外文翻译--变速器油温的控制

附 录 A Transmission oil temperature control For people who buy the car, reliability and fuel efficiency is the second oftwoimportant price considerations. No doubt, for the new owner is concerned, the most terrifying thing on the way to remove car. In addition, owner and expect the car can try to durable. Meanwhile, due to current global fuel prices have risen to make owners pay more attention。 thefuelefficiency, and hope to try to reduce carbon emissions. Auto power transmission system includes an internal combustion engine, transmission and more than a gear than wheels. Engine torque and speed will be needed for the railway traction power and car in the transmission of conversion. In addition, the transmission can also control wheel rotation direction. Manual and automatic transmission speed generally fall into two. Automatic transmission can automatically control friction unit, selection of gear ratios and shift. Automatic transmission will adopt hydraulic oil to achieve lubrication and frozen effect, hydraulic oil is a very special liquid, can be in any severe conditions operation. Automatic transmission oil (the main function of ATF) from the motivation for: transferred engine torque converter power transmission device； Absorb the torque converter produces thermal and moved to the front of a frozen device； car As clutch friction of the coolest refrigerants, it can absorb and by clutch or take out meshing the heat energy produced； Through a complex hydraulic control system, the liquid pressure transmission to the system USES valve, servo machines, pump, clutch always pump, hydraulic pipe and pipe to control； As a planetary gears, bearings, servo machines, clutch and target group-exact marketing of lubricant and coolant. Automatic transmission oil in operating temperature (about 90 C / F) viscosity 195 is general very low. But if the oil temperature is too low (for example is 0 C / 30 F below), its viscosity will greatly increased, lead to a very high drag torque (dragtorque). As a result, gear meshing, it can cause is commonly synchronous devices of this couldnt cope with high torque force. If gear cant mesh or shift, car will not start. For this reason, cold start program will respond to the oil temperature and activated, to ensure that at least one gear can succeed mesh. Warm car driving car started after process when, unless required by obvious acceleration or dragged heavy objects (such as trailer), otherwise the hydraulic oil temperature will only slowly rising, but it also means drag torque will slowly rising. If the car is chronically high drag torque environment, synchronous devices will overload and damaged. In gearbox to add some loss, will shift some moved to higher speed valve and improve the quality of the gearbox lubricant, these all can accelerate the process of car warm up. Thus, engine, gearbox and catalyst can be quickly reach best operation temperature. The faster transmission is the optimum operating temperature, can be used to save fuel consumption and faster start the gear shift program. Gear shifting part through hydraulic or electronic is starting valve to control, these shifting unit start-up will significantly by the influence of the temperature of automatic transmission oil, reason is with the temperature and the viscosity will rise significantly, so the temperature can influence the degree of pressure and time characteristics. Once the automatic transmission oil gets hot, its temperature variation of amplitude will increase, so the shift when the set standard oil, must consider the problems about the oil temperature. Under high temperature operation, no doubt, automatic transmission oil very vulnerable to the influence of the temperature of cryogenic, but compared to the reaction of the reaction temperature, the much more. The process of automatic transmission will produce a lot of friction, and these will generate a lot of friction heat. Liquid will constantly stir in torque converter and pump in the mouth and current meters of hydraulic circuits. Whenever variable speed shift, clutch components will produce more than box of oil can take the heat. The transmission, the greater the load of the heat generated by then, box of oil will become more heat. General traditional transmission oil temperature can allow maximum temperature for 80 to 100 C or 175 F, and to 212 special transmission oil temperature can be as high as 110 to 130 F or 230 to 265. However, nowadays advanced automobile transmission oil temperature could be as high as 120 to 150 or 250 to 300 F, and for heavy trucks for example is 18 rounds of freight trains, if it in hot weather, the oil temperature under driving even to 170 C 160 F or 320 to 340. Such a high oil temperature can cause box of oil and variable speed component damage. Transmission oil working life, in the high temperature environment, the working life of the transmission oil can be reduced. Once the temperature above normal operation level (90 C / 195 F above), lubricants oxidation speed will increase, so the effective life be shortened. Based on the law 娒 designated, when the temperature above normal operation temperature 。12 C / 20 F, box of oil expected working life will be halved. Work surface wear, in addition to the outside, the influence of high temperature will also work on the surface of the transmission activities components threat. Reason is that when the temperature more and more high, was taken from the friction area, so the thermal and less chance of gear stuck will soar. When the temperature rose more than 175 C / 350 F, the steel and iron the hardness will decline. If we consider gear and clutch working surface temperature is usually higher than the oil temperature, we may expect gear with oil temperature the hardness of fallen, even if the oil temperature below 175 C / 350 F. Rubber seal and pipeline, rubber seal and coolant pipeline extremely sensitive to high oil temperature. When the rubber seal in high temperature would harden and become fragile, cause its working life and reliability drastically. When cars cant install a wired coolant pipes, we must adopt the PA12 plastic (amide 12 or nylon 12) made of coolant pipeline, this pipeline will torque device circulation output port and coolant connection. In high temperature ( C / 350 than 175 F) environment, plastic frozen pipe may buckling that box of oil to high and make coolant failure. ECU overheat, the electronic control unit (ECU) job is to monitor and control the operation of automatic transmission system. In some cases, ECU will be placed in the gearbox enclosure to try to use gearbox existing space, this means control unit will be automatic transmission oil with direct contact maintained for a long time. This configuration advantages including can send a link ECU, sensors and starter of wiring try to shorten； Reduce the number of plug and connectors； Reduce the noise and make between circuit shift position detection more accurate. If the transmission environment and coolant temperature is exorbitant, automobiles power and control electronics will not to operate properly so that its life shorten and appear damaged. Therefore, the transmission system of overheating situation to detect and proper even predict produced measures to reduce heat and/or improve overheating. For some extreme cases, the system must more accurately measuring temperature and the sensitive electronic components close to prevent control electronics were destroyed. Conclusion, in order to overcome the supervisory automatic transmission challenge, the temperature of LM71 national semiconductors special optimized for high temperature application, launched LM71A1. LM71A1 is a qualified SPI interface digital temperature sensor, its wide working temperature range (40 C C or to + 175 F 40 to 350), make the temperature monitoring can at the same time in cold start and overheating. This device is to provide, and ensure LuoPian form with faster to warm temperature response thus car process has better control. However, it is the biggest characteristic is available in high temperature (130 C or to 150 F) 165 to 300 and high resolution (LSB) 0.03125 under C/to extremely high accuracy, in order to under the environment of high temperature in extremely accurately sensor temperature. In order to maintain the box of oil in normal operation scope, and properly control valve and shift time and prevent part of degradation and damage, fast accurate temperature detection and indispensable. So, can obtain higher fuel efficiency and enhance the system reliability. LM71A1 can help designers design antiserums to transmission electronic control unit of high-performance thermal management system. 变速器油温的控制 对于购买汽车的人来说，可靠性及燃油效益是仅次于价格的两项重要考量因素。毫无疑问，对于新车主而言，最可怕的事情莫过于汽车在途中熄火。此外，车主也期望汽车能尽量经久耐用。与此同时，由于目前全球燃油价格不断上升，以使车主更加关注燃油效率，并希望能尽量减低二氧化碳的排放量 。汽车的动力传动系统包括有一个内燃机、一个多 齿轮 比 变速器 及车轮。 发动机 转矩及速度会因汽车所需的牵引动力而 在变速器中进行转换。此外，汽车的变速器还可控制车轮的转动方向。变速器一般分为手动及自动变速两种。自动变速可自动控制磨擦单元、齿轮比的选择及换档。 自动变速会采用液压油来达到润滑及冷冻的效果，液压油是一种非常特别的液体，可在任何恶劣的环境下运行。自动 变速箱 油 (ATF)的主要功能为： 把动力从发动机变矩器传送到动力传动装置 ； 吸收由变矩器产生的热力并转移到汽车前端的冷冻装置 ； 作为 离合器 磨擦的冷冻剂，它可吸收及散发由离合器或带啮合所产生的热能 ； 通过一个复杂的液压控制系统把液体压力传送开去，该系统采用汽门、伺服机、泵、离合器总泵、液压管路及管道来进行控制 ； 作为行星齿轮、轴承、伺服机、离合器和轴衬的润滑剂及冷冻剂。 自动变速箱油于工作温度下 (约 90C/195F) 的黏度一般都非常低。可是假如油温太低时 (例如是 0C/30F 以下 )，其粘 度便会大幅增加，导致产生非常高的曳力矩。结果，齿轮便难以啮合，原因是当中的同步器件一般都不能应付这般高的转矩力。假如齿轮不能啮合或换档，汽车便不能开动。基于这个原因，“ 冷起动 ” 程序会因应油温而被激活，以确保至少有一个齿轮能够成功啮合。 暖车过程 当汽车开始行驶后，除非需要明显加速或拖拉笨重的物体 (例如是拖车 )，否则液压油温只会慢慢地上升，而这也意味着曳力矩也会缓慢地上升。假如汽车长期处于高曳力矩的环境，同步器件便会超载并且受损。 在齿轮箱加入一些损耗、将换档点移到较高的转速汽门及提高齿轮箱润滑油的质量，这些 均可加快暖车的过程。由此，发动机、齿轮箱及催化剂便可更快地达到最佳的运作温度。变速器越快达到最优的工作温度，便可越快启动用于节省耗油量的齿轮换档程序。齿轮的换档组成部份是经由液压或电子起动汽门来控制，这些换档单元的起动会显著地受到温度的影响，原因是自动变速箱油的粘度会随着温度而显著地上升，因此温度可以影响施加压力的程度及时间特性。一旦自动变速箱油变热，其温度变化的幅度便会增大，因此当设定标准的换档油压时，必须考虑有关油温的问题。在高温下运行 ， 毫无疑问，自动变速箱油很容易受到温度的影响，但相比对低温的反应， 其对高温的反应要大得多。自动变速的过程会产生很多的磨擦，而这些磨擦会产生很多热力。液体会不断在变矩器中搅动并且被泵过测流口和液压电路。每当变速换档时，离合器组件会产生出超乎箱油所能带走的热力。变速器的负载越大，所产生的热力便越大，而箱油也会变得更热。一般的传统变速箱油温所能允许的最高温度为 80 到 100C 或 175 到 212F ，而特制的变速箱油温则可高达 110 到 130 或 230 到 265F 。然而，现如今先进的汽车的变速箱油温可能高达 120 到 150 或 250 到 300F ，而对于重型货车例如是 18 轮的货运 列车来说，假如在炎热天气下行驶，其油温甚至可高达 160到 170C 或 320到 340F 。如此高的油温会导致箱油及变速组件受损。变速箱油的工作寿命 ， 在高温的环境下，变速箱油的工作寿命会被缩短。一旦温度超出正常运作的水平(90C/195F 以上 )，润滑油的氧化速度便会增加，导致其有效寿命被缩短。基