found out im not really me, im her.“ turning back nicholas asked, “when was the last time you had anything to eat?“ “i dont know. two, three days ago. ignacio gave me something.“ “im going to try to open a coconut. if i can ill bring you back some.“ when he reached the beach, nicholas turned and walked slowly back in the direction of the dead fire, this time along the rim of dampened sand between the sea and the palms. he was thinking about machines. there were hundreds of thousands, perhaps millions, of machines out beyond the belt, but few or none of the sophisticated servant robots of earth-those were luxuries. would ignacio, in brazil (whatever that was like), have had such luxuries? nicholas thought not; those robots were almost like people, and living with them would be like living with people. nicholas wished that he could speak brazilian. there had been the therapy robots at st. johns; nicholas had not liked them, and he did not think ignacio would have liked them either. if he had liked his therapy robot he probably would not have 第 30 页 共 27 页 had to be sent here. he thought of the chipped and rusted old machine that had cleaned the corridors-maya had called it corradora, but no one else ever called it any- f thing but hey! it could not (or at least did not) speak, 1 and nicholas doubted that it had emotions, except possibly a sort of love of cleanness that did not extend to its own person. “you will understand,“ someone was saying inside his head, “that motives of all sorts can be divided into two sorts.“ a doctor? a therapy robot? it did not matter. “extrinsic and intrinsic. an extrinsic motive has always some further end in view, and that end we call an intrinsic motive. thus when we have reduced motivation to intrinsic motivation we have reduced it to its simplest parts. take that machine over there.“ what machine? “freud would have said that it was fixated at the latter anal stage, perhaps due to the care its builders exercised in seeing that the dirt it collects is not released again. because of its fixation it is, as you see, obsessed with cleanliness and order; compulsive sweeping and scrubbing palliate its anxieties. it is a strength of freuds theory, and not a weakness, that it serves to explain many of the activities of machines as well as the acts