湖南省高考英语完形填空二解题指导[课件]

湖南高考英语完型填空()应试方法与技巧,Cracking Cloze Test II,By Jin Liufrom Zhenyan Middle School,107270个零分给我们带来的思考,从2010年湖南高考完形填空二分数数据发现：全省380809考生中，有107270考生此题得零分。,代词,介词和形容词,2010湖南,Parents are busy people. If they are working，they are usually not at home 48. their children return from school. Sometimes it is necessary for a parent to write 49. afterschool note for their children. They sometimes put the note on the kitchen table，the refrigerator, 50. another place where their children are sure to find it.,A note is often a 51. way to “talk” with a child than using the telephone. For one thing，parents have time to think about 52. they want to say before they write. 53. another，the note lists all the information in one place. It is easy to read again and again. People often forget all the details that 54. hear in a telephone call. Finally，cell phones can be turned 55. or telephone calls not answered. For these reasons，afterschool notes are very popular with parents.,when/after,an,or,better,what,for,they,off,考点分布情况,状语从句引导词,冠词,并列连词,形容词（比较级）,名词性从句引导词,介词,代词,副词,高考评分标准,1)语意相同或相近且语法正确,酌情给分; 例如: 49.填a给1分;填one记0.5分 51.填wiser, brighter, finer, simpler记0.5分;填easier记 1分; 52.填all, everything, anything, something,记1.5分.2)各小题均填一个单词,否则不记分. 3)拼写错误不记分.,英语语言知识的第三节为完型填空(II)，本节侧重考查考生语感以及语言的衔接、连贯、结构等语言知识运用的能力。分析此措辞，再比较完形填空第一节和第二节，可知： 1. 从考查的内容来看，第一节侧重考查词汇在语篇、语境中运用,关键词是 “语义”；而第二节考查功能语法，即侧重于考词汇在篇章中的交际功能, 关键词是 “衔接, 连贯”。 2. 从题型的形式看，第一节给定四个选项供考生选择，其中有一个正确选项；而第二节只给出空缺，没有选项，要求考生根据语境和自己已有的语法与词汇知识来填空，这对考生的语言知识的提取和运用能力提出了更高的要求。 3. 单词的拼写能力和词形变换能力也是一个很重要的考查方向。,题型解读,命题特点,共8个小题,每题1.5分,满分12分,7分钟内完成,短文长度150240词,设空平均间距17词左右,考查语境，侧重运用,虚词为主，实词为辅,尽量避免名词和动词,答案不一定唯一,1. The ability of reading discourse 阅读/理解语篇的能力 2. Analysis of sentence structure 分析句子结构的能力 3. The ability to use grammar 熟练运用语法的能力,有篇章结构意识,在语境和语篇中理解句子内部结构,找出句与句、段与段之间的内容联系,把握细微区别.具体体现在：,能力要求,我们在做完形填空(二)时, 可以从词性、词形两方面入手。,名师指津,Whats the usual way you fulfill the task?,思考：面对新完形填空如此繁杂的语法点，我们到底该怎么入手呢？,总结提升,实词,虚词,一根据句子结构，确定词性,名词形容词副词代词,冠词介词连词,词性,e.g. (angry)(1) He looked _at the children. (2) He looked _at the news on the radio.,angrily,angry,二根据上下文意义及语法，确定词形,冠 词,连 词,代 词,形容词/副词,连接副词,常考知识点,1,2,3,4,5,6,总结提升,介 词,The college entrance examination is coming, my parents promise:If I get high marks in the exam, I shall have _ ipod as _ prize.2）They will give me _ big surprise.3) Of all the subjects, I like English best because it gives us _ useful knowledge of it.4) But my mood quickly changed when I saw _first question.,the,缺冠词,an,a,冠词考点：定冠词的基本用法，抽象名词具体化和固定搭配。,解题思路分析,a,技巧 1,a,1). Lets start not to eat snake any more, because “to protect the snake is to protect_”. 2). _ is amazing that I won the first prize in the competition. 3). Get in the habit of remembering peoples names and using _ often. 4). I want to find a house with a beautiful garden, but I still havent found _ I like yet.,It,代词考点: 人称代词（主/宾）,（形容词/ 名词性）物主代词， 反身代词，替代词, it的用法等，可在句中充当主宾，同位语等。,ourselves,them,one,缺代词,技巧 2,1）_ a lot of work to do, he left school very early.2) In fact, choosing eco-fashion can also contribute _ our personal health 3)This was around the time that I was getting to be larger _ size than my father 4) In short, I believe that it is _ great use to keep a diary in English.,in,of,With,to,介词考点：常用介词的基本用法及在语境中的活用；固定搭配。,缺介词,技巧 3,1)When we got there, to our disappointment, we found the situation was much _ than expected. 2) I immediately felt _ of my violent(暴力的) behavior.,形容词副词考点：形容词作定语和表语；比较级和最高级。形容词修饰_；_修饰adj./ v.或整个句子；,ashamed,名词,副词,worse,cheapest,than,缺形容词或副词,技巧 4,3) Of the MP3 we bought, mine is the _. It only cost me 100 yuan.4) Animals and plants are disappearing many times faster _ they have in the past 65 million years. (2010年湖南高考英语样卷),1) See _ your son has done. 2) Ill never forget the days _ I lived in the factory with the workers, _ is a great help to my article.,what,when,连词考点1：最常用的引导词有：,wh- 连接词及其他各大从句引导词(从属连词),which,where,缺连词,技巧 5,3) After the war, a new school building was set up _ there has once been a theatre.4) _ this is included in good education, the children will surely have a bright future.,If,1) I was_upset that I violently ripped (撕破) it from my chest! 2) It was only then _ he realized his own mistake. 3) A nest is to a bird _ a house to a man . 4) I was on the point of leaving _ it rained. 5) _ Hemingway puts it, “Life breaks us all, but afterwards, many of us are strongest at the broken places. ”,so,that,when,what,连词考点2：牢记特殊句式, 把握语境特征，利用关键词提示解题。,As,As far as /As long asAs is known to all/As is (often) the caseAs everyone can see,缺连词,技巧 5,1) He has an high IQ, _, he failed in school 2) Human activity often changes or destroys the habitats that plants and animals need to survive. human populations are growing so fast. (2010年湖南高考英语样卷),however,because /as/since,连词考点3：要仔细把握句子逻辑关系，利用暗含信息 ,作出判断解题；此外还要注意连接词组在语境中的呼应对称特征。,3) In some cases, competition for resources among animals led to extinction and in cases, environmental changes caused extinction. (2010年湖南高考英语样卷),other,Some othersNot only but alsoNeither nor , either or,缺连接词,技巧 6,It,most,but,only,why,for,a,no,2010年湖南省高考适应性测试,When you take a walk in any of the cities in the West, you often see a lot of people walking dogs. 1. is still true that a dog is the 2. useful and faithful animal in the world, 3. the reason why people keep a dog has changed. In the old days people used to train dogs to protect themselves against animal attacks. And later they came to realize that a dog was not 4. useful for protection but willing to obey his master. But now people in the city need not protect themselves against attacks of animals. 5. do they keep dogs, then? Some people keep dogs to protect themselves from robbery. But the most important reason is 6. companionship. A dog is his best friend for 7._ child when he has no friends to play with. For young couples, a dog is their child when they have 8._children. For old couples, a dog is also their child when their real children have grown up.,根据语义, 确定词形,分析句子,确定词性,解题四步走,通读全文,理解大意,检查搭配, 前后连贯,心得与体会,心得体会: 十一模块中的文章可以充分利用,Module 11 Page 22,I was very excited but also a little nervous on my first dayat work. I had to report to the Hunan Resources Department first thing in the morning so that they could introduce me to my colleagues. Everyone was very nice and welcomed me to the company, and my boss took me to the canteen for lunch. I even met the General Manager. I really enjoyed my first day, but I did not do much work! The second day was very different. Even though I was a management trainee, I still had a lot of responsibility, and there was so much to learn. The work was quite interesting, but there was a lot of it. In fact, there was so much work that I had to work overtime to complete it. I felt like I was facing mountains of paperwork.,自主合作探究, 改编完形(二),Assignment,Do more exercises after class,根据语义, 确定词形,分析句子,确定词性,解题四步走,提示：四步走归根到底其实就是寻找依据每一个要填的空格里所需的单词或短语其实都可以在所在的句子中或者上下文中找到它的依据,通读全文,理解大意,检查搭配, 前后连贯,Summary,P 22,I was very excited _ also a little nervous on my first dayat work. I had to report to the Hunan Resources Department first thing in the morning _ that they could introduce me to my colleagues. Everyone was very _ and welcomed me to the company, and my boss took me to the canteen for lunch. I _ met the General Manager. I really enjoyed my first day, but I did not do much work! The second day was very different. Even though I was a management trainee, I still had a lot of responsibility, and there was so much to learn. The work was quite interesting, but there was a lot of _. In fact, there was so much work that _ had to work overtime to complete it. I felt like I was facing mountains of paperwork.,根据语义, 确定词形,分析句子,确定词性,解题四步走,提示：四步走归根到底其实就是寻找依据每一个要填的空格里所需的单词或短语其实都可以在所在的句子中或者上下文中找到它的依据,通读全文,理解大意,检查搭配, 前后连贯,我们在做完形填空(二)时, 可以从词性、词形两方面入手。,(五) 解题技巧点拨,Lets have a try:,Thirty two people watched Kitty Genovese killed right below their windows. She was 1. neighbor. Yet 2. of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police. John Barley and Bib Fatane went beyond the headlines to research into the 3. why people didnt act. They found that a person has to go through two steps 4. he can help. First he has to notice that it is 5. emergency. Is the smoke coming into the room 6. a leak in the air conditioning? Is it “steam pipes”? Or is it really smoke from a fire? Its not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency. Second, and 7._ important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally responsible. He must feel that he must help, 8. the person wont get the help he needs.,their,none,reason,before,an,from,more,or,根据句子结构和功能来判断是用形容词，还是副词；用动词还是名词等。如修饰名词，前面就要用_；修饰动词或整个句子就要用_；作谓语通常用动词；作主语或宾语通常用名词或代词；连系动词后面用_而不能用副词。,形容词或名词,副词,形容词,e.g. (angry)(1) He looked _at the children. (2) He looked _at the news on the radio.,angrily,angry,英语和汉语最大的不同在于英语有词形变化。词形变化主要涉及动词、代词、形容词、副词和名词。当确定所填的词是名词时，就要考虑是_。 形容词有_。如果是动词就要更加小心。首先要判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，主动还是被动，是现在分词还是过去分词，还是不定式。代词则要考虑是_还是_。,宾格,可数还是不可数名词，是单数还是复数名词,原级、比较级和最高级,主格,e.g. 1. China is _ than Japan in size.2. One of the_ gift choices I ever made was for my highschool English teacher, which made him very unhappy.3. The little boy pulled _ right hand out of the pocket,bigger,worst,his,1. Later , I seemed to hear faraway voices saying that my right _ was broken. I almost burst into tears. How would I ever play the piano again?2. Many old people dont have good_. They cant watch TV, but they can listen to the music.3. Many Africans are very _, so they cant afford to buy much meat.,hand,eyesight,poor,The ability of reading discourse,It was only then _ he realized his own mistake.2. He went to work early in the morning, _ his son at home alone.,that,leaving,Analysis of sentence structure,1. _ amazed us most was that the little girl could play the piano so well. 2. In short, I believe that it is _ great use to keep a dairy in English 3. There once was a goat and a donkey. So the farmer killed _ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart.,What,the,of,The ability to use grammar,1. 1) But my mood quickly changed when I saw _first question. 2) As he got full marks in this exam, his father bought him _ MP4 as _ prize. 3) Television is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but also _ comparatively cheap one. 4) Of all the subjects, I like history the best because it gives us _ useful knowledge of things in the past.,the,缺冠词,an,a,冠词考点：定冠词的基本用法，抽象名词具体化和固定搭配。,解题思路分析,a,a,提示:,.掌握单词、词组.懂得分析句子结构.多听、多说、多读、多写，增强语感,Practice makes perfect!,如果空格前后都是完整句子，则要根据上下文的逻辑关系，选择适当的副词或连接词（词组）。,because, for，since，as,so, therefore, hence, thus,besides，furthermore，moreover,but, however, yet, while， instead,表示原因：表示结果：表示并列：补充递进：表示转折：表示让步：,and, or,although, though, neverthelessdespite (prep.),Linking words(连接词）,总结提升,实词,虚词,一根据句子结构，确定词性,名词形容词副词代词,冠词介词连词,词性,主 谓,n./pron.,vt.,宾,n./pron.,vi.,宾,+ prep.,art.,art.,adv.,adj.,adj.,_,adv., _ 主 谓,conj/关系词, X _,非谓语动词,非谓语动词to do;doing引导词从句,非谓语动词to do; doing引导词从句,Lead-in,完形填空（二）,真题体验,命题特征,命题特征,命题特征,命题特征,命题特征,总结提升,二根据上下文意义及语法，确定词形,限定词,定冠词,不定冠词, 物主代词的用法,并列句及复合句,连 词,介 词,介词的常用用法及词组搭配,连接副词,注意句子之间逻辑关系,比较等级,利用暗隐信息确定比较等级,解题思路分析,1. Why do we make many mistakes in the examination and get low marks while doing this part?,1).没有严格遵循答题步骤多数同学考试时担心时间紧,在没有弄清短文的中心和文章的情节线索的况下匆忙答题. 2).不注意积累答题技巧a. 忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系;b. 遇到长句不注意分析句子结构,在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择.,Thinking,2. What steps to take to deal with this part?,命题特点,1.共8个小题,每题1.5分,满分12分,7分钟内完成；选材为150-240词左右的小短文，常为记叙文、说明文或议论文,平均设空间隔为17个词左右2.考查语境，侧重运用3.虚词为主，实词为辅4.意义为主，形式为辅5.答案不一定唯一,二 语法填空命题特点是什么 ?,共8个小题,每题1.5分,满分12分,须在7分钟内完成,短文长度160240,设空间距15词左右,侧重语境加语法语法占关键,每格1个词,1. The ability of reading discourse 阅读/理解语篇的能力 2. Analysis of sentence structure 分析句子结构的能力 3. The ability to use grammar 熟练运用语法的能力,有篇章结构意识,在语境和语篇中理解句子内部结构,找出句与句、段与段之间的内容联系,把握细微区别.具体体现在：,能力要求,e.g.Parents are busy people. If they are working，they areusually not at home 48. their childrenreturn from school. Sometimes it is necessary for aparent to write an afterschool note for their children.,The ability of reading discourse,when/after,2010湖南高考试题,e.g. For one thing，parents have time to think about _they want to say before they write. for another，the note lists all the information in oneplace.,Analysis of sentence structure,what,2010湖南高考试题,e.g.1) Sometimes it is necessary for a parent to write 4