注射模具的介绍#中英文翻译#外文翻译匹配

- 1 - 毕业设计 (论文 )外文资料翻译 系 别： 机电信息系 专 业： 机械设计制造及其自动化 班 级： 姓 名： 学 号： 附 件： 1. 原文 ； 2. 译文 2013 年 03 月 - 2 - The introdution of the Injection Mold 1. Mold basic knowledge 1.1 Introduction There is a close relationship with all kinds of mold,which are refered to our daily production, and life in the use of the various tools and products, the large base of the machine tool, the body shell, the first embryo to a small screws, buttons, as well as various home appliances shell. Molds shape determine the shape of these products, molds precision and machining quality determine the quality of these products,too. Because of a variety of products, appearance, specifications and the different uses,mold devide into Die Casting into the mould, die forging, die-casting mould, Die, and so on other non - plastic molds, as well as plastic mold. In recent years, with the rapid development of the plastics industry, and GM and engineering plastics in areas such as strength and accuracy of the continuous enhancement , the scope of the application of plastic products have also constantly expanded, such as: household appliances, instrumentation, construction equipment, automotive, daily hardware, and many other fields, the proportion of plastic products is rapidly increasing. A rational design of plastic parts often can replace much more traditional metal pieces. The trend of industrial products and daily products plasticed is rising day after day. 1.2 Mold general definition In the industrial production， with the various press and the special instruments which installed in the press,it produces the required shape parts or products through pressure on the metal or non-metallic materials, this special instruments collectively call as the mold. 1.3 Mold general classification Mold can be divided into plastic and non - plastic mould: (1) Non-plastic mould: Die Casting, forging Die, Die, die-casting mould and so on. A. Die Casting - taps, pig iron platformB. Forging Die - car body C. Die - computer panel D. Die Casting Die - superalloy, cylinder body (2) For the production technology and production, the plastic mold are divided into different products: A. Injection molding die - TV casing, keyboard button (the most common application) B. Inflatable module - drink bottles C. Compression molding die - bakelite switches, scientific Ciwan dish D. Transfer molding die - IC products E. Extrusion die - of glue, plastic bags F. Hot forming die - transparent shell molding packaging G. Rotomoulding mode - Flexible toy doll. Injection Molding is the most popurlar method in plastics producing process. The method can be applied to all parts of thermoplastic and some of thermosetting plastics, the quantity of plastic production is much more than any other - 3 - forming method.Injection mold as one of the main toolsof injection molding processing,whosh production efficiency is low or high in the quality of precision、manufacturing cycle and the process of injection molding and so on,directly affect the quality of products, production, cost and product updates, at the same time it also determines the competitiveness of enterprises in the markets response capacity and speed. Injection Mold consists of a number of plate which mass with the various component parts. It divided into: A molding device (Die, punch)B positioning system (I. column I. sets) C fixtures (the word board, code-pit) D cooling system (carrying water hole) E thermostat system (heating tubes, the hotline) F-Road System (jack Tsui hole, flow slot, streaming Road Hole) G ejection system (Dingzhen, top stick). 1.4 Type of mold It can be divided into three categories according to gating system with the different type of mold :(1) intake die: Runner and gate at the partig line,it will strip together with products when in the open mode,it is the most simple of design, easy processing and lower costing.So more people operations by using large intake system. (2) small inlet die:It general stay in the products directly,but runner and gate are not at the partig line.Therefore,it should be design a multi-outlet parting line.And then it is more complex in the designing, more difficult in processing, generally chosing the small inlet die is depending on the products requirements. (3) hot runner die:It consists of heat gate, heat runner plate, temperature control box. Hot runner molds are two plate molds with a heated runner system inside one half of the mold. A hot runner system is divided into two parts: the manifold and the drops. The manifold has channels that convey the plastic on a single plane, parallel to the parting line, to a point above the cavity. The drops, situated perpendicular to the manifold, convey the plastic from the manifold to the part. The advantages of hot runner system ： (1)No outlet expected, no need processing, the whole process fully automated, save time and enhance the efficiency of the work. (2) small pressure loss. 2、 Injection Mold There are many rules for designing molds.These rules and standard practices are based on logic,past experience,convenience,and economy.For designing,mold making,and molding,it is usually of advantage to follow the rules.But occasionally,it may work out better if a rule is ignored and an alternative way is selected.In some texts,the most common rules are noted,but the designer will learn only from experience which way to go.The designer must ever be open to new ideas and methods,to new molding and mold material that may affect these rules.The process consists of feeding a plastic compound in powdered or granular form - 4 - from a hopper through metering and melting stages and then injecting it into a mold.Injection molding process: Mold is a production of plastic tool. It consists of several parts and this group contains forming cavities. When it injects molding, mold clamping in the injection molding machine, melting plastic is Injected forming cavities and cooling stereotypes in it, then it separate upper and lower die,it will push the production from the cavity in order to leave the mold through ejection system, finally mold close again and prepared the next injection. The entire process of injection is carried out of the cycle. An injection mold consists of at least two halves that are fastened to the two platens of the injection molding machine so that can be opened and closed.In the closed position,the product-forming surfaces of the two mold halves define the mold cavity into which the plastic melt is injected via the runner system and the gate.Cooling provisions in the mold provide for cooling and solidification of the molded product so that it can be subsequently ejected. For product ejection to occur,the mold must open.The shape of the molded product determines whether it can be ejected simply by opening the two mold halves or whether undercuts must be present.The design of a mold is dictated primarily by the shape of the product to be molded and the provisions necessary for product ejection.Injection-molded products can be classified as: 1).Products without undercuts. 2).products with external undercuts of lateral openings. 3).products with internal undercuts. 4).products with external and internal undercuts. 3.The composition of injection mold 3.1 Mold Cavity Space The mold cavity space is a shape inside the mold,when the molding material is forced into this space it will take on the shape of the cavity space.In injection molding the plastic is injected into the cavity space with high pressure,so the mold must be strong enough to resist the injection pressure without deforming. 3.2 Number of Cavities Many molds,particularly molds for larger products,ate built for only 1 cavity space,but many molds,especially large production molds,are built with 2 or more cavities.The reason for this is purely economical.It takes only little more time to inject several cavities than to inject one.Today,most multicavity molds are built with a preferred number of cavities:2,4,6,8,12,16,24,32,48,64,96,128.These numbers are selected because the cavities can be easily arranged in a rectangular pattern,which is easier for designing and dimensioning,for - 5 - manufacturing,and for symmetry around the center of the machine ,which is highly desirable to ensure equal clamping force for each cavity. 3.3 Cavity and Core By convention,the hollow portion of the cavity space is called the cavity.The matching,often raised portion of the cavity space is called the core.Most plastic products are cup-shaped.This does not mean that they look like a cup,but they do have an inside and an outside.The outside of the product is formed by the cavity, the inside by the core.Usually,the cavities are placed in the mold half that is mounted on the injection side,while the cores are placed in the moving half of the mold.The reason for this is that all injection molding machines provide an ejection mechanism on the moving platen and the products tend to shrink onto and cling to the core,from where they are then ejected.Most injection molding machines do not provide ejection mechanisms on the injection side. For moulds containing intricate impressions,and for multi-impression moulds, it is not satisfactory to attempt to machine the cavity and core plates from single blocks of steel as with integer moulds. The cavity and core give the molding its external and internal shapes respectively, the impression imparting the whole of the form to the molding. 3.4 The Parting Line To be able to produce a mold,we must have ta least two separate mold halves,with the cavity in one side and the core in the other.The separation between these plates is called the parting line,and designated P/L.Actually,this is a parting area or plane,but,by cinvention,in this intext it is referred to as a line. The parting surfaces of a mould are those portion of both mould plates, adjacent to the impressions, which butt together to form a seal and prevent the loss of plastic material from the impression.The parting line can have any shape, many moldings are required which have a parting line which lies on a non-planar or curved surface,but for ease of mold manufacturing,it is preferable to have it in one plane.The parting line is always at the widest circumference of the product,to make ejection of the product from the mold possible.With some shapes it may be necessary to offset the P/L,or to have it at an angle,but in any event it is best to have is so that itan be easily machined,and often ground, to ensure that it shuts off tightly when the mold is clamped during injection.If the parting line is poorly finished the plastic will escape,which shows up on the product as an unsightly sharp projection,which must then be removed;otherwise,the product could be unusable.There is even a danger that the plastic could squirt out of the mold and do personal danger. 3.5 Runners and Gates Now,we must add provisions for bringing the plastic into these cavity spaces.This must - 6 - be done with enough pressure so that the cavity spaces are filled completely before the plastic freezes(that is,cools so much that the plastic cannot flow anymore).The flow passages are the sprue,from wherethe machine nozzle contactss the mold,the runners,which distribute the plastic to the individual cavities, the wall of the runner channel must be smooth to prevent any restriction to flow. Also, as the runner has to be removed with the molding, there must be no machine marks left which would tend to retain the runner in the mould plate.And the gates which are small openings leading from the runner into the cavity space. The gate is a channel or orifice connecting the runner with the impression. It has a small cross-sectional area when compared with the rest of the feed system. The gate freezes soon after the impression is filled so that the injection plunger can be withdrawn without the probability of void being created in the molding by suck-back. 4. The injection molding machine process Injection Mold is installed in the injection molding machine, and its injection molding process is completed by the injection molding machine. Following is the injection molding machine process.The molding machine uses a vacuum to move the plastic from the dryer to its initial holding chamber. This chamber is actually a small hopper on the back of the barrel of the machine。 The barrel is where all the real work is done and its essentially a large screw housed in a heater which moves the plastic closer to the mold. As the screw turns, the plastic traverses the barrel and reaches a molten state. Only when its molten can it be injected into the mold with a rapid turn of the screw. As the chamber in front of the screw becomes filled, it forces the screw back, tripping a limit switch that activates a hydraulic cylinder that forces the screw forward and injects the fluid plastic into the closed mold. The gate freezes soon after the impression is filled so that the injection plunger can be withdrawn without the probability of void being created in the molding by suck-back. The tip of the barrel is called the nozzle and from this point to the cavity in the mold the material is not heated and is constantly cooling. The runner is the cooled/set plastic that extends from the nozzle to the cavity and is process scrap. Actually, the cooled material from the nozzle to the mold is the sprue but its connected to the runner. There are ways around having sprues and runners, but its beyond the scope of what were talking about here. Most people have probably seen runners before and not realized it. The most likely place to see them are in model airplane/car kits as the individual components are left attached to the runner system. Typically the runners are ejected into a chute below the mold or else they will be picked out of the mold by a robotic arm and dumped into a regrinder. The regrinder chops the runners into bits and prepares them to be moved back into the dryer. Though, once plastic has been heated, it degrades a bit and some molding processes will - 7 - not allow for regrind to be mixed back in with virgin material as it can cause problems with the final part. In cases like this the regrind is used elsewhere or it is discarded completely. Shrinkage plays a crucial role in molding and most plastic shrinks 20% as it cools. In order to combat this phenomenon in critical plastic pieces (not really toys) it is up the mold designer to build this factor into his design so that the finished parts will meet the original product design specifications. Ejector pins are part of the mold itself and are used to push the molded parts from the cavity once the mold is opened. This ejecting process is controlled by the molding machine. The molding cycle is basically close - shoot - open - eject. The mold is clamped into the machine with the front half remaining stationary (on the barrel side of the machine) and the back half being the movable half. Also on this movable half are the ejector pins that push the molded parts from the cavity. The parting surfaces of a mould are those portion of both mould plates, adjacent to the impressions, which butt together to form a seal and prevent the loss of plastic material from the impression.When all molds open up, the parts are stuck to the back half of the mold so that they can be ejected with the built-in pins. 注射模具的介绍 1.模具基本知识 1.1 引言 我们日常生产 、生活中所使用到的各种工具和产品，大到机床的底座、机身外壳，小到一个胚头螺丝、纽扣以及各种家用电器的外壳，无不与模具有着密切的关系。模具 - 8 - 的形状决定着这些产品的外形，模具的加工质量与精度也就决定着这些产品的质量。因为各种产品的材质、外观、规格及用途的不同，模具分为了铸造模、锻造模、压铸模、冲压模等非射胶模具，以及射胶模具。近年来，随着射料工业的飞速发展和通用与工程射料在强度和精度等方面的不断提高，射料制品的应用范围也在不断扩大，如：家用电器、仪器仪表，建筑器材，汽车工业、日用五金等众多领域，射料制品所占的比例 正迅猛增加。一个设计合理的射料件往往能代替多个传统金属件。工业产品和日用产品射料化的趋势不断上升。 1.2 模具的一般定义 在工业生产中，用各种压力机和装在压力机上的专用工具，通过压力把金属或非金属材料制出所需形状的零件或制品，这种专用工具统称为模具。 1.3 模具的一般分类 可分为射胶模具及非射胶模具：（ 1）非射胶模具有：铸造模、锻造模、冲压模、压铸模等。 A铸造模 水龙头、生铁平台 B锻造模 汽车身 C冲压模 计算机面板 D压铸模 超合金，汽缸体 （ 2）射胶模具根据生产工 艺和生产产品的不同又分为： A注射成型模 电视机外壳、键盘按钮（应用最普遍） B吹气模 饮料瓶 C压缩成型模 电木开关、科学瓷碗碟 D转移成型模 集成电路制品 E挤压成型模 胶水管、射胶袋 F热成型模 透明成型包装外壳 G旋转成型模 软胶洋娃娃玩具 注射成型是射料加工中最普遍采用的方法。该方法适用于全部热射性射料和部分热固性射料，制得的射料制品数量之大是其它成型方法望尘莫及的，作为注射成型加工的主要工具之一的注射模具，在质量精度、制造周期以及注射成型过程中的生产 效率等方面水平高低，直接影响产品的质量、产量、成本及产品的更新，同时也决定着企业在市场竞争中的反应能力和速度。 注射模具是由若干块钢板配合各种零件组成的，基本分为： A 成型装置（凹模，凸模） B 定位装置（导柱，导套） C 固定装置（工字板，码模坑） D 冷却系统（运水孔） E 恒温系统（加热管，发热线） F 流道系统（唧咀孔，流道槽，流道孔） G 顶出系统（顶针，顶棍） 1.4 模具的类型 根据浇注系统型制的不同可将模具分为三类 :（ 1）大水口模具：流道及浇口在分模线上，与产品在开模时一起脱模，设计最简单，容易加工，成本较低，所以较多人采用大水口系统作业。（ 2）细水口模具：流道及浇口不在分模线上，一般直接在产品上，所以要设计多一组水口分模线，设计较为复杂，加工较困难，一般要视产品要求而选用细水口系统。（ 3）热流道模具：主要由热浇口套，热浇道板，温控电箱构成。热流道模具是在一个半模有流道加热系统的两板式模具。热流道系统分成两个部分：分流板和喷嘴。分流板的通道将射料传送到一个和分型线平行平面，这个平面在型腔的上面。喷 - 9 - 嘴垂直于分流板安装，把射料 从分流板送进行腔。热流道系统的优势 :（ 1）无水口料，不需要后加工，使整个成型过程完全自动化，节省工作时间，提高工作 效率。（ 2）压力损耗小。 2注射模 设计模具有很多的规则。这些规则和标准的做法，都是基于逻辑，过往的经验，方便性，经济性。设计，模具制造，和成型，它通常的优势就是遵循规则。 但有时候，它可能会做出更好的，如果一项方法是被忽视和另一种方法被选择。在一些书中 ,最普通的规则都会一一列出 ,而设计者设计的东西也仅仅是跟着以往的 经验走而已。设计者应该研究出新的想法和方法 ,来进行新的成型和选择模具材料。 注射 工艺过程就是从给料斗送进粉状或粒状的射料混合物，经过定量区和熔化区，然后将其注射到模具型腔中。注射过程说明：模具是一种生产射料制品的工具。它由几组零件部分构成，这个组合内有成型模腔。注射时，模具装夹在注射机上，熔融射料被注入成型模腔内，并在腔内冷却定型，然后上下模分开，经由顶出系统将制品从模腔顶出离开模具，最后模具再闭合进行下一次注射，整个注射过程是循环进行的。 注射模至少是由装在注射机的两个压板上的两部分组成，以便可以开模和合模。在合模的时候 ,模具的两半部分形成的产品成型表面是由射料熔体通过浇口和热流道系 统注入模具型腔形成的。模具中冷却的原则是产品要在模具中冷却和凝固 ,以便随后可以脱模。 随着产品注射的完成 ,模具就必须开模。产品的形状决定着它是否由模具两部份简单地开模或由有侧向分型来开模。模具的设计是由产品的形状和产品开模的方式决定的。注射成型的产品可以分为以下几类 : 无侧抽芯的产品； 有侧向开口的外侧抽芯的产品； 有内侧抽芯的产品； 有外侧抽芯和内侧抽芯的产品。 3注射模具的组成 3.1 型腔空间 型腔空间是在模具中的一个形状 ,当注射的材料充满这个空间的时候 ,它就会呈现出和型腔空间一样的形状。在注射成型 时 ,射料是通过很高的压力注射入型腔空间的 ,所以模具必须要足够的坚固来抵抗注射的压力 ,以防变形。 3.2 型腔的数量 许多的模具，特别是较大产品的模具，仅仅只有一个模具型腔，但是也有许多的模具，特别是比较大型的模具，都会有 2 个或更多的型。究其原因就是它纯粹的经济性。 - 10 - 它仅仅是注入多个型腔比注入一个型腔多花了一点的时间。今天 ,大多数的模具型腔数量都是以这些数字为参考的 : 2,4,6,8,12,16,24,32,48,64,96,128。选择这