汽车零部件技术的发展与标准化外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译

             外文资料  the spare part technology of the automobile  The developing direction of the spare part technology of the current automobile has five characteristics, first, the universalization, second, module , third, intelligent, fourth, light quantization, fifth, environmental protection. These five " melt ", it is a demand for development of complying with the current automobile too, accord with high , automatic degree high , environmental protection and economic demand of short , dependability of design cycle with low costs. But in order to influence the degree that Hyundai Motor enterprise produce the mode to look directly, the universalization and module .  Universalization set up on the standardized basis, automobile variety , specification , quality , grade , demand of security of products that produce on a large scale want foundation of regarding standardizing as. The past is produced on a large scale, the products are standardized, market demand is unified , there is no quilt sectionalization. Since the eighties of the 20th century, with change of market demand, automobile manufacturing industry is it offer diversified products and meet service , individual character of demand to begin to consumer, therefore has caused the application of a series of new manufacturing technologies and administrative skills. The production mode of now is that diversification and products which made the rule replace the standard product simplified progressively . For example the traditional production assembly line can only produce the automobile of a kind of type , but flexibility of today produce assembly line, can at the same time online production several automobile of type, can also order according to the subdivision that the customer's demand decorate and dispose . However, no matter traditional production line or modern production line, standardization is a foundation of normal operation. Especially modern flexible production line , need stricter overall standardization, make up according to the various forms with the standardized part, can make up into many kinds of final products . These standardized parts have commonability , adopt such production mode, can both meet diversified demands and realize certain production scale , reduction of cost .  Universalization another foundation is the platform. World gets on the car big enterprises put out " the strategy of the platform " one after another now, in order to seek the diversification and low cost goal. The platform usually mean one have accurate datum require , have the same length , width and the same hanging the shelf , have the same chassis structure of wheelbase , can match various kinds of a optional one always succeeding and spare part, making up into a vehicle of different performance of different styles, says popularly , the same design of platform and assembling, only need to load onto a different outer cover from a kind of style to another kind of style , form the mode of the seriation products.  So, the foundation of spare part universalization of the automobile is standardization and platform. Automobile spare part universalization degree and platform share degree to be high, the higher either its standardized level is, this is the result of complementing each other.  Standardization is developed forward closelying linked, look from evolution of the automobile assembly line, the form of expression of the advanced form of standardization is the module at present. Module to is it put part together according to function of train to become always, form an intact function unit concentrated. The module resolve automobiles into dozens of pieces of big module , require spare part enterprises to participate in the designing in the initial stage when the completed car is developed , finish the a part development under the care of completed car factory and equipment work originally. Taking car water tank as an example, in fact the completed car factory should assemble the fan machine and pipeline on the water tank , then is it assemble at car to connect with air conditioner condenser, module water tank air conditioner condenser , fan machine and pipeline , in one yuan circuit all hookup the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches, the production line assembler of completed car factory only needs to install the module water tank . Look from this, to assemble original completed car part of factory work transfer spare part to to the enterprise module. In this way , have already simplify the production technological process of the completed car factory , has improved working efficiency, having reduced administrative expenses, has reduced the accessories supplier's quantity too, quality is more secure. No doubt, from designing, producing to assembling, without perfect unified standardization, the module will not be assembled to work out, or the function not reaching the requirement of institute. So, standardization is an identification which reflects enterprise's production advance.  The car gathers together openly February 23 , 2005  Relevant contents : Electronic " module " on Hyundai Motor   现时汽车零部件技术的发展方向有五个特点，一是通用化，二是模块化，三是智能化，四是轻量化，五是环保化。这五个 “ 化 ” ，也是顺应了现时汽车的发展要求，符合成本低、设计周期短、可靠 性高、自动化程度高、环保和经济的要求。但以直接影响现代汽车企业生产模式的程度看，还是通用化和模块化。  通用化建立在标准化的基础上，大规模生产的汽车产品的品种、规格、质量、等级和安全的要求都要以标准化为基础。过去的大规模生产，产品是标准化的，市场需求是统一的，没被细分化。从 20 世纪 80 年代开始，随着市场需求的变化，汽车制造业向消费者开始提供多样化的产品和满足个性要求的服务，由此引发了一系列新的制造技术和管理技术的应用。现今的生产模式是多样化和定制式的产品逐步代替了单一化的标准化产品。例如传统的生产装配 线只能生产一种型号的汽车，但今天的柔性生产装配线，可以同时在线生产几种型号的汽车，还可以根据客户的需求进行装饰及配置的细化订制。但是，不管传统的生产线还是现代的生产线，标准化是正常运作的基础。尤其是现代的柔性生产线，需要更加严格的全面的标准化，用标准化零件按多种形式进行组合，就能组合成多种最终产品。这些标准化零件就具有通用性，采取这样的生产模式，既可满足多样化的需求，又可实现一定的生产规模，降低成本。  通用化另一个基础是平台。现在国际上汽车大企业纷纷推出 “ 平台战略 ” ，以谋求多样化和低成本目标。通常这 种平台是指一套有精确的数据要求，具有相同的长度、宽度以及相同的悬架，具有相同的轴距的底盘结构，可以匹配各种可选择的总成和零部件，组合成不同款式不同性能的车辆，通俗地说，同一平台设计与装配，就是从一种车型到另一种车型只需装上一个不同的外壳，形成系列化产品的模式。  因此，汽车零部件通用化的基础是标准化和平台。汽车零部件通用化程度及平台共用程度越高，其标准化水平也越高，这是相辅相成的结果。  标准化是一环扣一环地向前发展的，从汽车装配线的发展过程上看，目前标准化高级形式的表现形式就是模块化。模块化是 将零件和总成按照车上的功能组合在一起，形成一个集中的完整的功能单元。模块化将汽车分解成几十个大的模块，要求零部件企业在整车开发的初期就参与到设计之中，完成一部分原来由整车厂负责的开发和组装工作。以轿车水箱为例，原来整车厂要将风扇机及管道装配在水箱上，然后与空调冷凝器连接一起装配在轿车上，模块化水箱就巳将空调冷凝器、风扇机及管道、线路全部联接在一块，整车厂生产线装配工人只需汽车零部件技术的发展与标准化  把模块化水箱安装上去就可以了。从这一点上看，模块化相对于把原来整车厂的部分组装工作转移到零部件企业中去。这样，既简化了整车厂的生产工艺流程 ，提高了工作效率，降低了管理费用，也减少了零配件供应商的数量，质量更加有保障。毫无疑问，从设计、生产到装配，如果没有完善的统一的标准化，模块做出来也会装配不上，或者达不到所要求的功能。因此，标准化也是体现企业产品生产先进性的标识。   Technical development of the automatic gear box of the present automobile  Automobile automatic gear box apply U.S.A. in common use to at the automobile of Mobile now already as far back as 1940, this is that liquid of structure of a tandem planet gear accuses of the gear box . When from more than 60 year today,change greatly already automobile gear box not automatic. This kind of change reflects in several following respects mainly.  First, automobile automatic gear box to develop, 5 shelf or 6 shelf automatic gear box replace 4 shelf automatic leading status of gear box progressively to many shelf location side. Shelf location make gear box have heavy speed ratio range and close shelf speed score of location mix more, thus improve the power of the automobile , economy of the fuel and changing shelves smooth-goingly. For example BMW 7 is or Audi A8 assemble 6 shelves of automatic gear boxes (ZF6H26 ) that ZF produced, it is a shelf 4.7 , 2 of shelves 2.34, 3 shelves 1.52, 4 of shelves and 1.14, 5 shelves 0.87, 6 of shelves 0.69 that the tooth is counted than separately. Some fund 3.0 rise grades of 4 shelf automatic gear box gear wheel of car than 1 shelf 2.78 , 2 shelf 1.54 , 3 shelf 1.00 , 4 shelf 0.69 separately. The two contrast, ZF6 shelf automatic gear box have heavy speed ratio and little speed worse than grade obviously, so more smooth-going while changing speed. But shelf location mean gear box to be complicated more , carry out the component and figure of gear wheel can increase thereupon, not only cost-push, volume and weight will increase, can increase power difficulty that transmission assign also as to front drive automobile. So for narrow volume and lighten weight, is it adopt compactness is it design to take to want, simplify the inside structure, introduce the electronic control system , adopt the light quality material . For example ZF6H26 gear box designs and designs on the basis of a kind of gear wheel which is called Lepetler, makes the gear wheel between 6 pieces of shelf location greatly reduce, having simplified the inside structure, the weight of the gear wheel has been reduced by 11 kilograms. Operate interface change into line accuse of technology , handle and change the shelf by electronic information entirely. Make the shell of oil bottom and aluminium alloy gear box case body with the plastic material, lighten weight further.  Adopt how electromagnetic valve way control and change the shelf , obviously improve and change the quality of the shelf. Automatic execution device of gear box in the past only one or two electromagnetic valve, now for a lot of electromagnetic valve a lot of automatic gear box. Change shelf electromagnetic valve increase of quantity is it change shelf electromagnetic valve fetch door between oil pressure and speed oil pressure hoist or lower control of shelf to D shelf location for solar terms totally to make especially. Various kinds of new electromagnetic valves appear in succession on the gear box, the electromagnetic valve when such as being straight, pour the electromagnetic valve of shelf, torsion change electromagnetic valve , torsion buffer electromagnetic valve , lower shelf electromagnetic valve ,etc. is it make automatically controlled system span of control in gear box expand further to emerge in a large amount by force. Now, to change shelf electromagnetic valve responsible for to D shelf , manual mode , control to change shelf totally some gear box, known as the whole electron and control the automatic gear box . Fuzzy establishment of control technology make gear box computer all right study , driving , simulation of driver used to it, revise the order of controlling automatically , make the automobile reflect and humanize further. For example in the automatic gear box of ZF6 shelf , realize changing the shelf for the pressure of the control system, modulate the electromagnetic valve, electromagnetic valve ,etc. of a variable strength (VFS ) after setting up 6 pieces of pulse width with high flow characteristic. Have also added one Adaptive Shift Strategy by name in the central computer (self-adaptation type changes the shelf), this system collects the data of driving a vehicle constantly, for example shelf person , go state , driver is it used to to drive , learn simulation and set up relevant forms of driving a vehicle through the gear box computer, meet driver's demands with the best result.  Third, through transforming the oil pump, optimizing the control system of the hydraulic pressure to improve the transmission efficiency of the gear box. The automatic gear box is changed square device , oil pump and mechanical gear wheel transmission organization to make up by hydraulic mainly on the structure. Because hydraulic changes the square device to make pump wheel , the turbine and guide pulley work through hydraulic, oil pump can turn round consumed energy, change shelf carry out component friction can consumed energy, make the transmission efficiency of the automatic gear box lower than the manual gear box , so it is will be higher than the manual gear box either to consume the oil. Adopting the automatically controlled technology of the modern control theory, the mechanical efficiency of the automatic gear box has already been improved greatly . Through reduce axial and radial of oil pump is it raise the efficiency of the oil pump to leak, is it is it improve to go on to design to whole oil pump system at the same time , can improve oil pump transmission efficiency at the high rotational speed further.  In addition, design through organization's type diversification of the transmission, the design of the structure detail is improved, rank more star gear wheels and make the organization up , optimize the characteristic parameter of the gear wheel and support such technology as the structure ,etc. to improve, automatic gear box for significant development , but from watch automatic transmission efficiency of gear box compared with manual gear box for nearly 10% disparity wholly technology of today.  The car gathers together openly April 12 , 2003 汽车自动变速器早在 1940 年已经应用在美国通用的奥兹莫比尔汽车上，这是一台串联式行星齿轮结构的液控变速器。时距 60 多年的今天，汽车自动变速器已经发生了重大的变化。这种变化主要体现在以下几个方面。  一