[研究生入学考试]英语工程硕士

工程硕士英语考前辅导,英语运用能力测试介绍,一、考试目的 英语运用能力测试旨在考察考生所具备的实际英语水平、英语阅读能力和运用英语能力。通过英语词汇量、语法、阅读、理解、日常口语等内容的测试，考核考生使用英语的综合能力。,二、试题结构1题型与题量 （1）语法与词汇结构 该部分共有10个短句，前5题为词汇题，后5题为语法题。词汇与语法部分以国务院学位委员会办公室组织编写的“在职攻读硕士学位全国联考”（英语考试大纲）的有关要求为依据。该部分考试时间为8分钟，分值为20分。,（2）阅读理解 该部分共有4段独立的短文，每段短文约有150个英语单词。短文内容涉及政治、经济、历史、地理、文化、科技、人文、时事等。要求考生阅读每段短文后，回答5个问题。每个问题后有4个答案选项，其中1个选项为正确答案，要求考生选出正确答案。4段短文中，1篇较易，2篇难度适中，1篇较难。该部分考试时间大约为21分钟，分值为40分。,（3）完型填空 该部分提供一篇200240个单词的短文，在短文中有10个空白。每个空白有4个填空选项，其中1个为正确答案，要求考生选出正确答案。该部分考试时间大约为8分钟，分值为20分。,（4）会话技能 该部分有10段英语简短对话，每段对话是不完整的，在每段对话后有4个答案选项，要求考生从中选出1个最符合情景和习惯用法的答案，使得整个对话通顺完整。该部分考试时间大约为8分钟，分值为20分。,2试题难易程度 试题由易到难分为3个等级，每套试题中容易、一般和较难的题目比例为3：5：2。3试题评分标准本部分试题满分为100分，每道题2分。考生须从每道题所列的A、B、C、D四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，多选、不选或错选均不得分；所选答案均为A或B、C、D的答卷，一律视为废卷。,三、命题范围1、总体要求 英语使用能力考试命题范围的水平相当于四年制大学非英语专业毕业生应达到的水平。着重测试考生运用英语的能力，要求考生熟练掌握4000个以上的英语词汇和基本语法内容。,2、词汇与语法结构主要测试考生的基础 词汇及基本的语法规则。3、阅读理解部分主要测试考生英语的阅读、理解、分析和判断能力。考生需要掌握一定的词汇量，并具有一定的阅读速度和知识背景。4段短文中，其中1段为科普内容，1段为有关中国的报道。,3、完型填空主要测试考生对词汇和语法的掌握程度，语法内容包括冠词、名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词、连词、分词、不定式、从句、时态、语态、倒装和虚拟等。同时，考生还需要具有一定的阅读理解能力。词汇与语法的比例为1：2。 4、会话技能主要测试考生使用英语进行日常会话的能力，这些会话涉及的是生活中的常见情景，测试考生理解会话的情景、把握对话人的角色以及掌握英语口语习惯用法的能力。,教学目的,一、了解考试范围和相关知识内容 二、介绍相关的学习方法 三、介绍相关答题技巧和技能,第一部分词汇,第一节 考项分析一、考试要求及范围：5道题 共10分 4分钟 1、要求：使用词汇和短语的能力 2、范围：名词、动词、形容词、 短语、固定搭配 区分同义词、近义词、反义词 3、单词记忆方法：阅读、练习、联想、分类,（一）近形词题 1.The problem is caused _C_by a lack of money. A. prominently B. profoundly C. primarily D.proportionally2. I should like to_ _my thanks to you for your kindness. A. extend B. intend C. pretend D.attend,二、命题方式及答题要领,1. prominently 突出地、卓越地 profoundly 深刻地、深奥地 primarily 首先、主要地 、基本地 proportionally 成适当比例地、相称地 2. extend 延伸、表达 extend my thanks to intend 目的、打算 intend to do sth. pretend 假装 pretend to do sth. attend 注意、用心、照顾、照料、参加 attend to one work，attend on(upon)the patient attend a meeting/lecture,2003年试题 Part one 1. The new currency will get into _B_soon.A.circuit B.circulationC.circular D.circle2.Shortage of capital is the main factor that_C_economic development.A.holds out B.holds on toC.holds back D.holds on,1.circuit n. 巡回、周游、电路 circulate v. circulation n. 循环、流通、传播 circle n. circular adj. 圆圈、圆周、循环 圆形的、弧形的2. hold out 抵抗、维持 hold out for 继续要求、 坚持 hold on 坚定、坚持 hold on to 抓住、不放手、不放弃 hold back 退缩、阻止,（二）近义词题1、Though the doctors tried everything they couldnt save him from the deep _ D _wound. A.shot B. punch C. pinch D. stab 2、He applied for Teaching Assistancy to finance his education and was _B_the position for his rich experience in teaching. A.qualified B. granted C. presented D. supplied,1. shot 射击、枪弹 punch 用拳击打 pinch 捏、挤、夹 stab 刺、扎、戳 qualify 使有资格qualify sb for sth grant 正式给予 present 拿出、呈现、拿给 supply 提供、供给 supply sb. with sth.=supply sth. for sb.,2003年试题 Part one 3. The captain of the ship _A_the passengers that there was no danger.assured B. ensuredC . secured D.insured4.Many old people in the cities find themselves unable to get used to the rapid_D_of city life.rate B. speedC . step D.pace,3. assure 断然地说、有信心地说 使相信、 使确信 ensure 确定、 使确实、 保证 secure 使安全、使可靠 insure 保险、 投保 4. rate 比率、率 birth rate speed 速度 travel at full/top speed step 步、步骤 step by step keep steps with pace 一步的距离、 走或跑的速度 go at a good pace,（三）语境词题 1. In 400A.D. Chinese children played with a fan-like toy that span upwards and fell back to earth as _A_ceased. A. rotation B.suspension C. emission D.motivation2.Mr. Smith said that he did not want to _D_any further responsibilities. A. get on B.look up C. put up D.take on,rotaterotation 旋转、 转动 suspend suspension悬挂、悬而未决 emit emission发射、散发 motivate motivation 激发、刺激、动机2. get on 年事渐高、进步、进展 look up 抬起头来、查找 put up 穿戴、举（手） take on 承担,（四）固定搭配：动介、副 形名Not all persons arrested and _D with a crime are guilty, and the main function of criminal courts is to determine who is guilty under the law. A.sentenced B.accused C.persecuted D.charged sentence 判决、宣判 sentence sb. to He had been sentenced to death. accuse=charge 控告、控诉 accuse sb. of=charge sb.wth He was accused of theft.=He was charged with theft.persecute迫害、困扰 persecute sb. with sth,三、主要词类及要点,（一）动词 占大纲词汇表 1/5 1、认知和辨别能力：两到三个基本词义 strike: 打、冲击、突然伤害、给人以印象 have: 有、吃、开（会）、上（课）,2、动词用法熟练程度 （1）不规则动词的词形变化 规则动词 过去式和过去分词 +ed work worked worked study studied studied 不规则动词：参见P6 have had had rise rose risen,（2）动词词形相近、词义不同 P67compliment vt. 赞美 complement vt.补充He is comlimented for his fine work. They need to complement the army with new soldiers.,（3）动词词义相近、用法不同 arrive vi. (at, in); reach vt. 到达，达成He arrived at the railway station on time.We arrived at the agreement at last.He arrived in Beijing yesterday.They reached the village yesterday. insist on; persist in 坚持He insisted on(persisted in)working on this experiment. consist of ; be composed of 由 组成、构成This class consists of (is composed of) forty students.,（4）动词后用动名词 P7 considerHe will deny giving us a chance to visit the lab. resume permit,（5）动词后用不定式 P8 decidedShe consented to offer her job. refused agreed intended,（6）动词后用动名词或不定式 P8 stop ,cease He stopped talking with his classmates. He stopped to talk to the teacher. remember, forget, regret She remembered turning off the light. She always remembers to turn off the light.,（7）动词固定搭配P8-91）与介词搭配 bring about 产生、引起 break out 逃出、爆发2）与名词搭配 arrive at a conclusion 得出结论 take into consideration 考虑到3）与名词和介词的搭配 make an apology to sb. 向某人道歉 make comments on sth. 评论某事,（二）名词：词缀与复数 1. A large number of cars_A_parked in front of my house. A. are B. is C. has D.was2.The number of the people living in the island_ C _ doubled in the past five years. A. have B. is C. has D.are,1. a number of many 许多、很多 a large number=a great many2. the number of 的数目,（三）形容词：1、注意词形相近的词 mechanized minimized standardized modernized2、同义词和反义词3、比较级和最高级P114、与of ，to 和with 搭配的形容词P12,（四）副词 1、分类：时间 地点 频度 方式 程度 疑问连接 2、用法：主要作状语 3、构成：形容词ly,第二部分 基础语法,第一节 考项分析一、考试形式： 与词汇同在一部分 单选 5道题10分4分钟,二、语法测试要求,1、名词、代词的数和格的构成形式及其用法2、动词的基本时态、语态的构成及其用法3、形容词的比较级、最高级 4、常用的连词、冠词5、非谓语动词：不定式、动名词、分词6、虚拟语气7、名词性从句8、强调句9、常用倒装句,第二节 名词 一、综述：名词的数和所有格；可数名词的复数构成 1、规则名词：+s books；sh,ch,s,x,z +es dishes watches classes boxes 2、辅音字母加y,变y为i,再加es study-studies 3、f或 fe结尾，将 f 或fe变为ves. wolf-wolves , knife-knives chief, cliff, grief 等只加-s. 4、一些专有名词视为单数 5、单复数相同：deer, sheep,二、 重要考点 （一）常用不可数名词P33（二）其单数形式：可数名词of不可数名词 an article of clothing, a piece of information an act of violence a piece of news （三）其复数形式：可数名词复数of不可数名词 four glasses of water, two pieces of furniture,（四）不可数名词的其它单数形式（作定语） a news story, a raindrop, a homework assignment（五）可数名词与不可数名词常用数量表达法P34（六）单复数名词的其它表达法： type of, kind of, Mark Twain said that there three kinds of lies:lies,damned lies, and statistics.,（七）数词有时用作名词或形容词P34 three hundred two thousand hundreds of thousands of five percent of a five-percent of a seven-year-old boy an eight-foot-long tail,第三节 代词重要考点一、one.the other, one .another二、both, all _B_ are very clever. A.Both them B. Both of them C.The both boys D.Both of boys,三、whole, all the whole day all day the whole class all the students四、none, neither, no one _ C _the girls came on the trip. A.Neither B.Nobody of C.None of D. Not one of 五、each, every,2003年试题 Part one8.Undoubtedly,_C_wins the election is going to have a tough job getting the economy back on its feet. A. anyone B.who C.whoever D. everyone,第四节 形容词与副词重要考点一、形容词作定语 1、前置定语： 若干前置形容词连用的排列顺序 品质大小/新旧/年龄/形状颜色起源材料用途名词。 a funny, little, red, insect,2、后置定语： 不定代词: little, nothing, everything, anything Give me something nice to eat. 以a为前缀的形容词： ablaze, alert, alike 以-able,-ible为后缀的形容词 sensible,acceptable, He offered a price acceptable to the both.,二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 1、等比句句型：as(so)as, no more/lessthan We have accomplished as much in the past three years as would have been taken ten years in the past. John doesnt work so hard as Henry. She is no less(more) diligent than her classmates.,2、比较级句型： 两者（同类项），优于或次于 than Facts speak louder than eloquence. The new edition of the dictionary is more expensive than the old one. His salary as a driver is much higher_. A.than a teacher B.than that of a teacher C.that of a teacher D.than those of a teacher,3、最高级句型：the最高级范围词Jane is the tallest girl in the department .Of all the students, Beth works hardest. 否定词比较级 没有比更There is nothing in the world more potent and more impotent than words.4、Thethe 越越 The more, the better. The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.,5、不用than的比较级 (superior, inferior, senior, junior )to, prefer A to B The songs of Bob Dylan are very popular among young people, who regard him a_other musicians.A.as more superior than; B. as more superior to C.as superior to D. as superior than,6、其它表示两者之间比较和选择的句型 (It is ) Better to do well than to say well would rather.than, rather than, would soonerthan 宁愿.而不愿 I would rather join you in research work than go on holiday to the seaside. I prefer to work rather than sit idle.He would sooner resign than take part in such dishonest business deals.,He _ C _live in the country than in the city. A. would B.likes to C.would rather D. had betterBut she would rather stay at home alone than_ C _to Janes gossip. A. to listen B.listening C.listen D. listened三、any,far,even,much,slightly,a bit,a little,a lot,all the 可修饰比较级The new method for refining aluminum was_ B _that it became practical for many purposes, one of the first of which was for making pots and pans.A.so more cheaper B.so much cheaper C.so many cheaper D.such much cheaper,四、无比较级和最高级的形容词 unique, perfect, infinite, matchless, empty, round, square 五、fairly与 rather,第五节 非谓语动词作定语和状语重要考点,一、动词不定式1、作定语:逻辑上具有动宾关系 There is nothing to worry about.,1)后常跟不定式作定语的名词 time, reason, chance, right,ability, willingness,need, anxiety,wish, plan, Women should have the right to receive education. 2) the first, the second, the last, the best等后 He was the last one to blame.,2、作状语1）目的 To save the earth, we must prevent the earth from being polluted.2）结果 She left home, never to return again.3)原因She burst into laughter to see his funny action.,4)固定搭配做独立成分 to be honest, to begin with, to cut a long story short, to get to the point, not to make much of it, to put it another way, to tell the truth,二、动名词1）作定语None is allowed to smoke in the waiting room.2) 作状语:介词动名词He was blamed for having done something wrong.,三、分词1、现在分词与过去分词的区别 现在分词：主动 ；正在进行 the exciting news; developing country 过去分词： 被动；已经完成 the excited people; developed country2、现在分词用法1）定语 This is a pressing question.The men working here are all from the rural areas.,2)作状语时间、原因、条件、结果、方式或伴随情况3、现在分词作定语与动名词作定语的区别 the sleeping boy=the boy who is sleeping the sleeping car(pill)=the car(pill) for sleeping4、过去分词用法1）定语2）状语 时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况,2003年试题 Part one 6.The issue _at the conference is very important and it will create a sensation nationwide.A.discussed B.being discussedC.is being discussed D. has been discussed,2003年试题 Part one10. Millions of Americans flock to their drugstore to buy vitamins and minerals,_that these pills can help to prevent serious illnesses.A.convincing B.convincedC.to convince D. to be convinced,第六节 非谓语动词作动词宾语和宾补,一、后跟动名词作宾语的词组P58Mr.Smith gave up smoking according to his doctors advice.二、busy , worth, worthwhile，etc. 动名词 Is it worthwhile making such an experiment?三、point, trouble, difficulty (in)+动名词There is not much point ( in) thinking about it.,四、Its no use, its not much use, its no good +动名词 its of no use +不定式 It is no use crying over the spilt milk. It is of no use to cry over the spilt milk.五、既可跟不定式又可跟动名词的动词P59 He prefers writing (to write) an outline before he writes a summary.,六、try, mean, remember,forget, regret 不定式和动名词意义不同 We must try to solve the problem We can try solving this problem in other ways.,七、demand, deserve, need, inquire, want Johns house in the country wants painting(to be painted). The system needs updating(to be updated).,八、go on, stop The robot first reads the engineering drawing and then goes to assemble the parts according to the drawing. Some students went on working on their experiment when the bell rang.,九、feel, have, hear, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, observe, see, watch Ill try to have someone repair the recorder for you. Ill try to have the recorder repaired.,十、cannot but, do nothing but, had better , had best, rather than,would ratherthan, would sooner thanI have done nothing except do what I should.,十一、discover, feel, find, have, hear, keep,leave,like,need,notice,observe,report, see,smell,spot,want,watchYou can have your tape recorder repaired in the shop over there.,十二、see, hear, feel, observe watch, notice I saw him making the experiment.,第七节 时态一、一般现在时 as soon as,when,after,if,unlessIll ring you as soon as he comes back. 1. The girl wont have her lunch before she_her homework. A.will finish B.finishes C.had finished D.finished2.We will go swimming if it _ tomorrow. A.wont rain B.doesnt rain C.isnt raining D.dont rain,二、现在进行时They are constructing that building.注意：表示瞬间动作动词的现在进行时意味 着将来要发生的动作 come, go, leave He is leaving for shanghai to attend an important meeting.,三、现在完成时 up to now,so far,these days,this summer, forWe havent seen each other again since we graduated in 1987.,四、一般过去时Yesterday,last week,in 1993,at that time,once,during the war,before,a few days ago,when注意： used to +do 过去常常I used to climb that big tree when I was a boy. be/get/become used to +doing 习惯于He has been(got,become)used to living here.,五、过去进行时Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkings was telling me his experience as a young man.,六、过去完成时By the end of the war,the small workshop had become a large factory. By the end of last term, we_twenty lessons. A. have studied B. studied C. had studied D.would have studied,七、一般将来时Ill take part in an important race across the country.,八、将来进行时Ill be having an English class this time tomorrow.,九、将来完成时 They will have stayed here for five months next week. By the time she is 50 years old, she _an inmate of the prison for over half her life.A.would have been B.will beC. will have been D. would be,十、现在完成进行时He has been teaching in this village school for 20 years.,第八节、语态一、无被动语态的动词或词组happen, rise, occur, befall, becomelack, fit, suit, equal , resembletake place, break out consist of , look like The story took place in 1949,二、主动语态表示被动涵义 wash, write, sell eat, keep, open read, shutThis type of recorder sells well,三、后加动名词表示被动 want, deserve, need repair, stand, take, wont bear withThe film is quite worth watching.,第九节 情态动词 一、情态动词+have+doneThe children must have got terrified in last nights earthquake.The explorers might have lost their way.You should have told her the truth earlier.,二、情态动词+be+doingHe shouldnt be watching TV now.He must be working on the experiment at the moment.,第十节 虚拟语气一、引导非真实条件从句的 连词if 在 正式文体中有时可以省去，were, had, should等非行为动词这时应提到从句句首。If I were you, I wouldnt feel sorry.Were it to rain tomorrow, we would not go out.Had you started your work earlier, you would have finished it.Should I live in the twenty-second centry, I would spend my vacation on the moon.,二、without,but for, otherwise,but thatBut for your help ,they couldnt have succeeded.Without water, there would be no life.,三、在It is +形容词that 从句的句型中，that 引导的 主语从句中的谓语动词采用should+动词原形形式，其中should常省略。It is necessary(important,imperative必须的，essential必要的，advisable可取的，better,strange,natural, impossible)+thatIts necessary that we(should) set out at once.,四、意为“提议、建议、请求、命令”等意思的动词所带的从句，谓语部分用（should +)动词原形。 suggest, propose,recommend,move（提议） demand, desire, require order, command, insist, arrangeI suggest that we (should) go camping tomorrow.,It is (suggested, proposed, recommended, moved（提议） demanded, desired, required, ordered, commanded, insisted, arranged)+that +(should)It was desired that we should send the chemicals to the lab.,suggestion, proposal, recommendation, motion（提议）demand, desire requirement, order, command,arrangement