[经济学]商业研究方法business research methods

,第一周: 研究方法概论 (Research Methods Overview),Instructor 授课老师,授课老师：刘和福办公室： 管理学院413室电话： 3606822E-mail: 答问时间：周四下午4：00 - 6：00,Textbook 教材,商业研究方法/(美) 唐纳德R库珀, (美) 帕梅拉S辛德勒著 郭毅, 詹志俊主译北京:中国人民大学出版社,2006 (Cooper, R.D., and Schindler, P.S. Business Research Methods, MacGraw-Hill, 2006.),Introduction 课程简介,管理研究的内容包括研究计划书的撰写和评估，研究设计方法，数据收集方法，数据分析及研究结果报告的表述。课程将结合理论、案例与实际操作，使学生了解管理研究的基本范式和方法。,Content 课程內容,管理研究的概念管理研究过程和设计方法数据收集和分析结构方程模型研究论文的撰写和评判,课程结束后，学生需能：领会管理研究方法的内涵了解当前管理研究的现状了解管理研究方法范式可评估，选择，及运用适当方法解决管理研究问题能就其希望解决的问题设计合理的研究方案掌握数据收集和分析方法了解学术论文撰写的基本范式能批判性的评估相关研究成果。,Aims 课程目标,Grade Requirements 课程要求,阅读参考文献并准备回答相关问题，积极参与课堂中的互动事项。以小组为单位，就指定的题目准备20-30分钟简报。简报主题将围绕课堂内容，以参考文献为基础展开。每个学生需选择一个可以用实证方法进行研究的管理课题。该课题应具有可操作性，能够在指定时间内完成。 准备研究提案，该提案需包括以下部分研究主题 （研究问题）选题的意义（理论和实践动机）相关研究 （文献综述）具体的研究问题 （假设）研究路线和方案（研究方法和数据分析方法）时间安排：初步提案：第6周（一页纸，单行，五号字体）最终报告：第12周（三页纸，单行，五号字体）准备研究提案简报并在课堂回答相关问题。,Grades 评分标准,课堂讨论 15%文献阅读和讨论 10%提案 50%提案简报 5%期末考试 20% 总计 100%,Class Schedule 授课进度,第一周,研究方法概论 (Research Methods Overview),What Is Research?,Re-Search研究,What Is Research?,Merriam-Websters definition:careful 仔细的 or diligent 勤奋的 searchstudious 认真的inquiry or examination; investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts practical application of such new or revised theories or lawsthe collecting of information about a particular subject /dictionary/research,an organized, systematic, data-based, critical, objective, scientific enquiry/investigation into a specific problem, undertaken with the purpose of finding answers or solutions to it.,is a process of planning, acquiring, analyzing, and disseminating relevant data, information, and insights to decision makers in ways that mobilize the organization to take appropriate actions that, in turn, maximize business performance. - Cooperthe systematic and “objective” process of generating knowledge for aid in making business decisions,What Is Business Research?,Research information is neither intuitive 直觉 nor haphazardly 随意 gathered. must be objective 客观存在的Detached 公正的 and impersonal 客观的 rather than biased 有偏见的It facilitates the managerial decision process for all aspects of a business.Information reduces uncertainty.,What Is Business Research?,What Isnt Research?,Playing with technologyBook reportProgramming projectDoing what others have already doneEach of these can be done as part of research,Philosophy of Research,Epistemology 认识论 (theory of knowledge)How do we know we knowMethodology 方法论 (study of methods)Ways (methods) of knowingResearch - try to understand our world better,Positivism实证主意 (rejection of meta-physics形而上学)the scientific method is the best approach to uncovering the processes by which both physical and human events occuronly authentic knowledge is that which is based on sense experience and positive verificationGoal of science is to “uncover the truth”What we cant objectively measure / observe are not knowable E.g. early behavioral psychologists focused on stimulus (reinforcement) and behavioral outcome; ignoring anything in between emotion, affection, thought etc./wiki/Positivism,Philosophy of Research,Post-Positivism 后实证主义human knowledge is based not on unchallengeable, rock-solid foundations, but rather upon human conjectures 猜想Subjectivist 主观主义no external reality：perception is realityCritical realism 现实批判主义External realities independent of our thinking can be studied/ measuredAll measurements / theories are fallible / revisableUse multiple observations / methods,Philosophy of Research,Methodology Taxonomy 1Theorem Proof 定理证明Engineering 工程Empirical 实证Case study 案例分析Survey 调查Field test 现场研究Experiment 实验Subjective / Argumentative 主观/辩论,From Vogel and Wetherbe, 1984,Philosophy of Research,Methodology Taxonomy 2Theorem ProofLaboratory ExperimentField ExperimentCase StudySurveyForecasting 预测Simulation 模拟,Game / role playing 游戏/角色扮演Subjective / ArgumentativeDescriptive / Interpretive 描述/解释Action research 行动研究,From Galliers and Land, 1987,Philosophy of Research,Structure of Research,Business Research Type,Basic Research 基础研究Attempts to expand the limits of knowledge.Not directly involved in the solution to a pragmatic务实 problem.ExamplesIs executive success correlated with high intrinsic motives?Are members of highly integrated supply chain more efficient than members of less cohesive supply chain?Do leaders management style affect the employees knowledge sharing intention?,Business Research Type -outcome,Applied Research 应用研究Conducted when a decision must be made about a specific real-life problemExamplesShould Microsoft open a new R&D research center in Hefei?中移动是否应该取消漫游费？,Business Research Type -outcome,Inductive Approach 归纳法,Business Research Type -logic,from specific observations to broader generalizations and theories“bottom up approach.Conclusion is likely based on premisesInvolves a degree of uncertainty“吸烟有害健康”,Deductive Approach 演绎法,Business Research Type -logic,from the more general to the more specific.top-down approach.Conclusion follows logically from premises (available facts)吸烟 肺炎,Quantitative research 定量研究use of statistical, formulaic or numerical analysisMain approach: analysis; causal determination, prediction, generalization of findingsQualitative research 定性研究not quantitative; use of non-numeric techniquesMain approach: discovery; illumination, understanding, extrapolation to similar circumstances,Business Research Type- process,http:/www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/cdic-mcc/18-3/d_e.html,Business Research Type- process,Primary Research (field research) 初步研究 （实地调查）data does not already exist, research collect original data. Secondary Research (desk research) 次要研究 （文案调查）information has already been put together by someone else,Business Research Type data source,Descriptive research 描述性研究Characterizing a phenomenon / variableE.g. demographics of online shoppersExploratory (Relational) research 探索性研究Relationship between variablesE.g. gender online shopping tendencyAnalytical (Explanatory) Research 分析性研究 （解释性研究）Relationship and cause - E.g. firm size employee turnoverPredictive (Casual) research 预测性研究 (因果研究)Cause and effect (treatment and outcome)E.g. incentive (+) higher productivity,Business Research Type- purpose,Why Study Business Research?,Business research provides information to guide business decisions,Major Research Topics,General Business Conditions and Corporate ResearchFinancial and Accounting ResearchManagement and Organizational Behavior ResearchSales and Marketing ResearchOperation ResearchInformation Systems ResearchCorporate Responsibility Research国家自然科学基金委：管理科学部研究领域分类国际期刊的分类 (UTD List) /top100Ranking/journals.php国际会议：AOM, ICIS,Whats Changing in Business that Influences Research,Critical Scrutiny of Business,Computing Power & Speed,Factors,Information Overload,Shifting Global Economics,Government Intervention,Technological Connectivity,New Research Perspectives,Determining When to Conduct Business Research,Time constraintsAvailability of dataNature of the decisionBenefits versus costs,Is sufficient time available before a managerial decision must be made?,Is the infor-mation already on handinadequate for makingthe decision?,Is the decision of considerable strategicor tactical importance?,Does the value of the research informationexceed the cost of conducting research?,ConductingBusinessResearch,Do Not Conduct Business Research,Time Constraints,Availability of Data,Nature of the Decision,Benefits vs. Costs,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,No,No,No,No,Determining When to Conduct Business Research,Characteristics of Good Research,Factors Contributing to the Success of Research,Academic ability*Commitment to the program*Emotional Stability*Financial stability*Hard work*Research competency Managerial skill Interpersonal skill,Research Competency：Literature search and reviewTechnical competence Writing the research proposalKeeping of research recordsWriting progress reportsWriting the thesisWriting papers for journals/conferencesTheoretical competenceThe student has to develop these competencies mostly through own initiative,Factors Contributing to the Success of Research,The literature included can be any format appropriate to your topic. Dont restrict yourself to journal articles.Look in booksBusiness reports, conference proceedings, and other non-journal sources. Search government websites and associations related to your topic.Google scholar Look at library subject guides in your area to find the key databases additional resources,Research Competency：Literature search and review,Perform a preliminary search of the literature.what has already been published. the number of articles available on the topic.select a slightly different topic or modify the focus of the objective. Recent journal issue. Consult Web of Sciences Journal Citation IndexDevelop a list of subject headings that relate to themes of interestSearch across multiple databases and information resources. Google ScholarRead the literature throughout the search process. will guide your subsequent searches and refine your topic.Help refine the topic and objective of the overview being written.,Research Competency：Literature search and review,A Research Report should generally include:Statement of problem (Introduction)Review of relevant literatureStatement of hypothesis or research objectivesDescription of research designDescription of sample selection procedureDescription of how data was collectedData analysis and resultsConclusion, limitations, and implicationsBibliography or references citedAppendices,Research Competency：Literature search and review,Step 1: read the abstractDecide whether to read the article in detailStep 2: read introductionIt explains why the study is importantIt provides review and evaluation of relevant literatureStep 3: read Method with a close, critical eyeFocus on participants, measures, proceduresStep 4: Evaluate resultsDo the conclusions seem logicalCan you detect any bias on the part of the researcher?Step 5: Take discussion with a grain of salt 不全信Edges are smoothed outPay attention to limitations Carrol 2006,Research Competency：Literature search and review,Research Competency：Technical competence,Literature managementEndnote Data AnalysisSPSSSEM (PLS, LISREL )Office WordExcelPowerPoint,Submission of research proposalPresentation and defense of research proposalProcedure for working in the office outside normal working hoursMonthly progress reportsProgress report for the semesterParticipation in Seminars,Managerial skill: pertaining to procedures,Managerial skill: pertaining to the research,Planning the research Acquiring theoretical & experimental skills Executing the research plan Monitoring the research progress Keeping the research log book Submission of Progress reports Preparation of the thesis Care of the research methods,will interact with:The supervisor or supervisory committeeGraduate students in his groupGraduate students in other groups in same program/schoolGroups in other schools/institutionsUndergraduate students working under the same supervisor or groupTechnical support personnelAdministrative support personneladept at interpersonal skills will find the path less bumpy,Interpersonal Aspects of Research,The Student and the SupervisorKnow who your supervisor isKnow the work of your supervisorAscertain with the supervisor how the routine meeting is to be carried out. Make notes of all meetings with the supervisor and give him a copyKeep your supervisor informed of progress and activitiesSubmit report/manuscript to your supervisor not rough outlinesAllow your supervisor sufficient time to read your report or manuscriptAsk your supervisor how he likes to see the manuscript for your thesisSee your supervisor if you face any problems, dont disappear and let him summon you,Interpersonal Aspects of Research:,The Student and the Groupbe working on a specific topic within a larger research programhis own research plan will inevitably affect the research plans of others in the group, e.g in the use of equipmentCooperation OR transferringA well organized group can provide strong support to every member,Interpersonal Aspects of Research:,Ethics of Business Research,refers to a code of conduct or expected societal norm of behavior while conducting researchEthical conduct applies to OrganizationMembers sponsoring the researchThe researchers who undertake the researchThe respondents who provide them with the relevant data,Plagiarism 抄袭Fraud/ Cheat 欺诈Steal 窃取/2010/10/07/world/asia/07fraud.html?_r=4&src=me&ref=homepage,Ethics of Business Research,PLAGIARISM 抄袭To steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as ones own.To present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing sources Websters coll