外文翻译--列车制车系统比例阀测控试验台的设计与研究

Proportional valve control system of train car system test rig design and research Trains are proportional valve can make the vehicles braking rate not along with the change of load change, keep a constant, to reduce the train braking on the longitudinal impulse, avoid empty with the braking force is too large to wheels, brake shoe, holding in death of the wheels sliding on the rail abrasion wheel, and heavy car due to insufficient braking force cant park within the prescribed braking distance. Because trains are proportional valve importance related to the personal safety, the quality put forward higher requirements, therefore to train load proportional valve test is also put forward more requirements. According to the properties of the sense of train load proportional valve, proportional valve testing test-bed design studied. Finally after the actual test shows that the test high test precision, stable performance, loading and unloading test parts quickly and accurately, short test time, test results, high degree of visualization, historical data query is convenient, can be developed for train sense of proportional valve and provide reliable testing basis and on-line detection methods. Railway is the artery of national economy, it shoulders the heavy task of passenger and cargo transportation. With the rapid development of economic and social progress, the railway passenger traffic volume continues to grow, the transport capacity of railway system is higher and higher requirements are put forward. In this case, in addition to need to put more rail lines, increase the speed of train is a more effective way to solve the capacity shortage. On August 1, 2008, the beijing-tianjin inter-city railway opened to traffic operation formally, marks the advent of the era of high speed train in China, more and more high-speed rail line will be opened in the future. Systems hardware design including pneumatic, electric control system, hardware test-bed control system optimization, etc. First of all, based on the sense of train load proportional valve performance test requirements, puts forward the initial scheme of circuit design, clear the design idea and method； Then, through the analysis of the ratio of the initial plan for the further optimization to improve； Finally, equipped with a pressure transducer, data acquisition card, etc. Main control parts of electric control system, finally completed the train load proportional valve control systems hardware design. According to train main test indicators, load proportional valve test rig must be able to provide for train sense of proportional valve, therefore, in this paper, on the basis of initial design, through the further optimization and improvement of the performance to price ratio, the formation of the final construction scheme optimum pneumatic circuit. Sense of train load is proportional valve need fast charging, exhaust, solenoid valve work frequency is higher, so generally use the MAC valve company production balance type multi-purpose valve control valve (EP), EP valve pneumatic circuit. Within the dotted line 2 2 2 2 EP solenoid valve and valve (6) constitute a wind, relief valve, controlled by the master control system of computer, also can through the control panel buttons (1) backup systems, pneumatic systems). Manual control charging ball valve , the exhaust valve constitute the standby system 2 (manual). To be measured when the valve train are proportional valve charging and exhaust air, measured by a pressure transducer signal pressure and output electric signals, and transmit to computer into pressure value, at the same time terminal pressure gauge display air pressure value directly, convenient for observation. Air supply pressure gauge shows gas source pressure, pressure gauge for regulating the load control counter pressure and signal control counter pressure. Precision pressure regulating valve external in the combination at the inlet of the valve , reduce the combination valve inlet pressure fluctuations, stability into the gas chamber pressure, which significantly improve the stability of precision. Precision pressure regulating valve of the pressure regulating pressure is higher, the pressure difference, the greater the signal the faster and more steady wind pressure rise. But the precision of pressure regulating valve regulating pressure is too high, is not conducive to signal pressure drop, after many test, precision pressure of pressure regulating valve will be dispatched to 700 kpa, makes the high pressure difference is higher, to signal the wind pressure of the steady and rapid rise, at the same time to facilitate the signal pressure of low pressure drop. Gas load volume 1 l capacity can slow the pressure and output fluctuation. Three channel control mode (computer control of automatic test systems, panel button manually test system, switch valve manually test system), and better satisfy the requirement of the test bench work. Master control system working principle is: the solenoid valve to electricity, EP valve according to the braking instruction, train are proportional valve inflatable and exhaust. Through physical partition loss of electricity, the solenoid, prevent gas pipeline leak, achieve train sense of proportional valve pressure maintaining. Because Labview test software set frequency is higher, this circuit structure generally use the MAC valve company produces the balance type multi-purpose valve valve (EP) for measurement and control. Model: 120B-501BAAD、 140B-501BAAD, up to 50 Hz frequency, high sensitivity. EP valve only wiring for power supply and input signal, it can not only make the proportion of pressure, flow direction and flow control system constitutes a simple, but also facilitate a variety of awaiting approval. EP valve has the advantage of high accuracy, high sensitivity, high reliability, can realize precise control of pressure pipeline. However, if the control mode, load (gas bar, gas resistance, air volume) do not match, the control accuracy is not enough, EP valve leakage problems itself at the same time, the accuracy is within plus or minus 10 kpa fluctuations of 22, and ask for a plus or minus 2 kpa test-bed. In the experiment, signal pressure rise faster, but arrived at the signal pressure setting, due to the EP valve charge too quickly, make sense of train load proportion valve overcharge a drainage phenomenon is serious, as shown in figure 3.3. Signal pressure fluctuations is bigger, cant meet the stability requirement. At the same time because of high working frequency, frequent switch, easy to damage, and the price is a little bit higher, a EP valve price is in 6000 yuan of above. Solenoid valve is used to control fluid flow in the direction of the automation of basic components, belonging to the actuator； Is typically used for machinery and industrial control valve, to control the direction of medium, so as to achieve control of the valve switch. Electromagnet as the driver of the pilot valve, the performance of the entire element characteristics have important influence, both the steady-state accuracy and dynamic response performance, reliability and anti-interference ability or work all depends largely on the electromagnet. Improve electromagnet suction characteristics of comprehensive performance, without enlargement of pilot valve appearance size, improve valve commutation performance, electromagnet in the thrust to overcome in the process of reversing valve core movement of various resistance, decrease the consumed power of electromagnet, and energy saving, miniaturization, etc., is the goal of ascension solenoid valve performance. Electromagnetic valve selection should first of all, in turn, follow the safety, reliability, applicability and economy of the four principles, the second is based on the six aspects of site conditions (pipeline parameters and fluid parameters and pressure parameter, electrical parameter, action mode, special requirements to choose) 23 25. In the pneumatic circuit, using the four common electromagnetic valve, respectively control Cv2 mouth signal (Ps) and exhaust wind wind, Cv1 mouth always wind (Pin) charging and exhaust. Because of the Labview test software set frequency is higher, generally use the MAC valve the balance type multi-purpose valve for measurement and control valve (EP). Model: 120 b - 501 baad baad, 140 b - 140. Up to 50Hz frequency, sensitivity high, the price is relatively high. Ordinary electromagnetic valve price at 60 yuan/pairs, but ordinary cannot achieve EP solenoid valve high frequency movement, must carries on the corresponding modification. Measured by test computer send control commands to the solenoid valve work to 12 ms, drive time is too long, need to drive to 9 10 ms, drive for 11 hz frequency. Therefore, from the following two aspects in the design of drive time: To improve the original MOS tube + relay mode MOS tube drive systems；Solenoid valve. In order to achieve the rapid absorption of dc electromagnet, release, there are two types of driving mode: Hard drive (constant power driver) : Change the itinerary drives And every other disk Soft drive (power) : High pulse, high suction, the low level to maintain after absorption, high level. Japans Toyota rapier loom USES a high drive, low maintenance. Soft drive implementation requires extra equipment and cost, from the economic point of view, this design USES the hard drive mode transformation of electromagnetic valve hardware parts: (1) the valve port, from 2 mm to 1 mm, slow airflow； (2) reduce the drive frequency of the low pressure differential； (3) appropriate to reduce electromagnetic valve travel 0.2 mm； (4) solenoid valve armature in every disk, in order to reduce the electromagnetic valve is reset when the residual magnetism. Through alteration and electromagnetic valve control system, using EP valve solenoid valve replaced, and the precision of the modified can improve to plus or minus 2 kpa, but appeared the overcharge phenomenon, therefore, can be in in solenoid valve import and export, and 0.75 mm orifice, heat causes air currents to flat. Using four two two-way solenoid valve and a two of the 3-way magnet valve (instead of charging, relief valve, the control principle is as follows: 1, 2, DT DT control train sense of proportional valve pressure signal of wind, 3, 4, 5 DT, DT, DT control train load proportion valve outlet pressure； When 1 DT, DT 2 losing electricity, the realization of train load proportional valve signal wind aeration； In order to prevent the air flow is too big, appear signal wind overcharge phenomenon, in 1 DT back-end constant orifice plug placement, to slow the flow, to improve control accuracy； Signal charge occurred after the wind, through 2 DT exhaust, reduce signal atmosphere pressure； 3 DT control output pouring, 4 DT for the exhaust air outlet； 5 DT can realize signal in accordance with the requirements of the different wind air, but air flow instability, low control precision； On the basis of the original, to further optimize the gas path, place the 5 DT after 1 DT constant orifice plug, can achieve different requirements of charging, can also use the same constant orifice plug slow airflow, reduce the air pressure fluctuation, improve control accuracy. This test bench has been formed the final design scheme of pneumatic circuit. 列车制车系统比例阀测控试验台的设计与研究 火车是比例阀可以使汽车的制动率不随负载变化的变化 ,保持 a 恒定不变 ,减少列车制动纵向冲动 ,避免空的刹车力太大车轮、制动蹄、抱死车轮轨道平移砂 轮和重型汽车由于制动力不足不能把车停在规定的制动距离。因为火车是比例阀的重要性关系到个人安全 ,质量提出了更高的要求 ,因此对列车荷载比例阀测试也提出了更多的要求。根据属性的意义上的列车荷载比例阀 ,比例阀测试试验台的设计研究。最后 ,在实际的测试表明 ,该试验测试精度高 ,性能稳定 ,加载和卸载测试部分 ,快速、准确地测定时间短、测试结果、高程度的可视化、历史数据查询方便 ,可以发展为培训意义上的比例阀和提供可靠的试验依据和在线检测方法。 铁路是国民经济的大动脉 ,它肩负着沉重的任务的客货运输。随着中国经济的高速发展 ,和社会 的进步 ,铁路客运量不断增长 ,运输能力的铁路系统是更高和更高的要求提出的。在这种情况下 ,除了需要把更多的铁路 ,增加速度的列车是一个更有效的方法来解决产能不足。2008年 8月 1日 ,京津城际铁路通车运行正式 ,标志着时代的到来高速列车在中国 ,越来越多的高速铁路将于未来。 系统的硬件设计包括气动、电气控制系统、硬件试验台控制系统优化等。首先 ,根据意义上的列车荷载比例阀性能测试需求 ,提出了初始方案的电路设计 ,明确设计思想和方法 ,然后 ,通过分析比最初的计划进一步优化改善 ；最后 ,装有一个压力传感器、数据采集卡等。主要控制部 件的电气控制系统 ,最后完成了列车荷载比例阀控制系统的硬件设计。 根据列车的主要测试指标、负载比例阀试验台必须能够提供列车的感觉 ,因此 ,比例阀在本文的基础上 ,初步设计 ,通过进一步优化和改进的性能价格比 ,形成最终的施工方案优化气动回路。 意义上的列车荷载比例阀需要快速充电 ,排气 ,电磁阀工作频率比较高 ,所以一般使用MAC 阀公司生产平衡式多功能阀控制阀 (EP),EP 阀气动回路。在虚线 2 2 2 2 EP 电磁阀和阀(6)构成一个风、安全阀、控制的主控系统的计算机 ,也可以通过控制面板按钮 (1)备份系统 ,气动系统 )。手动 控制充电球阀 ,排气阀构成备用系统 2(手动 )。被测阀门火车是比例阀充电和排气 ,用一个压力传感器信号压力和输出电信号 ,传送到电脑到压力值 ,同时终端压力表显示空气压力值直接 ,便于观察。供气压力计显示气源压力 ,压力计调节负载控制计数器的压力和信号控制计数器的压力。精密调压阀外的组合在进口阀门 ,减少组合阀进口压力波动、稳定进入气室压力 ,大大提高精度的稳定性。精密调压阀压力调节压力增加 ,压差越大 ,信号的更快和更稳定的风压力上升。但精度的压力调节阀调节压力太高 ,不利于信号压力下降 ,经过多次试验 ,精密调压阀的压力将被派往 700 kpa,使高压差较高 ,信号风压力的稳定和快速上升 ,同时为了便于信号压力较低的压力降。气体负载体积 1 l 容量可以减缓压力和输出波动。 三个通道控制模式 (计算机控制的自动测试系统 ,面板按钮手动测试系统 ,开关阀手动测试系统 ),更好地满足需求的试验台工作。主控制系统的工作原理是 :电磁阀电 ,EP 阀根据制动指令 ,火车是比例阀充气和排气。通过物理分区失去电力 ,螺线管 ,防止气体管道泄漏 ,实现列车意义上的比例阀压力维持。 因为虚拟仪器测试软件设置频率较高 ,这种电路结构通常使用 MAC 阀公司生产的平衡式多功能阀阀 (EP)的 测量和控制。模型 :120 b - 501 baad,140 b - 501 baad,50赫兹频率、灵敏度高。 EP 阀只有连接电源和输入信号 ,它不仅可以使一部分压力 ,流向和流量控制系统构成简单 ,但也便于各种等待批准。 EP 阀的优点是精度高、灵敏度高、可靠性高 ,可实现精确控制压力管道。然而 ,如果控制模式、负载 (气杆、气体阻力、空气体积 )不匹配 ,控制精度不够 ,EP 阀泄漏问题本身同时 ,精度是在正负 10 kpa 的波动和 22号要求正负 2 kpa 试验台。在实验中 ,信号压力上升得更快 ,但到达信号压力设定 ,由于 EP 阀电荷太快 ,理解列车荷载比例阀超载一个排水现象严重 ,如图 3.3。信号压力波动较大 ,不能满足稳定性要求。