外文翻译-高层建筑设计与城市空间

High building design and city spaceBrief introduction: Construct along with the key figures technical and quick development, key figures building have already become the city space in indispensability of chemical element, become a bright scenery of the city, however key figures building and city space of fusion exist some blemishes still.Key word: Architectural design Urban planning Square OverheadKey figures the building form at ancient times already have, the ancient Babylon of more than 500 years has ever constructed to allege now as early as A.D. ago air garden of one of the seven greatest miracles in the world, according to jot down, its form was very of gorgeous grand view, place and can be said to be an unique in any space beautiful scenery.Modern age along with technical development of science, is the emergence of the steel, elevator particularly and afterwards the application of the reinforced concrete, developed to create the unprecedented opportunity for the high building, key figures the building also becomes the city space in a special scenery, among them with the high building of the United States develop most for stimulate, such as the family insurance mansion of Chicago of 1885 drive generally accepted construct for the first day of it , but the area of Manhattan of New York is also a high building to swarm about;In recent years the key figures of the our country the building also develops quickly, as above the luxuriant mansion 88 layers of the gold of the sea, high 420.5 meters.Along with the structure theories and technical developments, key figures the building structure form is tend in diversification, the architectural manifestation of key figures is also varied, but immediately the irregularity bring also more and more performances come out, at the time of becoming the city scenery how melt an important mission that becomes the high building design into the city space fittingly, is also a kind of principle that make high building design tend pursue in the perfect.The city space is mankind life and produce need of important factor, it for the possibility that the residents provide various activity.This can be treated as more science definition of the city space, and the city space that this text speak of then more in a specific way and more image, building, road in a city, greenly, square, the public service facilities etc. entity and stereoscopic space constitute by these entities, also is person therein the ability is true and keeps the impressions to be subjected to of space.The building of the key figures whether with is mutually agreeable the city space of the place, it evaluate standard equal a part be decided by public of feeling, say in brief to is a person to be placed in the feeling in the space create;So a building design wants to consider well to give the space( is an inner part or an exterior regardless) that the creation come out while carry on high building design the feeling of the user.These request the factor that a building design teacher consider theoretically also is be should an architect undertake of responsibility, and can also evaluate design ability and levels and its occupation morals of an architect on these grounds.In fact while carry on a high building design, developing the company to is order about by benefits usually will not consider the relation between building and environment, at this time, the programming section will play to emphasize the important person color various ruling policy and norms of a pedestal, its constrained request must have regard for the city environment, constructing the comfortable city space.Can see, the high building design and the coordination of the city spaces and the construction of the city spaces are common functions that passes the both side to complete of, namely building design and programming.Underneath discuss the relation between high building design and the city space from the building design and the city planning both side.One building design1, full exertive function of the squareThe building of the key figures because what it consider is huge, usually giving the street space a kind of abrupt oppression feeling, make person the felling seems to pop in a small space from a big space, this is because the key figures consider building result in of contrast.Therefore every be placed in the street both sides to consider the huge key figures building while design should as to its carry on retreating the processing, and withdraw at it of with a space that designs one square, the buffer function that the space of this square will rise the space;And outrun it far and far to accumulate with the ground because of the building of architectural key figures area, the personnel who accept is more, exit and entrance the person flows the density opposite compare greatly, the space that retreats the square of also rises the function of alleviate the transportation pressure;From speak moreover and on the other hand, the space of the square is usually to rise the count for much function in the street space and the city spaces, can leave deeper impression for public, also usually can become the node of the city, this is the advantage that shares the space.Have of construct the master even designs directly bottom sink type of square, if Japan constructs lately- design Japan of the of master to build a bottom of center sink type square, the space shape of the special square, take person and environment as to design the point, not only provided the recreational place of a comfortable calmness for the public, but also make image characteristic of construct the tower building more outstanding.The square of this kind of bottom sink type usually more easy leave impression for person, it is a kind of to be rich with the space of the interesting aspect very much in regard to the space form.Therefore the square and building should be the integral whole while carry on high building design to consider.2, key figures building corpus designFor a city but speech, key figures the building usually has the certain representative and symbol, can reflect a level with economic city and develop the degree, choice reasonable of that shape show is importance.High building because of the request of the restrict and usage function of its structure form, usually be follow in the architectural structure form on the shape, but cant have too many varieties, the key figures who have building even directly add the structure outside the form not modifier.Key figures the corpus part of the building is its tower building, the manifestation of the tower building rises to the architectural shape of key figures decisive function, present foreign and local many key figures the buildings all have the special shape and identify sex obviously, having the certain representative to a city, this can be treated as key figures to construct existent reason.Run short the emergence of problem in recent years along with the resources, the world puts forward and can keep on development, but key figures building in regard to the environmental protection economy energy aspect is very wasted of, appeared an architectural concept immediately, such as Frankfurt who the ecosystem architect promise blessing especially designs the commercial bank headquarters mansion at the time of emphasizing to symbolize the meaning and function, lead into the concept of the ecosystem, is the first extremely high layer building in the world.It constructs the flat surface to present the triangle, just like three leaf the flower petal clips a stem:Flower petal the part is to transact the space, the stem part is hollow hall.The hollow hall arise from however well ventilated function, return at the same time for constructed the inner part to create abundant view.But the weather design the master the the Malaysia Kuala Lumpur plum design by text pulls the mansion then body now make use of the air to open the space to connect the building inside outside, carry through the thought of the living creature weather mansion, lead to go into a great deal of plant, sign to face up spiral rising of perpendicular green turn and the bottom slope of green turn to all contribute to regulating the weather, drew near the person and the distance of the nature possibly, compare to complete the transition of the indoor outside space and link up goodly.Turn towards becoming the good city space environment and also a kind of deeply at the same time.Can see a new request of the high building design of currently is to want the realization the ecosystem economy energy type.The key figures construct although the lower part cent skirt building of the corpus affects to the whole city smaller, it turns the space to the dimensions and human feelings of the street of create and wait aspect have the important influence.The architectural skirt building signs to face the design to differ from the upper part to sign the noodles generally, needing to carry on the design of the delicacy, thus making the lower part space abundant colorful but be unlikely to feel pale;Want also body now the persons dimensions, compares with public sense of vision contact because of the skirt building part closely, a space of across street feeling influence also compares greatly.But topmost and parts of roof of s of the building of key figures to the function that the whole building image rises to enhance the character, although it affects the ecosystem environment less, have the important function towards molding the architectural marking, enrich the city horizon line, so should take in to mold according to the factors, such as architectural base and the building body.etc.3, skillful some processing skills of usageKey figures the tower building part of the building although the leeway of the variety is not big, first floor part but can carry on some skillful of processing come to abundant space form.Can adopt the first floor to build on stilts generally and the skill that the entrance enter.The processing skill that first floor build on stilts is one of the characteristic of the modern building, it can fight for in the environment of the high definition precious with ground, the road, square of the city and construct to combine together organically, become deeply of, open the space publically, give citizenry with the ground that rest a little;Can also improve the person to flow at the same time, the condition that sense of vision hustle, connect a few main public places, to increase the layer of the city space.High building When the close by city road arrange, the entrance space is cave to go in to construct the compelled countermarch( with under an all nerve circumstance) that the lower part can avoid the corpus, fighting for the valid usage of the base area, alleviating entrance various self-contradict conflict;Combine to conceive outline novelly in the aspect formations, such as architectural body design and the space organization.etc. probably, the processing that this kind of entrance retreats the open not only the space layer is abundant and give person of impression is also deep.Two programming design1, avoid the high building intensiveKey figures building of intensive although transact to wait the condition convenience to the city beneficial, bring a lot of pressures for the city space, result in the city space and the city transportations hustle, even is the pollution of some historical data can not compare withs and endanger, for example some key figures construct the light pollution that the big area of the glass act wall usage result in did not appear before;Still have is to become the high pressure breeze to take the moderate breezes, these will result in the unexpected result.Therefore want to construct the density to carry on the restrict to the key figures in the district in program design, avoid the key figures building of concentration distribute.2, key figures building and city streetThe building of the key figures distributes generally in the city the flourishing district of business, the street transportation lotus of these districts carry and then compare greatly, key figures the building will increase the transportation pressure of these streets consumedly, distribute in two sides of these streets of high building want to control its layer number and height as far as possible, want to carry on expand to these streets while program design at the same time, enlargement it go through the ability.3, control the extremely high layer building quantityThe extremely high layer building usually symbolizes sex and representative but existence with it, actually this building since uneconomical and not reasonable, some have already set up of the extremely high layers building devotion usage express the income behind not optimistic, can say that is a body only the city image now, exaltation city popularity.End the languageThe building of the key figures has already walked through the history of a hundred years, day appear from it since become the focus of the city, its form moderate breezes space also the continuous development change, although the key figures building of the our country to compare with night, opposite and flourishing and national start, have already obtained the very big achievement, the high building that is like etc. of Peking, Shanghai, Shenzhen city can say that represent the architectural development history of Chinese key figures, the fusion of the high building design and city space also just continuously perfect development. 高层建筑设计与城市空间 简介： 随着高层建筑技术的迅速发展，高层建筑已经成为城市空间中不可缺少的元素，成为城市的一道亮丽风景，然而高层建筑与城市空间的融合依然存在一些缺陷。关键字：建筑设计 城市规划 广场 架空 高层建筑形式在古代就已有了，早在公元前五百多年的古巴比伦曾经建造了现在号称世界七大奇迹之一的“空中花园” ，根据记载，其形式非常之华丽壮观，放置在任何空间之中都可以说是一道绝美的风景。近代随着科学技术的发展，尤其是钢铁、电梯的出现以及后来钢筋混凝土的应用，为高层建筑发展创造了前所未有的机遇，高层建筑也成为城市空间中一道独特的风景，其中以美国的高层建筑发展最为活跃，如 1885年的芝加哥家庭保险大楼被公认为第一幢摩天建筑，而纽约的曼哈顿区更是高楼云集；近年来我国的高层建筑也发展迅速，如上海的金茂大厦 88层，高 420.5米。随着结构理论和技术的发展，高层建筑结构形式趋于多样化，高层建筑的表现形式也多种多样，但随之所带来的弊端也越来越多的表现出来，在成为城市风景的同时如何恰当的融入城市空间成为高层建筑设计的一个重要任务，也是使高层建筑设计趋于完善所追求的一种理念。城市空间是人类生活和生产所需要的重要因素,它为居民提供各种活动的可能。这个可以说是城市空间比较科学性的定义，而本文提到的城市空间则更具体更形象，主要指城市内的建筑物、道路、绿地、广场、公共服务设施等实体以及由这些实体所构成的立体空间，也是人处在其中能真实、直观感受到的空间。高层建筑是否与所处的城市空间融洽，其评价标准相当一部分取决于公众的感受，简单的说就是人处在所创造空间中的感受；所以一位建筑设计者在进行高层建筑设计时要充分考虑所创造出来的空间(无论是内部还是外部)给予使用者的感受。这些是理论上要求一位建筑设计师要考虑的因素也是作为一名建筑师应该承担的责任，而且还可以据此评价一位建筑师的设计能力和水平及其职业道德。事实上在进行一项高层建筑设计时，开发商受利益的驱使往往不会考虑建筑与环境的关系，此时，规划部门所出台的各种条文政策及规范将扮演着重要角色，它强制性的要求必须顾及城市环境，营造舒适的城市空间。可以看出，高层建筑设计与城市空间的协调以及城市空间的营造是通过两方面的共同作用来完成的，即建筑设计和规划。下面就从建筑设计和城市规划两方面谈谈高层建筑设计与城市空间的关系。一 建筑设计1、充分发挥广场的作用高层建筑由于其体量的巨大，往往给街道空间一种突然的压迫感，使人感觉好像从一个大空间突然进入一个小空间，这是由于高层建筑的体量所造成的对比。因此凡是处在街道两旁体量巨大的高层建筑在设计时应该对其进行后退处理，并在其退出的用地上设计一广场空间，这个广场空间将起到空间的缓冲作用；而且由于高层建筑的建筑面积远远超出其用地面积，容纳的人员较多，出入口人流密度相对较大，后退出的广场空间也起到缓解交通压力的作用；从另外一方面讲，广场空间往往在街道空间以及城市空间中起到非常重要作用，能够给公众留下较深的印象，也往往能成为城市的节点，这就是共享空间的好处。有的建筑大师甚至直接设计成下沉式的广场，如日本建筑大师叽崎新设计的日本筑波中心的下沉式广场，独特的广场空间造型，以人和环境为设计重点，不仅为公众提供了一个舒适的安静的休闲场所，而且使建筑塔楼的形象特征更加突出。这种下沉式的广场往往更容易给人留下印象，就空间形式而言它是一种非常富有情趣的空间。因此在进行高层建筑设计时广场和建筑应该作为一体来考虑。2、高层建筑主体设计对于一个城市而言，高层建筑往往具有一定的代表性和象征性，可以反映一个城