2016英语分题型复习(完形填空,翻译)

2016年英语考试题型辅导 （完形填空 翻译）,同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平考试,口语交际 解题技巧,解题步骤1. 画出上下文主题词，挑选密切相关的选项；2. 画出上下文代词，挑选指代明确的选项；3. 连读，感觉上下文各种呼应关系：问答、时间、地点、人物、先后、是否、因果、并列、列举、主次(概括与细节),题型复习 口语交际,Sara: David, you must have more time to spend with your family. Right?David: Well, while I can choose what time I spend with my family, inevitable problems are that _1_.Sara: But youll be able to take time off whenever you want. David: Yeah, _2_, but just like with my business, when I can afford to take off is determined by what responsibilities I have.,A. I cant agree with you more on this pointB. My schedule is more flexibleC. Your success all boils down to what you doD. Ill end up working evenings and weekends to meet deadlines,Sara: Your job must be less stressful than other jobs.David: the stress comes from different sources. Theres often as much stress or even more, because _3_.Sara: I suppose being a web designer working at home, you dont have to worry about stupid things like office politics.David: _4_, and actually Im not good at it at all.,A. I cant agree with you more on this pointB. My schedule is more flexibleC. Your success all boils down to what you doD. Ill end up working evenings and weekends to meet deadlines,短文完成 解题方法,解题要点：综合运用词汇、语法、搭配、语段、篇章逻辑等方面的知识和上下文对语篇各层次的信息进行正确判断和完型处理,词前词后：词性组合、句子结构、词义联系 句前句后：连词、意义呼应片前片后：中心一致、前后呼应,短文完成 2015年真题 Text 3,Phrases: A. remember past impulse purchases that you 70 B. you may 71 purchase on impulse. C. Keep 72 under control In addition to the external pressure we face from marketing, our own feelings and habits can contribute to excessive spending .Here are some suggestions to help you 73 . First, resist your impulse buying .Do you enjoy the excitement of shopping and finding a bargain? If so, 74 .To resist, slow down and think realistically about the long-term consequences of buying, owning, and maintaining what you are planning to buy. Stop and 75 .Give yourself a “cool down” period before making your final decision.,A. later regretted B. spending C. tend to,短文完成 练习,Phrases: A. _68_ the same suggestions and proposals B. _69_ goal of making the window glass business a very large one. C. _70_ the factory in making suggestionsFor your information, we are doing everything possible to cooperated in _71_. We have offered to purchase various equipment for your Dairen factory which will increase its products, improve quality and raise its efficiency. We have offered to accept payment for this machinery in the form of busy-back of glass. We have also _72_ for better efficient packing and containerization. The factory has been very cooperative and receptive to our ideas. As we want to begin our business with the other branches too, we plan to _73_ to purchase machinery for them.,A. cooperated with B. achieving our mutual C. offer,考试题型介绍,完形填空,在一篇难度适中的短文中设置10个空白（短文长度为200250个词），每个空白为一题，要求考生从所给的4个备选答案中选出一个最佳答案。备选答案可以是单词，也可以是短语。本部分共设10题，每题1分。考试时间为10分钟。 在理解阅读材料的基础上能综合运用词汇、语法、搭配、语段、篇章逻辑等方面的知识和上下文等对语篇各层次的信息进行正确判断和完型处理。,完形填空 样题,Almost half of UK internet users are going online via mobile phone data connections, according to the Office for National Statistics (ONS). 45% of people surveyed said they (46) use of the net while out and about, compared with 31% in 2010. The most rapid growth was (47) younger people, where 71% of internet-connected 16 to 24-year-olds used mobiles. Domestic internet use also rose. According to the ONS, 77% of households now have (48) to a net connection. That figure was (49) 4% from the previous year, representing the slowest rate of (50) since the ONS survey began in 2006. The figure for domestic connections contrasted sharply with the rapid growth in uptake of mobile services.(46) A. made B. took C. kept D. sought(47) A. around B. within C. among D. beyond(48) A. route B. access C. way D. road,完形填空 样题,Domestic internet use also rose. According to the ONS, 77% of households now have (48) to a net connection. That figure was (49) 4% from the previous year, representing the slowest rate of (50) since the ONS survey began in 2006. The figure for domestic connections contrasted sharply with the rapid growth in uptake of mobile services. (51) , the popularity of 3G broadband did not necessarily mean that more people were going online overall. Many of those using mobile phones are (52) to already have home broadband connections.(49) A. on B. up C. of D. in(50) A. survey B. internet C. mobiles D. growth(51) A. However B. Because C. Moreover D. Even if(52) A. easy B. fast C. likely D. slow,完形填空 样题,Older users, who the government is particularly keen to get (53) , appeared to (54) relatively untouched by the phenomenon. While 71% of 16 to 24-year-old who went (55) said they used mobile broadband, just 8% of internet users aged over 65 made use of the newer technology.(53) A. connected B. used to C. provided D. called(54) A. have B. be C. being D. have been(55) A. abroad B. out C. online D. home,完形填空 解题方法,解题要点：综合运用词汇、语法、搭配、语段、篇章逻辑等方面的知识和上下文对语篇各层次的信息进行正确判断和完型处理,词前词后：词性组合、句子结构、词义联系 句前句后：连词、意义呼应片前片后：中心一致、前后呼应,完形填空 解题步骤,解题步骤1. 分析空格所在句子缺少的成分，寻找匹配的选项；2. 分析词组空格前后单词的词性，寻找可以配合的选项；3. 重视动词和介词、动词和名词等的固定搭配；4. 选项词性相同或易混淆时根据意义、代词指代来判断；5. 连读，感觉上下文各种呼应关系：中心句与支撑句、主次(概括与细节)、时间、地点、人物、先后、是否、因果、并列、列举,完形填空 2013年真题,Riding a bike is good exercise and great fun. But what do you do with a bike after you outgrow it? Nicole Basil, 12, has a terrific answer to this question. When she was 8 years old, she 46 Pedal Power. It is a charity that collects bikes that kids have outgrown and donates them to Chicago public schools. Since 2008, Nicole has collected and donated more than 1,000 bikes. 47 the bicycles, Pedal Power supplied riders with 400 helmets (头盔) last year. “It is important to ride 48 on a bike, and helmets are a big part of that,” Nicole says. The Wilmette Bicycle & Sport Shop helps to 49 that all donated bikes are safe to ride. Each bike receives a five-minute 50 by the shops employees.46. A. joined B. created C. helped D. reformed47. A. In addition to B. In honor of C. In line with D. In exchange for48. A. safely B. happily C. freely D. quickly49. A. insist B. accept C. remember D. ensure50. A. look-out B. drop-out C. check-up D. line-up,2013真题,The bikes are given to students who have good grades and perfect attendance. Nicole says: “Some kids arent as lucky as others, 51 they still do well in school. I think they should be 52 for that.” Nicole has received e-mails and phone calls from parents and teachers that say test 53 are improving. “Bikes can take you far,” she says. “Good grades can take you even 54.” Barton Dassinger is the principal of Cesar E. Chavez school in Chicago. Students in his school have received bikes. “Its been a great way to 55 students to do their best,” Dassinger says. “They work hard to make it happen.”51. A. and B. so C. but D. or52. A. remembered B. rewarded C. repaid D. recommended53. A. papers B. scores C. conditions D. methods54. A. higher B. better C. further D. greater55. A. require B. exploit C. entitle D. motivate,2014真题,Ironically, a study finds that were awful gift-givers precisely because we spend too much time trying to be considerate. We imagine our friends -46- a gift that is impressive, expensive, and sentimental. We imagine the look of happiness and surprise on their faces and the warmth we feel -47- .But theres something that the most sentimental-gift-givers tend not to think too much about: -48- the gift is practical in the first place.46.A. to open B. opening C. have opened D. opened47. A. in person B. in turn C. in place D. in return48. A. Whether B. When C. Why D. How,2014真题,-49- , practicality seems like an enemy of great gift giving. Beautiful jewelry, lovely watches, perfect rugs, finely crafted kitchen hardware: These things -50- great gifts because they communicate something beyond practicality. They communicate that the giver cares.49. A. To be sure B. To sum up C. In many ways D. In many cases50.A. work out B. lead to C. make for D. take up,2014真题,But do the receivers care? Often, no. Gift receivers would be -51- if givers gave them exactly what they requested -52- attempting to be thoughtful and considerate by buying gifts they did not explicitly request to surprise them, the researchers write. Their clever paper asks givers and receivers to -53- gifts from two perspectives: desirability (e.g. the cost of a coffee maker) and feasibility(e.g. the -54- of the coffee maker).Across several experiments, they find that givers consistently give gifts based on desirability and receivers -55- favor gifts based on feasibility .51.A.happier B. more surprised C. happy D. surprised52.A.regardless of B. rather than C. as to D.but for53.A. decide B. classify C. select D. measure54.A. look B. quality C. nevertheless D. ease55.A. unexpectedly B. whereas C. nevertheless D. continuously,2015真题,When asked about the impact of disturbing news on children, one mother said :“My 11-year-old daughter doesnt like watching the news. she has _46_ about what she has seen. One time, she watched a report about a person who killed a family member with a knife. That night she dreamed that she too was being killed.”Another interviewee said:“My six-year-old niece saw reports of tornadoes(龙卷风)from elsewhere in the country. For weeks 47 , she was terrified. She 48 call me on the phone, convinced that a tornado was coming her way and that she was going to die.”46. A. thoughts B. nightmares C. ideas D. pictures47.A. afterward B. ago C. before D. later48.A.should B. might C. could D. would,2015真题,Do you think disturbing news report can frighten children? In one survey，nearly 40 percent of parents said that their children had been 49 by something they saw in the news and that. 50 ，the children had feared that a similar event would happen to them or their loved ones. Why? One factor is that children often 51 the news differently from adults. For example, small children may believe that a 52 that is broadcast repeatedly is really happening repeatedly.49.A. bored B. angered C. upset D. disappointed50.A.in no time B. by all means C. all the more D. as a result51.A. tell B. interpret C. narrate D. treat52.A. tragedy B. comedy C. play D. drama,2015真题,A second factor is that daily reports of disturbing events can distort a childs 53 of the world. True, we live in “critical times hard to 54 .”But repeated exposure to disturbing news report can cause children to develop lasting fears.“ Children who watch a lot of TV news 55 to overestimate the occurrence of crime and may perceive the world to be a more dangerous place than it actually is.” observes the Kaiser Family Foundation .53. A. imagination B. view C. sight D. look54.A.give up B. stick to C. deal with D. set town 55.A.prefer B. turn C. come D. tend,完形填空练习,参考书本练习题,六、英译汉,能在不借助词典的情况下，把一般性题材的文章及科普文章中的句子或段落从英语译成汉语，能准确表达原文的意思，语句通顺，用词基本正确，无重大语言错误。英译汉的速度为每小时400个英语单词。时间15分钟,翻译 2013,Being unhappy is like an infectious disease. It causes people to shrink away from the sufferer. He soon finds himself alone and miserable. There is, however, a cure so simple as to seem, at first glance, ridiculous: if you dont feel happy, pretend to be! It works. Before long you will find that instead of pushing people away, you attract them. You discover how deeply rewarding it is to be the center of wider and wider circles of good will.Then the make-believe becomes a reality. Being happy, once it is realized as a duty and established as a habit, opens doors into unimaginable gardens filled with grateful friends.,2013,不快乐就像传染病，它使得人们都躲避不快乐的人。不快乐的人很快就会发现自己处于孤独与悲惨的境地。然而，有一种简单得看似荒谬的治病良方：如果你不快乐的话，就假装你很快乐！这种治疗良方很有效。不久你就会发现别人不再躲着你了，相反，你开始吸引别人了。你就会发现能成为广结良缘的中心人物，这是多么值得的事。然后假装就变成了现实。你拥有了使心灵平静的秘密，会因为帮助他人而忘我。,翻译复习,要动手做翻译练习，不能只是口头翻译；复习真题。掌握必要的翻译技巧方法。（参考书280-296页）,翻译步骤,一、理解The medicinal herb helps a cough.二、表达Do animals have right? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground-clearing way to start. Actually, it isnt, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.事实并非如此，因为这种说法假设是以人们对人权有一致认识为基础的，而这种一致认识是不存在的。三、校对,总体理解,抓住关键词，确定段落主题。对于理解整个段落而言，关键词通常是“名词”，尤其是出现频率高的某些个或某类名词。One of the chief concerns of wildlife management is the protection and improvement of the natural habitat so that animals have enough food and water to survive. Wildlife management involves care of the soil to produce good vegetation; it also involves care of plants, not only as a source of food, but also as protection. Animals need cover to hide from their natural enemies and to raise their young safely. Just as crops are harvested, wildlife too must sometimes be harvested. by allowing limited hunting, good management can control certain species that threaten to overpopulate their habitat.（2006）,分析主干，补充细节,第一步：划清句子结构。英语的句子结构可以简单概括为六大成分：主+谓+宾 = 主干； 定、状、补=修饰英语的句子分为：简单句、并列句和复合句。,寻找主干,谓语动词：目的是通过谓语动词确定主语、宾语One of the chief concerns of wildlife management is the protection and improvement of the natural habitat so that animals have enough food and water to survive.,非谓语动词：包括动词的分词（现在doing/过去done）、动名词（doing）、不定式（to do）形式，在句中充当定语、状语、补语、同位语等成分。Wildlife management involves care of the soil to produce good vegetation; it also involves care of plants, not only as a source of food, but also as protection. Animals need cover to hide from their natural enemies and to raise their young safely.,Just as crops are harvested, wildlife too must sometimes be harvested. By allowing limited hunting, good management can control certain species that threaten to overpopulate their habitat.,“节点词”：作为句子结构的节点，尤其是在长、难句中，节点词可以帮我们相对容易地划分句子结构。1、介词：如on, in, with, at, of, to等介词常常引导介词短语作修饰语One of the chief concerns of wildlife management is the protection and improvement of the natural habitat so that animals have enough food and water to survive.One of the chief concerns of wildlife management：人们对野生动物管理的关注点之一the protection and improvement of the natural habitat： 对自然栖息地的保护和改善,2、连词：并列连词如and, or, but, yet, for等，连接并列句；从属连词如：when, as, since, until, before, after, where, because, since, thought, although, so that, such. that .等等，连接状语从句；这些词可以帮助我们把长句子在合理的地方断开，变成2个或多个短句，便于理清结构，进行翻译。（One of the chief concerns of wildlife management） is （the protection and improvement of the natural habitat ）so that animals have enough food and water to survive.,（One of the chief concerns of wildlife management） is （the protection and improvement of the natural habitat ）so that animals have enough food and water to survive.One （of ）concerns（ of ）is the protection and improvement of the natural habitat.animals have enough food and water to survive.从逻辑上分析，b显然是a的目的和结果。参考译文：人们对野生动物管理的关注点之一是如何保护和改善它们的自然栖息地，以便这些栖息地能够为野生动物提供足以供其生存的食物和水。,The world is now linked （to such an extent）（ that a local happening cannot take place without impacting on the International community.）（22个单词）主干是：The world is now linked ：如今，整个世界被连接在一起to （such ）an extent ：该短语的意思是“到了程度”到了什么样的程度呢？由that引导出：a local happening cannot take place without impacting on the International community.注意在that引导的从句中仍然包含自己的主干：a local happening cannot take place ：局部事件不可能发生（下页继续）,翻译和修改,翻译和修改,without引出后面的条件：impacting on the International community.直译：a local happening cannot take place without impacting on the International community.就是：不影响国际社会局部事件就不可能发生。让句子通顺，符合汉语表达习惯，就成了：如今，世界相互间的关联非常紧密，以至于局部事件的发生必定会对国际社会有所影响。 如今，世界相互间的联系紧密到了