外文翻译-区域电能质量监测系统的设计与实现

英文原文DesignandrealizationofregionalpowerqualitymonitoringsystemINTRODUCTIONASthedevelopmentoftheelectronictechnologyandtheincreaseofdifferenttypeofnonlinear,impactandout-of-balanceload,theproblemofharmonicwave,unbalanceofthree-phasevoltage,voltagepulsationandflickeringismoreandmoreserious.Ontheonehand,ifpowerqualityisbad,itwillspeeduptheinsulationagingofthedevices,reducetheefficiencyandutilizationratioofelectricaldevicesandeffectnormaloperationofcommunicationsystem.Asaresult,itwillbringconsumerspowerqualityofthesystemandhelptoestablishagreenelectricpowersystem.hugelosingtotheindustrywhichhastherequiretothehighpowerquality.Ontheotherhand,power,asamerchandise,isoperatedindependentlybyelectricpowersupplycompanyandelectricpowergenerationatthemechanismofpowermarket.Thisenvironment,whichisopenandencouragescompetition,willbringforwardhigherrequesttopowerquality.Thequalityofsupplypowerwilleffectmarketshareofelectricpowersupplycompanydirectly.Therefore,itistheactivedemandtodealwiththepollutionoftheelectricnetworkbyeffectivemeasure,improvethelevelofthepowerqualityandincreasethedevelopmentandresearchofnewelectricpowertechnology.Anditismeaningfultoconstituteapowerqualitymonitoringsystemwhichisenvironmentalandhighquality.Thispaperprovidesaregionalpowerqualitymonitoringsystem.Ithasapowerqualitymonitoringnetworkwhichiswidecoveragearea,stableandreliability.Thenetworkalsocanreflectandanalyzethewholelevelofpowerquality.TheregionalpowerqualitymonitoringsystemtransmitsthedatabyGPRSwirelessnetworkcommunication,adoptsthestandardofPQDIFandstrikeuptheexpertsystemwhichincludesfaultdiagnosis,systemcontrol,dispatchingofelectricnetwork,loadpredictionandsoon.Thisregionalpowerqualitymonitoringsystemisusefulfordatainformationlayertocarryoutthecentralizedmanagementandnetworkmonitoring.Itcanachievethenetworkdatashareandnetworkmanagementofmonitoringsystem.Alsoitcanimprovesafereliabilityofelectricnetwork,monitorreal.STANDARDOFPQDIFThestoragedataoftheregionalpowerqualitymonitoringsystemhasthecharacteristicofmultipleattribute,sharing,multiplicityandsoon.Tocontrolthepowerqualityfromthewholeandimprovethesharingofdatabasewithothersystems,theregionalpowerqualitymonitoringsystemadoptspowerqualitydataspecification,whichisthestandardofPQDIF（PowerQualityDataInterchangeFormat）.ThestandardofPQDIFisdefinedbyIEEE1159.33-4,whichisastructureofflatfileandlinkedbyasetoflogicalrecord.ThestandardofPQDIFincludestwolayers:physicallayerandlogicallayer.Physicallayerdescribesphysicalstructureoffileandlogicallayerdescribeslogicalrelationship.InthefileofPQDIF,eachrecordhasthesamestructureincludingrecordheadandrecordbody.Recordheadhastheuniqueidentificationcharacter.Recordbodyisconstitutedofasetofelementsincludingcollection,scalarandvector.ThestandardofPQDIFisbinaryformat.Evenitisnotcompressed,itisverycompact.PQDIFprovideseffectivecompressedformatZLIB.Thisformatonlycompressesrecordbodyintotheindependentblock.Buttherecordheadisnotcompressed.ThismethodmakesthereadingprogramofPQDIFgetthewholestructurefastanddoesntneedtodecodeallcontentsoffile.Therefore,goodversatility,strongerdata-handlingcapacityandcompressibilityofthePQDIFissuitablefortheregionalpowerqualitymonitoringsystemwhichthispaperputsforwardasgeneralpurposeplatformofpowerqualitydata.EXPERTSYSTEMNotonlytheregionalpowerqualitymonitoringsystemhasthebasicfunctionsofclassifyingtheindexofpowerqualitydata,statistic,analyseandsoon,butalsoitsexpertsystemhasthefunctionsoffaultdiagnosis,systemcontrol,dispatchingofelectricnetwork,loadpredictionandsoon.Theexpertsystem,whichbelongstoregionalpowerqualitymonitoringsystem,judgesanddeducesbytheknowledgeandexperiencewhichisprovidedbytheexpertsofpowerqualityarea.Andtheexpertsystemsimulatesthedecision-makingprocessofexpertsinordertodealwiththecomplicatedproblemswhichneedtobedecidedbyexperts.A.ExpertSystemDesignofPrincipleThedataofregionalpowerqualitymonitoringsystemhaslayerhasmunitsofdisposal.itsowncharacteristic.Ifexpertsystemcollectsthedataofsample,itusesproductionrule(IF-THENorIF-THEN-ELSErule)toexpresstherelationofinputandoutput.“IF”isthecharacteristicofsomesortsofproblems,whichgetfromthecharacterofsensingdevicesanddataofmonitoringonline.“HEN”and”LSE”expressthereasonofpowerqualityproblemsandcorrespondingcountermeasure.Iftheconditionorfactof“F”ismet,expertsystemwillexecutetheresultoroperationof“THEN”.ExpertsystemadoptstheBPNN(backpropagationneuralnetwork2)asthelayernetworkwhichhasthefunctionofstudy.TheBPNNsstructureisasfollows:Fig.1.structureofBPNNFistofall,asthemultipleforwarddirectionnetworkofone-waytransmission5,theinputsignalofBPNNistransmittedfromnodalpointsofinputlayertonodalpointsofmiddlelayerinturn.Secondly,thesignalistransmittedfromnodalpointsofmiddlelayertonodalpointsofoutputlayer.Duringthisprocess,theoutputofeachlayeronlyeffectsitsnextlayer.Eachnodalpointhasitsownsinglenervecell(nonlinearelementofmultipleinputandsingleoutput)anditscharacterofunitissigmoid.Neuralnetworkcompoundssimplenonlinearfunctionseveraltimestoapproximatecomplexfunction.ItspropertyisguaranteedbytheoremofKolmogorov.ThetheoremofKolmogorovprovidesacontinuousfunctionF:UnRm，f（x）=Y.istheclosedinterval0,1.Thisfunctionisimplementedaccuratelybythreelayersofneuralnetwork.Thefirstlayerofneuralnetworkhasnunitsofdisposal,middlelayerhas2n+1unitsofdisposalandthethird.B.ExpertSystemDesignofBasicFunctionAccordingtothedemandofregionalpowerqualitymonitoringsystem,thebasicfunctionofexpertsystemincludesthechildsystemofcollectingrules,faultdiagnosis,loadprediction,electricnetworkdispatching,systemcontrollingandinquiry.ThebasicblockdiagramisasFig.2:Fig.2.basicblockdiagramofexpertsystemThechildsystemofcollectingabstractstherulesofsampledatasformation,learnsandadjuststheserulesthroughneuralnetworktraining;thechildsystemoffaultdiagnosis/loadprediction/electricnetworkdispatching/systemcontrollingmatchescoherentmodelsfromknowledgebasebysomeinferencerulesandexecutescorrespondingcontrolsaftermakingsurethetype.;thechildsystemofinquiryadoptstwomodule(inquiryofdataandgraph)tomeetusers?demand.C.ExpertSystemDesignofStructureThegeneralstructureofexpertsystemincludesknowledgebase,inferencemachine,syntheticaldatabase,man-machineinterface,mechanismofexplanationandthemodulesofknowledgecollecting.Itsinputisthewaveofdisturbanceanditsoutputisthefaulttypescombinedwaveofdisturbanceandtheoperationtotherelativedevices.1)InferenceMachine:Inferencemachine,asthecoreofexpert,whichisagroupofprogram,controlsandcoordinatestheworksofwholeexpertsystem.Itdisposesandfiguresoutcurrentproblemsbylknowledgefromknowledgebaseandsomeinferencestrategy.2)KnowledgeBaseanditsManagementSystem:ItisestablishedaccordingtothestandardofIEEEaboutpowerquality,sumsupfromtheexperienceofpowerqualityexpertsandexpressesitselfintheformofrules.Andastheexperienceisaccumulated,knowledgebasecanbeextended,modifiedandbeheldbyusers.3)DatabaseanditsManagementSystem:Itstorestheoriginaldataofregionalpowerqualitymonitoringsystemandmiddledatawhichisgotduringtheinferenceprocess.4)ModuleofExplanation:Itcanexplainthebehaviorofexpertsystem,answerthequestionthatusersputforwardandhelpsystemconstructortofindthemistakesofknowledgebaseandinferencemachineduringtheprocessofexplanation.Itishelpfultoadjustandmaintainthesystem.5)ModuleofKnowledgeCollecting:Itisalsoagroupofrulesanditistheframeworkofcollectingknowledge.Ittransmitstheknowledgetothebase,protectsthecompatibilityandintegrityoftheknowledgebaseandsetsupthebaseofgoodperformance.6)Man-MachineInterface:Itistheinterfaceamongexpertsystem,expertsofpowerqualityareaandusers.Theman-machineinterface,whichworksforinputandoutput,ismadeupofagroupofprogramandcorrespondinghardware.Expertsofpowerqualityareainputknowledgebyman-machineinterfaceandupdateknowledgebase;usersobtainthestatusofregionalpowerqualitybythisinterface;expertsystemoutputresultofoperationbyit.Moreover,man-machineinterfacetransformstheformofinsideandoutsideduringtheprocessofinputandoutput.CONCLUSIONFromthelong-terminterest,thesinglepointpowerqualitymonitoringcantmeetthedemandofthemodernelectricindustrymanagement.Therefore,itisurgenttoestablishapowerqualitymonitoringnetworkwhichiswidecovered,reliableandstable.Theregionalpowerqualitymonitoringsystemthispaperputsforwardhasthemeaningasfollows:A.OpenDesignItcananalyseandreflecttheregionalpowerqualityintime.Aftertheregionalpowerqualityisanalysed,expertsystemcanpredominatetheinherentlawoftheindexchangeonlineandmakesurethesourceoftroubleandpollution.Itcanprovidethedatagistofthesystemfaultreason;itcanhelpexpertsystemtesttherationalityoftheelectricnetworkstructureandtheparameterconfiguration;itcanpromisethatthenetworkisstable,safeandeconomic.B.RegionalandSharingTheregionalpowerqualitymonitoringsystemmakesmonitoringchangefromsinglepointtoregion.Thismodeisusefultoachievecentralizedmanagementandnetworkmonitoringandtheregionalmonitoringisconvenientfornetworktosharethedata.Theregionalmonitoringcancarryoutthenetworkmanagementindeed.C.SafeReliabilityTheregionalpowerqualitymonitoringsystemcanimprovesafereliability.Ontheonehand,itcanmonitoractualpowerqualityofcustomersandisusefultoestablishagreenelectricpowersystem.Ontheotherhand,itmakesthepowerqualitymonitoringdevelopmoredeeplyandwidely.Infuture,thelate-modelpowerqualitysystem,suchastendencyoffaultanalysis,maintenanceofprescientload,alsocanbeappliedformonitoringinourlife.中文翻译区域电能质量监测系统的设计与实现1.引言随着电子技术的飞速发展以及各种类型非线性、冲击以及不平衡负载的快速增加，由谐波，三相不平衡电压，电压波动和闪变引起的问题越来越严重。一方面，如果电能质量较差，它会加快绝缘设备的老化，电气设备的效率以及利用率下降还影响通信系统的正常运行。它会产生电能质量体系供消费者利用并帮助建立一个环保的电力系统。存在巨额亏损的风险行业必须要有高质量的电能质量。另一方面，电力作为一种商品，它是由供电公司和发电企业在电力市场机制下独立运作的。在这种环境下，它是开放的并且鼓励竞争，这将会给电能质量带来更高的要求。因此供电的质量将会直接的影响电力供应公司所占有的市场份额。所以，提高电能质量的水平，增大研发力度以及研究新的电力电能技术，而且建立这样一个环保和高质量的电能监测系统是具有相当重要的意义的。本文提供了一个区域电能质量监测系统。它拥有一个覆盖范围广泛，稳定而且可靠的电能质量监测网络。该网络还能够反映和分析出电能质量的整体水平。这个区域电能质量监测系统通过GPRS无线网络通信来传输数据，采用PQDIF的标准以及建立一个包括故障诊断，系统控制，电网调度，负荷预测等的专家系统。这一区域电能质量监测系统对数据信息层进行集中管理和网络监控是很有用的。它可以实现网络数据的共享和监控系统的网络管理，还可以提高电网实时监控的安全可靠性。2.PQDIF标准区域电能质量监测系统的存储数据具有多重属性，可共享以及多样性等特点。从整体上控制电能质量以及与其他系统一起改善共享数据库，各区域电能质量监测系统采用电能质量数据规范即PQDIF的数据规范标准（电能质量数据交换格式）。PQDIF的标准是通过IEEE1159.33-4所定义的，这是一个平面文件的结构，并与一套符合逻辑的纪录紧密相连。PQDIF的标准包括两个层次：物理层和逻辑层。物理层描述文件的物理结构而逻辑层则是描述的逻辑关系。在PQDIF的文件中每个记录都具有相同的结构，包括记录头和记录体。记录头具有独特的识别特征，记录体则是由一套包括收集，标量和矢量的一组基础单元组成。PQDIF的标准是二进制格式。即使是没有经过压缩，他们也是非常紧凑的。PQDIF提供了有效的压缩格式zlib。这种格式只是将记录体压缩至独立的板块之中，记录头并不会被压缩。这种方法使得阅读PQDIF的程序的整个结构速度加快，不需要解译出所有文件的内容。因此，PQDIF的良好的通用性，强大的数据处理和压缩能力非常适合区域电能质量监测系统，因为它为电能质量数据提供了一个通用平台。3.专家系统区域电能质量监测系统不仅含有对电能质量数据的指标分类，统计，分析等基本功能，而且它的专家系统还含有故障诊断，系统控制，电网调度，负荷预测等功能。专家系统是属于区域电能质量监测系统，根据知识和经验的判断和推导，他是电能质量领域的专家所提供的。专家系统可以模拟专家们的决策过程用来对付复杂难解的需要由专家来决定的问题。A：专家系统的设计原理区域电能质量监测系统的数据的层用米作为单位来处理。这是他自身的特点。如果专家系统搜集样本的数据，它使用产生式规则（如果-是和如果-不是规则）来表示输入和输出之间的的关系。“如果”是一些各种各样的问题的特点，这些问题来自于传感装置的特征以及在线监测装置数据。“HEN”和“LSE”表示电能质量问题