[初一英语]中考英语完形填空

关于教师考试（8.28下午）,1、命题能力测试（20分）（1）对试卷提供的试题进行多种角度的简要评析 （可以结合新课程的理念去分析）（2）根据试卷提供的素材为主体适当增添其它内容，编制一道符合新课程理念要求的试题。要求：试题类型：完形填空或阅读理解( 注：单选或听力也有可能) 写出命题意图及答案2、浙江各地市近三年中考原题重组题测试（40分） 3、英语阅读与写作（40分）,基础教育阶段英语课程的任务是： 激发和培养学生学习英语的兴趣，使学生树立自信心，养成良好的学习习惯和形成有效的学习策略，发展自主学习的能力和合作精神；使学生掌握一定的英语基础知识和听、说、读、写技能，形成一定的综合语言运用能力；培养学生的观察、记忆、思维、想象能力和创新精神；帮助学生了解世界和中西方文化的差异，拓展视野，培养爱国主义精神，形成健康的人生观，为他们的终身学习和发展打下良好的基础。,新课程标准,基础教育阶段英语课程的目标是： 以学生语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识的发展为基础，培养学生英语综合语言运用能力。 语言知识和语言技能是综合语言运用能力的基础，文化意识是得体运用语言的保证。情感态度是影响学生学习和发展的重要因素，学习策略是提高学习效率、发展自主学习能力的保证。,新课程标准,理念五：注重过程评价，促进学生发展 终结性评价应着重检测学生综合语言技能和语言应用能力。评价要有利于促进学生综合语言运用能力和健康人格的发展；促进教师不断提高教育教学水平；促进英语课程的不断发展与完善。,新课程标准,走进中考完形填空,命题技巧,秋瑾中学 王国英,命题的过程 学习和提高的过程。,帮助自己进一步熟悉教材内容,帮助自己进一步明确重点难点,帮助自己进一步提高教学水平,帮助自己进一步提升教研能力,出题考学生，同时也在考自己,完形填空是一种要求高、综合性强的语言测试题，是一种较高层次的“阅读理解题” 以阅读为形式以上下文为线索以理解能力、词汇知识、语法知识、习惯用法以及分析判断能力为解题基础,完形填空 (Cloze test),完形填空,考查范围题型分析设题原则,考查范围,（1）考查对文章语境的把握能力,着眼整体理解关注文章情节注意上下文关系,例：(2011 宁波) There was my bike, _40_ it wasnt the bike I thought it would be. 40. A. and B. or C. but D. because根据文章语境，可以判断but是符合上下情节发展的。,考查范围,（2）考查常用词汇的理解能力,选项设置体现同一性(同一词汇或同一范畴或同义词)注意词义、词性、词形、用法等,例：(2011 宁波) When I was about 12 years old, I really wanted a new bike! I _36_ my parents my birthday wish, . 36. A. talked B. spoke C. said D. told四个选项都有“说”的意思，是同义词，需要根据结构来分析判断，根据题中结构：_ sb. sth,只有tell 有此用法，故选D.,考查范围,（3）考查对固定搭配的掌握能力,词组的固定搭配句型的固定搭配,例：(2011 宁波) I _44_ the bike and rode it, feeling bad that I had made my parents feel this way. 44. A. got in B. got on C. got off D. got up根据文章语境，应该是骑上自行车，在结合get的词组可以判断get on是正确答案。,考查范围,（4）考查对文章主旨的把握能力,领悟文章主旨抓住文章中心,例：(2011 宁波) They gave me a life lesson about _48_. When you give something out of love, it doesnt matter what it is in fact. 48. A. love B. money C. friendship D. knowledge根据文章结尾所表达的中心思想Giving a gift is not about money, its about how much love you can feel from it可以判断love是最佳答案。,考查范围,（5）考查对语法的运用能力,借助语法来分析句子借助句子来分析语法,例：(2011 宁波) As time went by, I began to understand my parents gave me _47_ much more than just a rusty(生锈的) old bike. 47. A. anything B. nothing C. something D. everything根据句子的结构和语义，再联系这四个不定代词的语法知识，可以判断something是合适的答案。,考查重点语境中的运用,语境就是我们平常所说的上下文，广义的语境指所有的上下文，段与段之间,句子与句子之间，句子与段之间的语义关系。狭义的语境指句子内部的词语之间在语义上的联系。一切语义的理解都离不开语境。,近年来，完形填空题单纯考语法的题目很少，越来越侧重对综合语言应用能力、阅读理解能力的考查。其中，词汇运用能力的考查表现为要求考生在一定的语境下表达词汇的语义、词汇的搭配，特别关注上下文的行文逻辑和相互照应。,考查词类-实词为主，虚词为辅,虚词,名词,动词,形容词,副词,代词,数词,实词,介词,冠词,连词,感叹词,考查词类-实词为主，虚词为辅,题型分析,（1）上下文直接信息题。根据上下文就可直接得出答案的一类题目。,例：(2011 宁波) I told my parents my birthday wish, but I new there was little hope bcause my family could _37_ have that money. 37. A. hardly B. quickly C. slowly D. easily根据上下文语境，从上文中的little hope可以推断hardly为合适的答案。,利用逻辑关系。（连词的使用）根据生活经历或生活常识,（2）词、句、文三结合理解题。,例：(2011 宁波) On my birthday my parents told me they had my gift outside in the back yard. At once I _39_ out to the yard. 39. A. rushed B. rode C. climbed D. came这需要根据上文语境-作者的愿望，来判断当他的愿望实现时激动的心情，由此判断rushed是正确答案,是一道与上文有关系，又体现一定的生活经历的题目。,（3）词义辨析题。,如果将各个选项填入空中,从语法上都是正确的，且是意思相近的词。应该结合上下文，再结合近义词辨析才能作出正确判断的题目。,例：(2011 宁波) Do remember, a gift that _50_ two dollars isnt any less valuable than one that costs one hundred dollars, or even more. 50. A. spends B. costs C. pays D. offers需要根据上下文语境推断出所空处的意思，再联系所给几个同义词的区别应用来作出选择。,（4）固定短语考查题。,此类题目的难度不是太大，只要掌握住了英语中的这些固定搭配，便可轻松答题。,例：(2011 湖州) I hope I can look as happy as you do _35_ I am your age.35. A. when B. since C. though D. for此题需要根据when的时间状语结构来分析。,完形填空的设题原则,短文的设空一般为10或15个空白，每空一题，两空之间间隔合理（一般为7-10个单词），短文的首句和尾句一般不设空。,首句和尾句在解题中有十分重要的作用. 对于首句应该给与足够的重视，因为往往它就是中心句或是引导句，它的时态往往决定了全文的时态。,首尾句一般不设空,完形填空的设题原则,注重篇章理解和逻辑推理能力的考查,根据课程标准，义务教育阶段英语课程的总体目标是发展学生的综合语言运用能力。新课程五级技能目标：能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系。完形填空注重篇章理解、逻辑推理及观察能力。,例：(2011 绍兴) It all started at the beginning of the ninth grade. Carmen found she couldnt see things _26_ all the time. She became very worried, but she hoped _27_ would know that. 26. A. clearly B. carefully C. freely D. quickly27. A. everybody B. anybody C. somebody D. everybody这两空的设置均根据下文语境，尤其是27空需要考生读完整篇文章，根据下文故事情节的发展作正确的推理才能作出选择。,完形填空的设题原则,注重语境分析和词汇运用能力的考查,依据文章语境 突出词汇运用 减少语法功效,占绝大多数,2011绍兴，15个小题的选项设置几乎没考虑语法的功效,例：(2011 绍兴) The next day, Carmen kept the _31_ in her pocket as she walked into the schoolyard. She stood alone away from her friends, feeling _32_. 31. A. ring B. keys C. book D. glasses32. A. tired B. unhappy C. afraid D. serious这需要根据上文语境，来判断Carmen把眼镜藏在口袋中，抱着一种不愉快的心情，不敢戴也不想戴。,例：(2011 绍兴) Carmen had _40_ that she was wearing the new glasses. “Thanks,” she replied. 40. A. heard B. forgotten C. found D. imagined这虽说考查了过去完成时，但提供的选项都是过去分词，形式一致，还是得需要根据上文语境，来判断Carmen当时的心情，开心至极，忘了还戴着眼镜呢，减少了纯语法的功效。,完形填空的设题原则,注意词类考查的多样性,（注意：同一小题四个选项的词性应该一致）,完形填空的设题原则,避免与单项选择的考点重复,体现试卷整体的信度与效度 避免重复考查语言知识点,2011绍兴,2011绍兴,完形填空的设题原则,注意选材上体现教育性和人文性,语言是为德育服务的，寓思想教育于其中，是新课标所要求的需实现的几大目标之一,教学目标：知识目标 技能目标 能力目标 情感目标,。,完形填空的设题原则,注意选材上体现时代性和真实性,时代感鲜明的语篇选材不仅能增强测试的趣味性和真实性，同时还能通过展示目标语言在现实生活中的真实运用激发学生的英语学习动机，将对教学起到积极的导向作用,2011嘉兴、舟山卷：残疾人Nick的励志故事2011湖州卷：现代人不良的生活习惯2011绍兴卷：女孩眼睛近视后对于佩戴眼镜的矛盾心理2011温州卷：圣诞节的真情送礼2011义乌卷：母亲是孩子的第一任老师,完形填空的设题原则,注意材料处理的科学合理，保持原有的逻辑与准确性,选好篇章后处理好以下几个问题篇幅长 200-250左右生词多 尽量用学生所学词汇来换，以免影响学生的阅读和理解,完形填空的应对策略,1、平时应当选择体裁多样、题材丰富的材料进行阅读，以扩大知识面，增强应对各种信息的能力。2、限时阅读，训练快速阅读能力。3、侧重基础知识，培养获取语言知识的能力。4、注重答题技巧，培养捕捉关键词的能力、分析推理能力、利用常识解题的能力、对行文逻辑、句子关联的把握能力。,完形填空的解题技巧,解题的总体思路为：整体部分整体。,完形填空,跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意,细读首句和尾句，深挖内涵启示。,瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破,复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏。,Lets show,Ones education starts from family, especially his or her mother. Here is a story that happened in my childhood. One Saturday morning, I was watching TV in the living room with my two brothers. My mum brought several apples of different colors and sizes. She put all the apples on the table, then asked me and my younger brothers, “Which do you like?” Both my younger brothers and I wanted the biggest one. Before I could say “The biggest one”, one of my brothers stood up and said what I wanted to say. My mum picked up the biggest apple and said to us, “It is good to get the biggest apple. Many people want the best thing, but few really get it. Now lets start a competition. Look at the lawn(草坪) in front of our house. Ill divide(分) it into three parts. Each of you must finish pruning(修剪) your own share. The best and quickest one will be given the biggest apple.” I won the apple finally. Since then, I have learnt to try my best to succeed whenever I get a chance. I work hard to get what I want. That was what my mother advised me to do. I feel very thankful to my mum because she taught me a very basic but the most important lesson. It is quite fair(公平) that we can get what we want by competing(竞争). My mother kept teaching us in this way and we followed her advice all the time. I do believe that mother is the first teacher of children, who can teach them to be a No. 1 pursuing person.,Ones education starts from family, especially his or her mother. Here is a story _1_ happened in my childhood. One Saturday morning, I was watching TV in the living room with my two brothers. My mum _2_ several apples of different colors and sizes. She put all the apples on the table, then _3_ me and my younger brothers, “Which do you like?” _4_ my younger brothers and I wanted the biggest one. _5_ I could say “The biggest one”, one of my brothers stood up and said what I wanted to say.,1. A. how B. what C. that D. when2. A. wanted B. drew C. hid D. brought3. A. told B. answered C. replied D. asked4. A. All B. Both C. Neither D. Either5. A. Before B. When C. Until D. After,My mum _6_ the biggest apple and said to us, “It is _7_ to get the biggest apple. Many people want the best thing, but few really get it. Now lets start a _8_. Look at the lawn(草坪) in front of our _9_. Ill divide(分) it into three parts. Each of you must finish pruning(修剪) _10_ own share. The best and quickest one will be _11_ the biggest apple.” I won the apple finally.,6. A. ate up B. looked up C. picked up D. gave up7. A. good B. strange C. bad D. polite8. A. lesson B. party C. conversation D. competition9. A. school B. church C. house D. library10. A. my B. our C. your D. their 11. A. sent B. given C. shown D. shared,Since then, I have learnt to try my best to succeed whenever I get a chance. I work _12_ to get what I want. That was what my mother advised me to do. I feel very thankful to my mum because she taught me a very basic but the most _13_ lesson. It is quite fair(公平) that we can get what we want _14_ competing(竞争). My mother kept teaching us in this way and we followed her _15_ all the time. I do believe that mother is the first teacher of children, who can teach them to be a No. 1 pursuing person.,12. A. hard B. carelessly C. easily D. comfortably13. A. expensive B. important C. difficult D. traditional14. A. on B. without C. about D. by15. A. advice B. example C. decision D. plan,IMAGINE a life without arms or legs! You cant hold anyone in your arms. You cant walk anywhere with your feet. How would you last a day like that? Would you smile at yourself in the mirror like Nick Vujicic, the 29-year-old Australian? Nick was born without limbs（四肢）, so life was not easy for him. At school many students played jokes on him because he looked different from everyone else. He was refused to be their friends, so he always felt lonely. However, he faced that bravely. He learned to type and write with two toes（脚趾）at the age of six, and he could even surf and play golf. In college, he achieved great success and was among the excellent students in the studies. And he decided on what to do later in his lifeto encourage others to work hard for their dreams. Now Nick is one of the most popular speakers in the world. He travels to many countries and gives speeches about his story against difficulties. “Living life fully is about looking at what you have, not what you dont have.” he said. His story encourages millions of people. “I tell people to keep on getting up when they play and to always love themselves,” he said. “If I can encourage just one person, then my job in this life is done.”,IMAGINE a life without arms or legs! You cant hold anyone in your 1 . You cant walk anywhere with your feet. How would you last a day like that? Would you 2 at yourself in the mirror like Nick Vujicic, the 29-year-old Australian?,A. arms B. ears C. eyes D. teeth2. A. laugh B. cryC. smile D. shout,Nick was born without limbs（四肢）, so life was not 3 for him. At school many students played jokes on him 4 he looked different from everyone else. He was refused to be 5 friends, so he always felt 6 . However, he faced that bravely. He 7 to type and write with two toes（脚趾）at the age