高中英语外研版必修4 课件模块一

1alternative adj. 替换的；供选择的1)adj. 替换的；二者择一的；供选择的The road was blocked, so we went by an alternative road.这条路被封锁了，因此我们走了另一条路。alternative energy 可替代能源an alternative plan 替代方案2)n. 二者择一；可供选择的办法/事物；选择余地have no alternative but “除外别无选择；只好”，后接to do sth.。They offered project alternatives to us.他们向我们提供了项目方案。,辨析：alternative与choice1)alternative指在两者之间作出选择；2)choice指一般意义上的选择。Thats the only alternative.没有选择余地。(没有第二个选择)Choice of the goal covers choice of the means.目标的选择包含着手段的选择。知识拓展1)alternative无比较级形式。2)alternate v. 轮流；交流；更迭；adj. 轮流的；可代替的；alter vt. 变更,即学即用(1)When all the oil in the world has been used up, what_energy shall we rely on?Aoptional BhopefulCactive Dalternative(2)用alternative的适当形式完成句子Besides this method, theres_(没有其他方法)to solve the problem.This Spring Festival I want to pay a visit to my home. But if I couldnt get the train ticket, I would take_(另一个计划)visiting the museum.,答案：(1)D(2)no other alternativethe alternative plan,2risky adj. 危险的；冒险的Sailing across the Atlantic alone is a risky thing.独自一人航行穿越大西洋是一件冒险的事。链接：nyadj.bloodbloody 流血的 mudmuddy 泥泞的sunsunny 阳光灿烂的 cloudcloudy 多云的rainrainy 下雨的 snowsnowy 下雪的windwindy 刮风的；多风的 tastetasty 美味的iceicy 冰的；冷漠的 greedgreedy 贪婪的fatfatty 肥胖的 fogfoggy 有雾的,知识拓展1)同义词：dangerous adj. 危险的2)risk作动词时，后接名词或动名词，但不能接动词不定式。3)at ones own risk 自担风险(同意不要求赔偿损失、损害等)at risk(in danger)处于危险之中；冒风险at the risk of 冒的风险at all risks/any risk 无论冒什么风险face/run risks/a risk 冒险take risks(a risk)to do. 冒险做,risk sth. 以为赌注risk doing 冒险做risk ones life to do sth. 冒着生命危险做You have no right to take risks/a risk with other peoples lives.你没有权利拿别人的生命去冒险。You are running a risk in trusting him.你信赖他要担风险。,即学即用Huang Wen took many photos in Yugoslavia_.(冒着生命危险)答案：at the risk of her life,3runn. 跑；奔；短途旅行There are no stops on the run to the coast.在去海滨的路途中没有车站。vi. & vt.1)跑；奔He ran across the road.他跑过了马路。2)(机器)转动；运转The engine runs well.发动机运转良好。,3)延伸；继续The road runs beside the river.这条路沿着河边延伸。4)经营；管理Its said that they are running a restaurant abroad.据说他们在国外经营一家餐馆。,知识拓展in the long run 从长远的观点来看；毕竟；终究in the short run 从短期来看；在短期内run across 无意间碰到run after 追逐；追求run against 撞上；违反run away 逃跑run away with (感情等)战胜；不受约束run over (车辆)碾压；匆匆看一遍；游览run into sb./sth. 偶遇某人/某物run through 浏览run out 逃开；用完,注意：1)run out意为“用完了”，为不及物动词，主语通常为时间、金钱、食物等。2)run out of意为“用完了”，为及物动词，表主动意义，主语一般为人。Her money has been run_out_of and her patience is also running_out.她的钱已经用完了，她的耐心也要耗尽了。,高考直击(1)(2008江西)Do you think we should accept that offer?Yes, we should, for we_such bad luck up till now, and time_out.Ahave had; is running Bhad; is runningChave; has been run Dhave had; has been run解析：考查时态。由up till now确定第一空应用完成时态；排除B、C。run out为不及物动词，无被动语态，排除D。答案：A,(2)(2009全国)They use computers to keep the traffic_smoothly.Abeing run BrunCto run Drunning解析：本题题意：他们使用计算机来保持交通畅通无阻。keep表示“保持或继续处于的状态”，后接形容词，现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、名词以及副词等担任宾语补足语，但不能采用不定式(短语)。例如：Sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 对不起，让你久等了。此外，run表示“运转；运行”时，通常用作不及物动词。例如：The machine wont run smoothly. 这台机器运转不灵。,答案：D,即学即用(2009临沂模拟)They had to find a pool before the water they had in the bottle_.Aput out Bkept outCran out Dused up答案：C,4limit vt. & n.1)vt. 限制；限定Lets limit our discussion to this subject.我们把讨论限制在这个题目上吧。2)n. 限度；极限；界限；界线；限量within the city limits 在该城范围内He tried my patience to its limits.他把我逼得忍无可忍了。,知识拓展within limits 适度地；有限度地without limit 无限地；无限制地to the limit 达到极点set a limit to sth. 对规定限度单词积累limited adj. 有限的limitless adj. 无限制的；无界限的；无止境的limitation n. 限制；控制My life is limited, but learning is limitless.吾生也有涯，而知也无涯。,即学即用(1)Is there any_to the time that I can stay here?Yes. You must leave here before he comes back.Anumber BlengthClimit Dmatter(2)We must set a limit_the expense of the trip.Aabout BtoCin Dfor答案：(1)C(2)B,5command n. & v. 命令；控制；指挥You must obey the captains commands.你必须服从船长的命令。He has 1,200 men under his command.他掌管着1,200人。,链接：具有“建议、命令、坚持、要求”等意义的词，接从句时，要用虚拟语气，其谓语形式为“(should)v.”。熟记下列顺口溜：一坚持：insist二命令：order, command三建议：suggest, propose, advise四要求：demand, desire, request, requireHe commanded that we(should)attack at once.他命令我们立即发起进攻。,知识拓展at command 掌握；可自由使用at sb.s command 听某人支配by sb.s command 受某人支配command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事have a good command of 精通in command of “某人统帅”，主语为人in the command of “某物在某人的统治之下”，主语一般是物,一言辨异“Who is in_command_of the army？”“The army is in_the_command_of general Brown.”“谁统率陆军？”“陆军由布朗将军统率。”,即学即用用名词command的适当形式完成句子。(1)Fire_(我一下令)(2)The army is_(由国王直接统率)(3)The king_(统帅)the army.(4)He has_(精通)German.(5)Captain Cook commanded that all the goods_into the sea.Ashould throw Bbe thrownCthrew Dshould thrown,答案：(1)when I give the command(2)in the direct command of the king.(3)takes command of(4)a good command of(5)B,6charge n. 费用；要价；控诉；v. 要价；充电The charge for a frontrow seat is 3.前排座位票价每张三美元。How much did he charge you for repairing the bicycle?他修理自行车收了你多少钱？He was charged with stealing a car.他被指控偷了一辆汽车。Does your car battery charge easily?你那辆汽车的蓄电池容易充电吗？,知识拓展have(the) charge of 负责；主管in charge 主管；负责；掌管take charge of 负责；看管under the charge of 在看管/负责之下free of charge 免费in the charge of sb. 由某人负责；由某人照料/管理in charge of 负全责；照顾；在掌管之下；由经管,高考直击(2007天津)One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living_.Abills BexpensesCprices Dcharges解析：句意为“一个月1000美元不是一笔财富，但是能帮助我支付我的生活费用”。A项意为“账单”；B项意为“花费；费用”，指的是各种可能的“开支；消费；收费”；C项意为“价格”；D项意为“索价；要价”。根据句意答案应选B。答案：B,即学即用(2009江苏锡山模拟)I have just had my watch repaired.How much did they_for that?Acost BchargeCspend Dpay答案：B,7attach vt.1)安装；贴上；系上She attached a stamp to the envelope and then mailed it.她在信封上贴上邮票，然后寄了出去。2)附加(署名、文件等)He attached his signature to the contract.他在合同书上签了字。3)使(组织)属于(附属)；使(人)属于Youll be attached to this department until the end of the years.你在年底前将暂属于这一部门。,4)给予(重要性)；认为；归于It is unwise to attach too much importance to the information.过于重视那个消息是不明智的。注意：attach为一词多义动词，常为考查的对象。其拼写形式要和动词attack“袭击；攻击”和attract“吸引”区别开来。,链接：be attached to. 附属于；依恋于attach sth. to sth. 将某物系在、缚在或附在另一物上attach oneself to sb. 和某人一起attach to sb. 与某人相关联,高考直击(2010江西卷，25)Parents_much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.AattachBpayClinkDapply解析：句意：父母都十分重视教育。他们竭尽所能想使孩子们拥有那种无价礼物。attach great importance to.“非常重视”；pay“付钱”；link.to.“把和连接在一起”；apply.to.“把应用于”。答案：A,即学即用It is said that this institute is_to the University of Texas.Abelonged BattachedCtied Dlooked答案：B,8power n. 体能；智能；能力；势力；v. 使有力量；供以动力She claims to have the power to see the future.她自称能预知未来。Atomic energy powers the submarine.原子能供给该潜艇动力。,知识拓展powerful adj. 强大的come to/into power(开始)掌权；上台in power 当权的；在朝的in ones power 为某人力所能及的out of/beyond ones power不能胜任；力所不及的,辨析：strength, force, energy, power1)strength常指固有的潜力。着重指人的“力气”，物的“强度”。2)force主要指自然界的力量、暴力、势力以及法律、道德或感情的力量、军事的力量等。3)energy主要指人的力量、自然界的能量。4)power主要指做一件事所依靠的能力、功能，人或机器等事物的力量，职权、权力或政权。,高考直击(2007福建)You are always full of_. Can you tell me the secret?Taking plenty of exercise every day.Apower BstrengthCforce Denergy解析：本题考查名词词义辨析。power“权力；势力”；strength“力气；优势”；force“力；武力”；energy“精力”。be full of energy指“精力旺盛”。答案：D,即学即用Ive bought lots of candles in case theres a_cut.Astrength BpowerCforce Denergy答案：B,1for sure 肯定地该短语是一非正式用语，在句中一般作状语，相当于certainly, unquestionably, without doubt.知识拓展be sure of 确信；深信make sure(of sth./that.) 弄清楚；确保sure to do sth. 一定；必定；无疑to be sure (承认事实)确实；诚然I am sure (口)的确；真的；一定sure enough 果真；的确；一定；毫无疑问Thats for sure. 那是肯定的。,辨析：be sure of/that与be sure to do,高考直击(2008四川)Can you show me Mr. Jaffers office, please?_. But I dont know if he is in at the moment.AThanks BGo onCSure DYou are welcome解析：本题题意：“你能带我去杰福先生的办公室吗？”“没问题，不过我不清楚他现在是否在办公室。”sure表示同意，译作“当然可以”。答案：C,即学即用She wont lend you any money, and thats_.Acertainly BsureCfor sure Dsurely答案：C,2such as“例如；诸如此类的”后面常接上述人或事物的解释语。I visited several cities such as New York, Chicago and Boston.我游览过几个城市，像纽约、芝加哥、波士顿等。辨析：such as, for example, namely1)such as作“例如”解，用来列举事物，对前面提到的名词进行列举说明，放在名词与被列举的事物之间。He speaks several languages, such as English, French and Japanese.他会说几种外语，比如英语，法语和日语。,注意：such as不能同and so on连用，不能说such as Jim, Jack and so on。2)for example意为“例如；比如”，在句中的位置较灵活，可以放在句首、句中或句尾，可用作独立成分，通常用逗号与所修饰的部分隔开。What would you do if you met a wild animala tiger, for instance？(可用for example)如果你见到野生动物，比如说一只老虎，你会怎么办？,3)namely是副词，意为“即；也就是”，放在被列举的事物前，要把前面的名词所应包含的事物全部列出；namely前需要有逗号，后面可以不用逗号。He speaks four languages, namely English, French, German and Russia.他说4种语言即英语、法语、德语和俄语。注意：namely要求所有项目全部列出，而such as只是作部分列举，所以，上面句中的namely不可换作such as。,高考直击(2008江西)My English teachers humor was_make every student burst into laughter.Aso as to Bsuch as toCsuch that Dso that解析：考查so与such用法的区别。由空格后的make排除C、D；A项so as to表示目的；因此只有B项正确。such as接不定式表结果。句意为“我们英语老师的幽默是如此好笑，惹得每个学生都放声大笑起来”。答案：B,即学即用Several Chinese films are rising to international fame, the Brokeback Mountain, _， directed by Ang Lee has won the Oscar Awards.Asuch as Bfor exampleCnamely Dthat is答案：B,3rely on 依靠；依赖该动词短语中介词on也可以使用upon来代替，相当于depend on/upon.As babies, we rely entirely on others for food.在婴儿时期，我们完全依赖别人喂食。You can rely on me to keep your secret.你可以相信我一定会为你保守秘密。,知识拓展rely on常见结构：,即学即用These products are very cheap because the price of raw materials the industry_remains low.Atakes on Brelies onCstands on Dkeeps on答案：B,4get rid of 摆脱；除去可用来指摆脱具体的人或物，也可以指抽象的疾病。He has been ill for more than one year and it seems that he can never get rid of the terrible disease.他病了一年多了，好像再也好不了了。,知识拓展1)be rid of sb./sth.(formal) 摆脱She wanted to be rid of her parents and their authority.她想摆脱父母及权威的束缚。2)rid sb./sth. of sb./sth. 除掉；去除Further measures will be taken to rid streets of crime.将采取进一步措施来防止街头犯罪。,即学即用(2009湖北宜昌模拟)One day we will manage to_the world of this terrible disease.Aget BridCbreak Dmove答案：B,5instead adv. 代替；顶替；更换If you cannot go, hell go instead of you.如果你不能去，他愿替你去。辨析：instead与instead of1)instead是副词，意思是“代替；顶替”，通常被放在句尾，在句中作状语。2)instead of是介词词组，意思除了“代替”外还有“而不是”之意。与一般介词词组不同的是，instead of除了后接名词、代词，也可以接动词的ing形式、动词不定式、介词短语等。它谈及的前后两个客体在意义结构上是对等的平行关系。,He gave me some advice instead of some money.He didnt give me any money. He gave me some advice instead.他没给我钱，而是给了我一些建议。I go to school by bike instead of on foot.I dont go to school on foot. Instead I go to school by bike.我骑自行车而不是步行去上学。,链接：(同)in place of 代替rather than 而不是take the place of 替代注意：in place of后通常只接名词或代词。,高考直击(2008湖南)Last night Mr. Crook didnt come back at the usual time._， he met some friends and stayed out until midnight.AMeanwhile BHoweverCInstead DYet解析：考查副词。句意为：昨天晚上克鲁克先生没有像往常一样回家，而是和朋友们在外面一直呆到深夜。instead“却；而是”。答案：C,即学即用He went to the station on foot_by bus to save money.Ain place of Bin placeCinstead of Dinstead答案：C,6carry out实行；进行；执行；完成We intend to carry out our new policy.我们打算实行新政策。注意：carry out短语中out是副词，宾语若是代词，代词放在carry与out中间；宾语若是名词，可放在其后或中间。,知识拓展carry off 赢得；获得；夺去carry/bring into effect 使生效；使起作用carry on with sth./doing sth. 继续下去；坚持下去；从事；经营carry sb. through 帮某人度过难关carry sth. through 成功完成；顺利实现She carried off most of the prizes for swimming.她获得了游泳项目的大多数奖项。,We must carry on till success although we may meet with a lot of difficulties.尽管我们会遇到很多困难，但是我们必须坚持下去，直到成功。,高考直击(2010浙江卷，8)The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if_regularly, can improve our health.Abeing carried out Bcarrying outCcarried out Dto carry out解析：句意：这项实验表明如果定期进行适量锻炼的话会改善我们的健康状况。此处为if从句的省略形式，完整的句子为：.if they are carried out regularly，.。根据省略原则，把相同的主语和系动词be省去。答案：C,即学即用The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_the next year.Acarry out Bcarrying outCcarried out Dto carry out答案：C,7look out意为“当心；小心”，相当于watch out, take care, be careful. 后接for，可表示“当心什么”，表示警告，尤指有危险。它还可表示“向外看”。Look out! Theres a car coming!小心！有车来了！Do look out for spelling mistakes in your work.一定要当心你作业中的拼写错误。,知识拓展look after 照顾；照料；管理look round 环顾四周look for 寻找；希望得到look forward to 盼望look into 调查；了解look down on/upon 俯视；轻视某人look up to 向上看；尊敬look on as 把看作；认为look through 通过看；检查,高考直击(1)(2008四川) I used to quarrel a lot with my parents, but now we_fine.Alook out Bstay upCcarry on Dget along解析：本题题意：我过去常常与父母争吵，但是现在我们相处得很好。get along/on(with sb)表示“(与某人)和睦相处，关系不错”。例如：He gets along well with his boss. 他和老板相处得很好。答案：D,(2)(2009江西)It is reported that the police will soon _ the case of the two missing children.A. look upon B. look afterC. look into D. look out解析：考查了动词短语的辨析。句意为“据报道警察将会很快调查这两起儿童失踪案件。”look into意为“调查”；look upon意为“认为；视为”；look after意为“照顾”；look out意为“注意；小心”。答案：C,即学即用_for the glass!Its OK. Im wearing shoes.ALook out BWalk outCGo out DSet out答案：A,8be optimistic about 对持乐观态度We should be optimistic about our future.我们对未来应持乐观态度。知识拓展1)be optimistic that.是乐观的The experts are optimistic that we will succeed.那些专家对我们的成功抱有乐观态度。2)optimism 乐观(主义)pessimism 悲观(主义)optimist 乐观主义者pessimist 悲观主义者optimistic 乐观主义的pessimistic 悲观主义的,1What will the city of the future look like?未来的城市将会是什么样子呢？本句话中用了“What will/do/did.主语look like？”句型结构，表示“主语看起来像什么样”，主要用来询问外在的情况，也可提问主语的性格或特征。注意：此句中的like是介词，不是动词(喜欢)。Hi, Jack, would you please tell me what the new teacher looks like?嗨，杰克，你能告诉我新来的老师长什么样吗？What does that book look like?那本书看上去如何？,辨析：What do/does sb. like与What be sb./sth. like与How do you like sb./sth.1)What do/does sb. like?表示“某人喜欢什么？”What do you usually like most in your school?在你的学校，你最喜欢什么？2)What be sb./sth. like? 表示“主语像什么样？”可以用来询问外在的情况，也可提问主语的性格或特征。Could you tell me what your baby son is like?你能告诉我你的儿子长什么样吗？What is your little brother like?你的弟弟性格如何？,3)How do you like sb./sth. 询问“对某人/某事的评价”(like也可换成find)How do you like the film shown yesterday?你对昨天放映的那部电影有何评价？,即学即用(2009成都模拟)_Oh, I often go to the river near our village and fish there.AWhat do you like? BWhat are you like?CWhat do you look like? DHow do you like?答案：A,2But one thing is certainthey are going to get bigger before they get smaller.但有一件事是可以肯定的它们将会先变大，然后再变小。破折号后面的这一分句中含有由before引导的时间状语从句，首先注意时态呼应。before的基本意义是“在之前”。其翻译句型主要有下列几种：1)“在之前”，这时主句的动作发生在前，其引导的从句动作发生在后。Before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test.在驾驶公共汽车前，他们必须通过专门测验。,2)“后才”，此时before从句强调从句动作发生得晚或慢，主句动作往往延续的时间长，表示“过了多久以后才发生某一动作”。He almost knocked me down before he saw me.他几乎要把我撞倒时才看见我。3)“就；便；快”等，此时主句的谓语动词为否定形式。It was not long before they rose up and kicked the enemy out of the country.不久他们就起来反抗并把敌人赶出了他们的国家。,4)“还没来得及就”，此时往往强调从句动作发生之前主句动作已发生。The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his child.他还没来得及冲进屋子救出孩子，房顶就倒塌了。注意：在写作中，我们可以经常使用这个句式，如：before we know/realize it表示“不知不觉中”。5)“趁着还没有”。I must write it down before I forget it.我必须趁着还没忘记它就把它写下来。6)在某些习语中还可译为“先再”。Look before you leap.三思而后行。,高考直击(1)(2010福建卷，26)The girl had hardly rung the bell _the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her. AbeforeBuntilCasDsince解析：考查连词。had hardly done sth. before/when表示“一就”。又如：We had hardly started before/when it began to rain.我们刚出发，就开始下雨。答案：A,(2)(2010陕西卷，20)John thinks it wont be long_he is ready for his new job.AwhenBafterCbeforeDsince解析：句意：John认为用不了多久他就会为自己的新工作做好准备。It wont be long before. 是个固定句型，意为“用不了多久就”。答案：C,即学即用(1)Ive never seen anyone run so fast_David go.Ajust watch Bjust to watchCjust watching Djust having watched(2)Scientists say it may be five or six years_it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.AsinceBafterCbeforeDwhen答案：(1)A(2)C,3To find out what young people think about the future of urban life, a teacher at a university in Texas in the United States asked his students to think how they would run a city of 50 000 people in the year 2050.为了解年轻人的对未来城市生活的观点，美国得克萨斯州一所大学的一位老师让他的学生们考虑他们将如何管理2025年一个拥有5万人口的城市。to find out what young people think about the future of urban life是动词不定式短语，在句中作目的状语。当作目的状语的不定式短语放于句首时，常用逗号与句子隔开；放于句中则不用逗号。为了使目的更加清楚或表示强调意义时，还可以用in order to或so as to，但要注意so as to不能用于句首。,He came to Australia to study kangaroos.他去澳洲是为了研究袋鼠。Ive written it down in order not to forget.我把它记下来，主要是防止忘了。He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.他大声叫喊并挥着手以便能被注意到。,高考直击(1)(2010全国卷，34)With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad.Abuy Bto buyCbuying Dto have bought解析：句意：父亲节即将到来之际，我从银行取了一些钱给父亲买礼物。不定式短语在句中作状语，表目的。答案：B,(2)(2009北京)All of them try to use the power of the workstation_information in a more effective way.Apresenting BpresentedCbeing presented Dto present解析：此处考查不定式作目的状语。答案：D,即学即用_late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.ATo sleep BSleepingCSleep DHaving slept答案：A,4To get rid of garbage problems, the city will load huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towards the sun, preventing landfill and environmental problems.为了摆脱垃圾问题的困扰，城市将会用巨型宇宙飞船载废弃材料，朝太阳发射，以防止垃圾填埋和环境问题的发生。1)to get rid of garbage problems是动词不定式短语，在句中作目的状语。preventing landfill and environmental problems是现在分词短语作状语，表示结果。The storm left, having caused a lot of damage to this area.暴风雨过去了，对这个地区造成了巨大的破坏。,注意：(1)分词作结果状语，通常表示一个自然形成的结果，是前面所述动作的直接结果。A number of new machines were installed in the factory, thus resulting in an increase in production.这家工厂安装了许多新机器，因而产量增加了。(2)不定式作