初二上册知识点 unit1

unit 1 How often do you exercise?,what do you usually do on weekends?1)这是一个由what引导的特殊疑问句。前一个do为助动词，本身无实际意义，用于构成疑问句结构；后一个do为实意动词“做，干”，是该句的谓语。助动词do要随人称、时态等做相应的变化。eg:What does she do on Sundays? What do they usually do in the evening?2)weekend n.周末（星期六、星期日）on weekends为固定词组，“在周末”，也可以说at weekendseg:I am going to the park this weekend.,I ususlly meet my friends on/at weekends.Many people go shopping on/at weekends.Does she work on weekends? 2.sometimes有时，是频度副词，表示动作发生的不经常性，多用于一般现在时。在句中位置比较灵活，可置于句首、句中或句末。Sometimes I go swimming in summer.He sometimes helps his mother do housework.She comes to visit us sometimes.,辨析 sometimes ,some times ,some time1).sometime也是副词，表示在过去或将来的“某个时候”，指的是时间点。I will buy a computer sometime next year.2)some times是名词短语，“几次（倍）”，time在此为可数名词“次数、倍数”He has been to Beijing some times.3)some time是名词短语“一些时间，一段时间”，指时间段。Ill be away for some time next month.,3.hardly everhardly是个否定副词，“几乎不，几乎没有”。hardly ever“很少，几乎没有”，表频率，通常位于be/助动词/情态动词之后，实意动词之前。She hardly ever goes out at night.He hardly ever goes to bed before midnight.扩展：always,usually,often,sometimes,hardly ever,never是频率副词，表示的频率由always向never递减。在句中位于通常位于be/助动词/情态动词之后，实意动词之前。,4.How often do you watch TV?1)how often用来询问动作的频率，即动作“多长时间发生一次”，回答可用once/twice/three times (a day)一天一/两/三次，sometimes“有时”，never“从不”，very often“经常”-How often do you read English books?-Every day.-How often does he go to the movies?-Twice a week.辨析how long how soon1)how long主要用来提问多长时间，答语通,常是two days,three years等表示一段时间的状语。-How long did you stay there?-Two hours.2)how soon用来询问“需要多长时间才会”，答语通常用“in+时间段”-How soon will you come back？-In a week.,watch vt.用来指非常仔细地、有目的的和特意的动作，“注视，观看，监视”之意。也常用于“看电视，看比赛”等短语中。The teacher often watches us playing games.Theyre going to watch the football match tomorrow.辨析；look see watch readlook为不及物动词，后接宾语时需接介词at，指看的动作。see vt./vi. 着重于看的结果read vt./vi.“看书，报”，意为“读”,Lets look at your photos.What can you see in the picture?Dont read in the sun.5.twice a week 1).twice是一个频度副词，表示“两次”，英语中次数的表示方法为“基数词+times”，其中一次为once，两次为twiceThey play volleyball twice a month.We have English classes three times a week.2).要表示某一动作在某段时间内发生的频,率，则用“次数+一段时间”，也是对how often引导的特殊疑问句的回答。-How often do you do exercise?-Three times a week. 6.I usually play soccer.play+球类/游戏类名词，不可加冠词。“play+the+乐器名”，必须加定冠词。play basketball ;play games ;play the piano扩展：play with+n.表示“玩.”,其后若跟“人”则表示“和某人一起玩” play with a doll ; play with fire play with the boy,7.no studentsno在此处做形容词，用于修饰名词，表示完全否定，相当于not.a/anyWe have no time to play soccer now.She doesnt have a/any sister. 8.Here are the results of the student activity survey at Green High school.1)该句是一个倒装句。将here置于句首是为了引起人们的注意。当here置于句首时，如果主语是代词，谓语应在主语之后；如果主语是名词，谓 语应置于其前。,Here are some glasses.Here is my coat.Here he comes.2)the result of.的结果。of后跟名词或动名词。Her blindness is the result of a car accident.9. Most students exercise three or four times a week.1)most做形容词，“多数的，大部分的”，用于修饰名词。Most books are in English.Most people think so.,扩展：most做代词，“大部分，大多数”，常与of连用构成“most of the+名词”结构。其中of后既可以接可数名词也可以接不可数名词。作主语时谓语动词的数与of后的名词一致。Most of the apples are red.Most of the apple has been eaten by rats.2)exercise v.运动，锻炼You should often exercise.He exercises three times a week.exercise n.表示体育锻炼，运动时是不可数名词；表示“练习，体操”时，是可数名词。Walking is good exercise.,We do morning exercises every morning.Do Exercise 1 and 2 now.10.as for至于，关于，其后可跟名词、代词或动名词做宾语。As for that computer,Im not telling you anything.As for me,I dont have a word about it.,语法规律总结： 一般现在时一概念：表示经常性习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态。常与always，usually，often，sometimes，hardly ever，never，once a week ,seldom连用二构成:1).当谓语动词为be动词时，根据人称和数的变化选择be动词2）当谓语动词 当主语为第一、第 二 人 称或复数时，谓语动 词用原型 为实意动词时 当主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形 式 （当主语为非你，非我的单数名词时，谓语用第三人称单数形式）,三.将动词变成第三人称单数形式的变化规则：1）一般情况下直接+s tell-tells speak-speaks2）以s、x、 ch、sh、o结尾的词+es go-goes teach-teaches wash-washes guess-guesses fix-fixes3）以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i+es fly-flies try-tries4）不规则变化：have-has,四。功能1.表示习惯性、规律性的动作（同概念）I never get up early on Sundays.2.表示现在的事实状态或动作。We all like football.Bird fly.3.表示客观真理，格言警句。The earth moves round the sun.Two and two makes four.Seeing is beliving.,11.But my mother wants me to drink it.want sb to do sth.想让某人做某事，其否定形式为want sb not to do sth.想要某人不要做某事I want you to listen to my new tapes.Mr. Li wants you not to stand here.want做及物动词，“想要”，后面还可接名词、动词动词不定式。I want some green tea.I want to speak good English.,12.She says its good for my health.1)be good for.“对.有好处，对.有益”，后接表示人或事物的名词。 反义词组为：be bad for“对.有害处”This book is good for children.Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.Vegetables are good for us.扩展：1）be good at“擅长，善于”，后接名词，代词或动名词。与do well in同义。I am not good at sports,but I like to watch them.,2).be good to对.好（和善，慈爱），其后一般接表示人的代词或名词。The boss is good to his workers. 3)health是不可数名词，“健康（状况）”，常用于be in good（bad，poor）health短语中，表示“身体好（不好）”Health is better than wealth.He often comes home to see his mother,because he is in bad health.healthy是形容词“健康的”，它是名词health+y构成的形容词，类似的有：windy，cloudy，sunny，snowy等,13.My eating habits are pretty good.1)habit做名词，“（个人）习惯，习性”I have a good habit of eating2）pretty做副词，“相当，颇”，用于修饰形容词或副词。Its pretty cold today.He speaks English pretty well.pretty还可做形容词，“美丽的，可爱的”，多用于小孩，妇女或较细小的东西，语气较弱。She is a pretty girl.I have a pretty house.,14.I try to eat a lot of vegetables.1)try to do sth.尽力去做某事，努力做某事I will try to help you。He tries to finish the work on time.2)try doing试着去做某事I will try answering the question.3)a lot of=lots of许多，即可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词。I got a lot of letters from Japan.Tom had a lot of work this week.辨析：a lot表示程度，相当于very much，much，意为“非常，十分”，用于修饰形容词,或副词计较级及动词。I feel a lot better.Thanks a lot.15.I look after my health.look after在本句中是“留意，重视”；还可以表示“照顾，照看”，相当于take care of。I have to look after my sick sister at home.You must look after your things.Please look after your badly well.=Please take good care of your baby.,16.Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different?the same as.与.相同，与他意思相反的词语是be different from“与.不同”the same.as.同.一样.,是一常用搭配。His dream is the same as mine.The two brothers look the same as each other.John is about the same age as Tom.Her hair is the same colour as her mothers.,17.I think Im kind of unhealthy.1)kind of常用于口语，“有点儿，有几分”，多用于修饰形容词或副词，表程度。He looked kind of angry.2)kind还可以表示“种类”There are all kinds of shoes in the shoe shop.3)unhealthy不健康的，是由“un+adj.”构成的形容词。un-为否定前缀happy-unhappy；fair-unfair,18.So maybe Im not very healthy,although I have one healthy habit.1)maybe做副词，“大概，可能”，相当于perhaps，常用于句首做状语。Maybe he is a teacher.Maybe he will come this afternoon.辨析：may+be“情态动词+动词原形”，“也许是，可能是”You may be right.=Maybe you are right.2)although=though是连词，引导让步状语从句，“虽然，尽管”，在英语里如果用了,although/though就不能用but，但可以用yet/still.Although/Though he is very old,(yet) he is quite strong.He works hard although/though he is in bad health.=He is in bad health but he works hard.19.Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play pingpong with her.at的用法：1）在某个时刻，时间之前 at 6 Oclock2)在固定短语之前 at night/noon,at teatime;at lunchtime;at the weekend.3)在节日之前 at Chrismas;at Easter介词in的用法1）在(一段时间)之内 in 3 minutes2)在年、月、季节前 in 1640；in may ； in spring3）表“之后” I will be back in a day。on的用法：在某一天，某个早上，某天前夕等,20.A lot of vegetable help you to keep in good health.1)help sb (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事，此处动词不定式符号可以用也可以不用，同义词组为help sb with sth.Ming ming often helps me (to) learn English.=Ming ming often helps me with my English.I often help my mother (to) do the housework.=I often helps my mother with the housework.,21.keep in good health保持身体健康，同意词组为keep healthy。Mr. Read exercises every day to keep in good health.Good eating habits help you keep in good health.22.You must try to eat less meat.must是情态动词，后面跟动词原形，没有人称和数的变化，表示“必须”，他表示说话人的主观看法，即认为有责任或义务去做某事。I must do my homework in the evening.You must listern carefully.,You mustnt play soccer in the street.扩展：在一般现在时态中，含有must的一般疑问句要将其提到主语之前。且Must I/we .?否定回答：No，you neednt.或No,you dont have to.因为mustnt表示“不准，禁止”，语气非常强烈-Must I clean the classroom now,