全自动清洗车的结构和控制方式改进毕业课程设计外文文献翻译、中英文翻译

目录1 英文文献翻译11.1 Design of Road Guardrail Cleaner11.2中文翻译102 专业阅读书目152.1 机电一体化系统设计152.2 机械设计152.3 Creo2.0机械设计教程内容摘要：162.4 机械原理162.5 理论力学172.6 机械设计课程设计172.7 机械零部件选用与设计182.8 现代工程制图192.9 材料力学192.10单片机原理及接口技术20I1 英文文献翻译1.1 Design of Road Guardrail CleanerAs a difficulty of mechanical cleaning, stubborn stain cleaning has not been solved well in theory and technology.The author hopes to provide references for further research in the industry through relevant analysis and research.2 mechanical cleaning object analysis of the structure of urban road a guardrail guardrail 2.1 mainly has two kinds: one kind is composed of circular cross section of steel or steel pipe welding, each paragraph by bolt connection;The other is made by welding square - section steel pipes.Road guardrails are often made of wire.The shape of standard guardrail is formed by round iron rod welding of square pipe frame. The unit size is 3 m long, 0.07 m wide and 1.4 m high.2.2 common guardrail stains include loose particle dust, stubborn dust scab and oil-based stains.Loose particles of dust float in the air or stay on the surface of all objects. The contact surface with guardrail unit is small, and the internal connection of dust is loose, so it is easier to be washed by water.Scab is stubborn dirt particles and environmental chemical pollutants on the guardrail, hydrate through a tight structure, formed in the drying process of dust mixture by a variety of ingredients, mud, organic matter and bacteria stains, binding force between particles is large, low pressure flush.With the improvement of peoples living standard and the rapid development of industry, more and more types of stains, more and more complex components.The besmirch is mainly divided into oil base and water base.Fence oil stain is much by automobile exhaust or other life form that rely on oil droplet surface adsorption capacity, high Angle surface tension infiltration, binding force in the middle and both high pressure and low pressure cleaning work very hard, need chemical modification or add cleaning fluid can be removed.The stubborn dirt formed by crusts and oil - based stains is often characterized by large thickness.The actual investigation found that the degree of contamination of guardrails with stubborn stains was often more than 8.3mg /cm2 times that of standard guardrails.The actual test also shows that it is very difficult to achieve the ideal cleanliness after one cleaning, and it often takes multiple cleaning processes to achieve the ideal state.3. Technical scheme for stubborn stain cleaning 3.1 four-roll brush rolling brush with clamping brush can be cleaned by shock and friction on guardrail stains with the help of water cleaning.Study found that roller group, such as using vertical spread out, parallel to each others way, to the clamp can be folded double guard rail, column in the four corners, its neighboring roller in the opposite direction, can maximize brooming to fence the impact of the output and the friction.Each brush is driven by an independent hydraulic motor to rotate, and each rotating shaft is set up with a superposition brush disk arranged in sequence and interval.The previous practice shows that the diameter, speed, material and speed of the brush are the four factors that influence the cleaning effect of road guardrail.The larger the diameter, the greater the overlapping range of the brush and clip, the greater the cleaning effect.The higher the speed, the better the force of the brush head to hit the stain and the better the effect of the scratch.Due to the irregular shape of road guardrail, it is necessary to have enough flexibility to cover the contour of the guardrail.And the faster the car wash, the worse the cleaning effect.Guardrail cleaning cars to strengthen the model technical sketch test results show that the speed of 1.9 7.5 km/h, to maintain cleanliness by more than 90%, the roller should be 500 600 mm in diameter, rotating speed is 350 500 r/min, brushing material appropriate USES hard brush nylon yarn and nylon fabric compounded article soft brush.3.2 the combination of high and low pressure water will take a certain time to clean any dirt with water.Stains from water, the first experience is wetting, consumption after a short time, stain between particles and guardrail thickening of bound water on the surface of membrane, reduce the surface tension, binding force attenuation, followed by external hydraulic impact, brush friction effect, start off the fence surface besmirch, stain forming foam, stains, finally complete a cleaning process.It is found that the time taken for various kinds of stains to be soaked into impact-friction-stripping has a great influence on the cleaning effect and cleaning efficiency of the first cleaning process.According to this rule, we introduced high pressure atomized water in advance to realize the wetting of guardrail, and achieved good results in improving the cleaning ability of guardrail.The specific cleaning sequence is: before rolling brush, the high pressure nozzle is used to form a atomized atmosphere to conduct three-dimensional infiltration of guardrail stains.After a certain amount of infiltration time, re-intervention brush washing, low pressure water spray brush.After washing by rolling brush, some stains will remain on the surface of guardrail in the form of traces, although the original surface position is stripped off by the brush.At the same time, under the guardrail, some of the besmirch flow is still in the process of running down the guardrail.If the cleaning process is finished at this time, the surface of guardrail is often left with brush marks and stagnant sewage flow marks, and the apparent cleanliness is obviously insufficient.Therefore, an additional high pressure nozzle should be placed in relay after rolling brush, which is specially responsible for cleaning brush marks, and at the same time to drive and accelerate the dirt flow out of the guardrail.The cleaning sequence is an ideal and efficient cleaning process.Before and after the author in the study also found that the roller set low pressure and high pressure nozzle in the 2 groups, the before and after low pressure nozzle to the four roller, the rolling brush brush with water, and before and after high pressure nozzle is mainly to the guardrail, prewatering barrier not only before the scrub, and also can get effective flushing after scrubbing, to complete the pre wetting the scrub flushing mode of strengthening, is helpful to improve the cleaning effect.Experimental results also show that the mode is very suitable for cleaning adhesive stubborn stains, severe pollution of the guardrail, standard guardrail cleaning cleanliness can be increased from 90% of the national standard requirements to more than 95%, even 97%。With the development of national economy, the highway mileage is more and more long, and the highway guardrail cleaning is relatively lag, dirty barrier affects the road of beautiful, affect the overall image of the city, but also the status quo for the development of cleaning device for road fence is a good opportunity, without such equipment domestic molding products, the high price of imports from abroad, my unit decision in original by the small gasoline engine by belt transmission to drive the cantilever for guardrail cleaning brush miao simple equipment is developed on the basis of a new generation of automatic barrier wash the car.According to the actual situation of highway guardrail cleaning, the following research requirements are put forward: good cleaning effect (after cleaning guardrail can achieve clean and tidy);Without changing the driving direction, the left and right side guardrails can be cleaned, that is, two-way cleaning can be realized.Environmental protection, low noise, water saving, no more than twice a working day, high efficiency (the actual working distance per working day is no less than 30 km);Fully automatic operation, all processes can be set up for automation, which can be completed independently by the operator in the drivers cab to achieve man-machine dialogue.Safety facilities complete, overall beautiful, generous.1 scheme selection:(1) the overall control structure of the new generation guardrail cleaning vehicle is composed of an electric control cylinder (which makes the brush rod expand back and forth)(2) the choice of control mode there are two basic control modes in the current industrial system, one is the wiring program control and the other is the storage program control.The biggest drawback of the thread-connect control system is that the modifications to the control program must be made by changing the wiring.Memory program control refers to the dominant control system work program stored in memory, the system to complete the control task is done by the program memory, such a system called the stored program control system.The program is expressed by the program language, so called software program, programmable controller and microcontroller belong to the storage program controller.According to the research and development requirement of the new generation guardrail cleaning car, it is decided to adopt the storage program control system.(3) the choice of controller in current industrial production, MCU or programmable controller are often used for complex control systems.MCU wiring is multifarious, programming the demand is higher, when debugging is quite intricate, not convenient for the upgrading of production technology, PLC programmable controller MCU can make up for these deficiencies.Because the guardrail cleaning equipment as control object has the following characteristics: the control of the object itself is composed of several interconnected parts, both several control child objects, all kinds of control quantity is given priority to with switch quantity, dont need complicated mathematical model and calculation, therefore, choose the programmable controller PLC + HMI (text control display) to set the automatic control of guardrail cleaning.(4) the structure of the components (product) or type (purchased parts) the choice of the guardrail cleaning car normal cleaning speed for 5-10 km/hour, homework brush seedlings best speed to 200 R/min, brush to work the most R g diameter 900 mm or more, effective working length L 620 mm or less brush, brush shaft speed n p 200 RPM, tank one-off filling water Q 3 tons or more.2. Control program design of guardrail cleaning vehicleWas press the drive motor of electric work, start working air compressor, air pressure increases, when the pressure rises to a certain pressure, press the starting switch, electromagnetic valve electricity, cleaning arm driven by cylinder reaches outward, when extending to the limit, met the limit switch, stop the overhanging the cleaning arm, delay for a few seconds later, cleaning brush, we started running when sprinkling water press the switch, the pump start sprinkler, when after the completion of the cleaning, cleaning the car had been ordered to stop, first is to stop water, then wash brushes stalling, after the cleaning brush completely halt, cylinder, electromagnetic valve, power cylinder cleaning (arm) began to recovery,When the recovery reaches the limit, it encounters the internal limit switch. At this point, the recovery of the cleaning arm stops completely.At this point, the cleaning car has completed a cleaning cycle through a total of eight processes.The operation mode of the new generation of automatic guardrail cleaning vehicle is split operation mode and automatic operation mode, among which the automatic operation mode is divided into left cleaning automatic operation and right cleaning automatic operation.Manual operation: manual operation is to use the button operation, to clean the car each movement mode independently control.Air compressor starter button, for example, air compressor, when need to wash arm outrigger or recycling, press the cylinder solenoid valve (hereinafter referred to as the valve) start button, the cleaning arm outrigger, press the stop button, recycling, cleaning arm when sprinkling water sprinkling water need to choose the pump or not, press start button, the water valve pump began to water;Press again to stop the water spraying.When it is necessary to select cleaning brush to start cleaning or stop cleaning, press the motor start button, relay connection, waterproof motor to start running, cleaning brush to start working;Press again, waterproof motor stop, cleaning brush stop working.The left side is automatically cleaned. When the left side guardrail is automatically cleaned on the main menu, the cleaning car starts from the origin and the left side guardrail is automatically cleaned according to the fixed procedure.The starting order is: the left side of the brush sticks out, after 6 seconds, the brush rotates, and the water spraying begins.When the return button is pressed, the cleaning car will stop cleaning and reset automatically.Similarly, when automatic cleaning of the right guardrail is selected on the main menu, the cleaning car starts from the origin, and the right guardrail is automatically cleaned according to the fixed procedure.The starting order is: the right brush extends out, after 6 seconds the brush rotates, and the water spraying begins.When the return button is pressed, the cleaning car will stop cleaning and reset automatically.3. Selection of PLCDue to the I/O points for the 9/20 point, considering the car cleaning operation process is fixed, the PLC I/O points can leave no margin on this, in combination with the relevant information presented models, finally chose the mitsubishi FX series PLC, host selection FXON - 24 Mr,FXON-16EYR was selected for the expansion unit and FXON-3AD was selected for the expansion unit. This system has 15 input points and 28 output points, which can fully meet the needs of the new generation of guardrail cleaning vehicles.4. Selection of HMI and setting of man-machine dialogue interfaceDue to the relatively poor working environment of guardrail cleaning vehicle, mitsubishi was chosen to update the control system technology in the futureThe gp370-wl touch screen is produced as the required HMI.Setup of the man-machine dialogue interfaceThe main menu1. Automatically clean the left side guardrail2. Automatically clean the right guardrail3. Manual operation5 PLC programmingWhen the PLC is energized, the host is connected and the state is reset.Then the air compressor began to operate and the pressure went up.At the same time the body rear speed limit display open.When selecting manual operation on the touch screen, enter the manual program. If the selection is not manual operation, do not execute the manual program.When the left side guardrail is automatically cleaned on the touch screen, the system will enter the left side guardrail cleaning program automatically. When this button is not selected, the system will not execute this program.When the right guardrail is automatically cleaned on the touch screen, the system will automatically enter the right guardrail cleaning program. When this button is not selected, the system will not execute this program.Guardrail cleaning car automatic cleaning is a sequential action step control, sequence of operation in the automatic cleaning should be: (1) cylinder drives the cleaning brush overhang (2) extending to the limit, cleaning brush to rotate (3) the water valve begins to turn water (4) the roof lights and cleaning instructions.Design of automatic closing program for automatic cleaning of left guardrail: the automatic closing (reset) program is relatively simple.(2) stop operation of left front cleaning brush and left rear cleaning brush;(3) the left front air valve is closed, the left rear air valve is closed, and the cylinder drives cleaning brush to recover;(4) the water pump is stopped.6. Analysis of installation and debugging resultsFrom the perspective of the installation and debugging results of the last, the development of a new generation of guardrail cleaning car cleaning effect is very good, text display control, programmable controller performance matching, man-machine dialogue interface conform to the requirements of the production operation, back speed monitor and its roof lights installed better protect the safety of operating personnel.All kinds of operations of the application software can be through text control display calls, switching.Automatic cleaning, automatic reset, fault detection, emergency stop, etc. can all operate accurately.The cleaning effect is also very satisfying.At least 30 km (4 hours) of guardrail cleaning can be completed every working day, which fully meets the development requirements.7 conclusionThe retrofit is developed on the original cleaning car structure and control method of the full update, after the retrofit of a new generation of automatic car guardrail cleaning completely realized high speed highway guardrail automatic cleaning, all process can be performed by operators in the driving room, operation is convenient, safe, and the overall design is beautiful, generous, rational, cleaning effect is very good, can completely replace the manual cleaning in practical work.1.2中文翻译顽固污渍的清洗作为机械清洗的一个难点,在理论与技术上始终都没有得到很好地解决。笔者希望通过相关的分析研究,为业内今后进一步的研究提供借鉴。2机械清洗作业对象分析 2.1道路护栏城市道路护栏的结构形式主要有2种:一种是由圆形截面的钢筋或钢管焊接而成,每段通过螺栓连接;另一种是由方形截面的钢管焊接而成。道路护栏材料常常为线材。标配护栏外形构造为方管框架圆形铁棍组焊而成,单元尺寸为长3 m、宽0.07 m、高1.4 m。2.2护栏污渍常见的护栏污渍包括散粒灰尘、顽固灰土痂和油基污渍等3种。散粒灰尘浮沉在空气中或停留在所有物体表面,与护栏单位接触面小,灰尘内部连接也松散,因而比较容易被水力清洗。顽固灰土痂是颗粒和环境化学污染物水合在护栏上,经过一个干燥过程中形成的紧密结构,由多种成分的尘土混和物、泥浆、有机质以及菌类等污渍组成,粒间结合力很大,低压冲洗难以奏效。随着人们生活水平的提高,工业迅速发展,污渍的种类越来越多,成分越来越复杂。污渍主要分油基和水基2种。护栏油基污渍多由汽车尾气或其它生活排污形成,依靠油粒表面吸附力、大浸润角表面张力结合,结合力居中,无论高压、低压清洗都很难奏效,需要化学改性或添加清洗液才可以清除掉。顽固灰土痂和油基污渍构成的顽固污渍,还常常具有厚度大的特点。