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附录附录1CHINASCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYANDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEMAINACHIEVEMENTSOFCRUTCHESABSTRACTTHISPAPERATHOROUGHREVIEWOFCHINASCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYINDUSTRYINTHE50YEARSOFTHEFOUNDINGOFTHEDEVELOPMENTPROCESS,ONCHINASCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYINDUSTRYACHIEVEDAMAJORTECHNOLOGICALACHIEVEMENTS,POINTINGOUTTHATTHEINDUSTRYSTECHNICALLEVELWITHTHEINTERNATIONALADVANCEDLEVELINTHEGAPANDFUTURECONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYPRODUCTSINTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTECHNICALCHARACTERISTICSKEYWORDSCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYTECHNOLOGYDEVELOPMENTCONSTRUCTIONOFCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYISTHEMAINTECHNICALEQUIPMENT,TOENSUREPROJECTQUALITY,IMPROVECONSTRUCTIONEFFICIENCY,SPEEDUPTHEPROGRESSOFTHEPROJECT,REDUCELABORINTENSITYOFWORKERSANDGUARANTEEOFSAFETYPLAYSANIMPORTANTROLETHEFOUNDINGOFNEWCHINA50YEARSAGO,ESPECIALLYAFTERTHETHIRDPLENUMOFTHE11THPARTYCONGRESS,CONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYANDSUPPORTINGTHECAUSEOFBUILDINGTECHNOLOGYWITHCHINASRAPIDDEVELOPMENTHASALSOMADESIGNIFICANTPROGRESSANDACHIEVEDGREATACHIEVEMENTS1DEVELOPMENTSINCE1949,CONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYINDUSTRYFROMSCRATCH,FROMSMALLTOLARGE,EXPERIENCEDASTARTUP,INDUSTRYFORMATIONANDDEVELOPMENTOFTHREEHIGHSPEEDDEVELOPMENTPERIOD11INDUSTRYSTARTUPPERIODOFINTHEEARLYYEARSOFNEWCHINA,THECONSTRUCTIONSITEOFCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYARELEFTOVERFROMOLDCHINABOLAIPIN,CHINAHASNOTYETPROFESSIONALCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYFACTORYFORTHERESUMPTIONOFWARSUFFEREDSERIOUSDAMAGEDUETOTHENATIONALECONOMY,TOALARGESCALEECONOMICCONSTRUCTIONUPSURGEINTHEDEMANDINTHEMID1950S,SOMEOFCHINASCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYREPAIRWORKSHOPPLANTANDOTHERMACHINERYFACTORYGRADUALLYDEVELOPEDINTOAPROFESSIONALCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYBUILTFACTORYINADDITIONTOTHEREPAIROFCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERY,BEGANIMITATINGFOREIGNCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERY,SUCHASTHEALKALINERESISTANTDRUMDRUMMIXER,26TBOOMTOWERCRANE,FIGHTINGCAPACITYANDMECHANICALEXCAVATORS,THELARGESTSINCETHEWEIGHTOF10TAND15TOFMECHANICALCRAWLERCRANESAND58T,812T,12153STATICGRIND,SUCHASROLLER1956,THEORIGINALCONSTRUCTIONOFTHEBUILDINGMECHANICALDESIGNESTABLISHMENTOFTHEROOMAFTERTHEDEVELOPMENTOFMACHINERYFORTHECONSTRUCTIONOFMETALSTRUCTURESRESEARCHDESIGNINSTITUTEANDTHEINSTITUTEOFCONSTRUCTIONANDMECHANIZATION,THESTARTOFUNIFIEDPLANNINGANDDEVELOPMENTOFCHINASINDEPENDENTCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYPRODUCTSⅡREDFLAGFROMTHETOWERCRANEANDTHEWEIGHTOF10TAND20TOFTHECABLECRANESATTHATTIME,ANDSOISTHEREPRESENTATIVEOFCHINASSELFDEVELOPEDNEWPRODUCTS12DURINGTHEFORMATIONOFINDUSTRY1961TO1978ISAPERIODOFCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYINDUSTRYIN1961,FORMERFIRSTMINISTRYOFMACHINEINDUSTRYBUREAUOFTHEFIFTH,UNIFIEDMANAGEMENT,PLANNINGOFTHECONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYANDCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYINDUSTRIALDEVELOPMENTSTATECOUNCILDECIDEDTOEXCAVATORPLANTINFUSHUN,MININGMACHINERYFACTORYINGUIYANG,CONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYPLANTINZHENGZHOU,BEIJINGCRANEPLANT,XUZHOUHEAVYMACHINERYPLANT,SHENYANGFENGDONGGONGJUPLANTS,XUANHUACONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYFACTORY,SHAOGUANEXCAVATORFACTORYPLANTWASPLACEDUNDER20ONEOFTHECENTRALIZEDLEADERSHIPOFTHEDEPARTMENT,SPECIALIZINGINTHEPRODUCTIONOFEXCAVATORS,CRANES,SCRAPER,BULLDOZERS,SUCHASPNEUMATICZAOYANJIXIE1963,THEMINISTRYOFCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYBUILTMETALSTRUCTUREOFTHEDEPARTMENTOFDESIGNINSTITUTEWASPLACEDUNDERAMACHINE,CHANGEDITSNAMETOAMINISTRYOFCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYINSTITUTEMINISTRYOFTHEORIGINALBUILDINGWHICHAGROUPOFCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYMANUFACTURERS,SUCHASTHESHANGHAICONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYPLANT,LIUZHOUENGINEERINGMACHINERYPLANT,THEHARBINENGINEERINGMACHINERYPLANTATTHESAMETIME,SUCHASAPLANEWASPLACEDUNDERTHEMINISTRY1964,THESTATEECONOMICCOMMISSIONANDAPPROVEDBYTHEMINISTRYOFAMACHINE,TOADJUSTPRODUCTIONLAYOUT,THEYANGTZERIVERMOVINGCRANEPLANT,THEYANGTZERIVEREXCAVATORPLANT,THEYANGTZERIVERHYDRAULICENGINEERINGFACTORY,PUSHENMACHINERYPLANTANDTHEYELLOWRIVERENGINEERINGMACHINERYPLANTDURINGTHISPERIOD,THEFORMERSOVIETUNIONINTHEJANUARY5DURINGTHEORIGINALCONSTRUCTIONAIDWHICHTHEMINISTRYOFNORTH,NORTHEAST,NORTHWEST,CHINAANDSOUTHAFRICA,SOUTHWESTOFFIVEMETALSTRUCTUREPLANTALSOPRODUCESCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERY,PRODUCTIONPLANNINGEXCAVATORS,CRANESPROJECT,THEMOBILEDUMPTRUCK,BULLDOZERS,ANDSOONCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYANDSCIENTIFICRESEARCHUNITSOFPROFESSIONALDEVELOPMENT,RESEARCH,DEVELOPMENT,TESTINGSYSTEMANDGRADUALLYFORM,ENHANCETHEINDEPENDENTDEVELOPMENTOFCAPACITY1961,AMACHINESETUPTHEDEPARTMENTOFMECHANICALENGINEERINGINSTITUTEIN1969,ANINSTITUTEOFTHEMINISTRYOFCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYTOMOVETOBEIJINGFROMHUNAN,CHANGEDITSNAMETOAMACHINEOFTHECHANGSHAINSTITUTEOFMACHINEBUILDINGNOWTHEMINISTRYOFCONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYRESEARCHINSTITUTEINCHANGSHA；IN1977,CHINAARCHITECTUREDESIGNANDRESEARCHINSTITUTEINLANGFANGCITY,HEBEIRECONSTRUCTIONMECHANIZEDINSTITUTEIN1979,THEREDEVELOPMENTOFTHEMINISTRYOFCONSTRUCTIONINBEIJING,BEIJINGCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYRESEARCHINSTITUTETHEMINISTRYOFCOMMUNICATIONS,MINISTRYOFRAILWAYSHASALSOSETUPTHERELEVANTSCIENTIFICRESEARCHUNITSTHESECONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYANDSCIENTIFICRESEARCHUNITSHAVEDIFFERENTRESEARCHANDTECHNICALFOCALPOINTPRODUCTSLARGEANDMEDIUMSIZEDCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYFACTORIESHAVEALSOESTABLISHEDTHEINSTITUTEFORPRODUCTDEVELOPMENTORDESIGNBRANCH,INTHEFACTORYONTHEDIRECTIONOFPRODUCTDEVELOPMENTANDDESIGNINTHISPERIOD,MORETHAN20INSTITUTIONSOFHIGHERINDUSTRIALCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYORSETUPAPROFESSIONALENGINEERINGMACHINERY,ANDSOMEINSTITUTIONSHAVESETUPRESEARCHINSTITUTES,PARTICIPATEDINTHENATIONALKEYSCIENTIFICRESEARCHPROJECTSOFTHERESEARCHWORKINAPERIODOFINDUSTRY,CONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYANDCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYOFTHEINCREASINGVARIETYOFNEWPRODUCTSDEVELOPEDFASTERIN1965,ONLY147SPECIES,TO1974TODEVELOPTHE225IN1978,HASGROWNTOMORETHAN350,MANYDOMESTICPRODUCTTOFILLTHEGAPSSOMEMODELSSUCHASHYDRAULICEXCAVATORS,TRUCKCRANE,TOWERCRANES,BULLDOZERS,LOADERS,DRUMDIESELPILEDRIVERS,STATICROLLERTHREEROLLERS,ALKALINEMIXER,PHVIBRATORS,PNEUMATICROCKDRILLINGTOOLSANDOTHERPRODUCTSHASBASICALLYTAKENSHAPESERIESAMONGTHEM,CONCRETEMIXERS,DUMPMOTORVEHICLES,SILICONVIBRATORS,WINCH,WASHIHANGTUMACHINES,STEELPROCESSINGMACHINERY,FENGDONGGONGJUANDOTHERPRODUCTSCANBASICALLYMEETTHEDOMESTICNEEDSWITHOUTIMPORTSWITHTHENEWPRODUCTSINCREASE,ANDANUMBEROFPROPERTIESBEHINDTHEOLDPRODUCTS,SUCHAS5TMECHANICALTRUCKCRANE,STEAMROLLERS,INTHELOWFREQUENCYCONCRETEVIBRATORS,RAISETHEBLADEOFBULLDOZERSANDOTHERWIREROPEBEELIMINATED13HIGHSPEEDDEVELOPMENTPERIODOFINDUSTRYFROM1978AFTERTHETHIRDPLENUMOFTHE11THPARTYCONGRESSUNTILNOW20,ISCHINASCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYINDUSTRYHIGHSPEEDDEVELOPMENTPERIOD1978,THESTATECOUNCILDECIDEDTOCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYANDCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYISDIVIDEDINTOTWOMANUFACTURINGMANAGEMENTSYSTEMBULLDOZERS,LOADERS,TRUCKCRANE,FORKLIFTTRUCKS,CONSTRUCTIONMACHINERY,SUCHASZAOYANJIXIEAPLANEFROMTHEDEPARTMENTOFMANAGEMENTANDOTHERCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYBYTHESTATECONSTRUCTIONCOMMITTEELATERCHANGEDTOTHEMINISTRYOFCONSTRUCTIONMANAGEMENTDURINGTHISPERIOD,SINCECHINAADOPTEDECONOMICCONSTRUCTIONASTHECENTERANDTHEPOLICYOFREFORMANDOPENINGUP,CONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYBOOMINGMARKETDEMAND,THEDEVELOPMENTOFNEWPRODUCTSTOFURTHERACCELERATETHEDEVELOPMENT,PRODUCTSERIALIZATIONLEVELHASBEENENHANCEDACCORDINGTODIFFERENTCONSTRUCTIONMECHANIZATIONOFTHEREQUIREMENTSOFTHECONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYANDCOMPLETESETSOFDEVELOPMENT,DEVELOPMENT,PRODUCTIONWITHRAPIDDEVELOPMENTTHETYPEOFCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYHASGROWNTOINCLUDEMININGMACHINERY,TRANSPORTMACHINERYOFSOIL,ENGINEERINGCRANES,PILETHEMACHINERY,COMPACTINGMACHINERY,ROADMACHINERY,CONCRETEMACHINERY,CONCRETEPRODUCTSMACHINERY,STEELANDPRESTRESSEDMACHINERY,HIGHALTITUDEOPERATINGMACHINERY,MECHANICALRENOVATION,MUNICIPALMACHINERY,SANITATIONMACHINERY,GARDENMACHINERY,ELEVATORS,ESCALATORSANDAUTOMATICSIDEWALKS,WASTEDISPOSALEQUIPMENT,WINDOWSANDDOORSMANUFACTURINGMACHINERY,ANDOTHER18MAJORCATEGORIESINTHIS18MAJORCATEGORIES,THECATEGORYISDIVIDEDINTO180GROUPSTO1989THEREWERE219PRODUCTS,655TYPES,1065SPECIFICATIONS,2026MODELSTHETECHNOLOGICALLEVELCANBEDIVIDEDINTOTHE50SLEVELOFA556MODEL,THE1960STOEARLY1970SLEVELSBY1003MODELS,THELATE1970SANDEARLY80SALEVELOF457MODELSDURINGTHISPERIOD,THECONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYINDUSTRYCONSCIENTIOUSLYIMPLEMENTTHEOPENDOORPOLICY,INTRODUCEDALARGENUMBEROFADVANCEDFOREIGNTECHNOLOGY,INTRODUCEDFROMABROADHAVE125MODELSTHROUGHTHEINTRODUCTIONOFMODELSOFDIGESTIONANDABSORPTIONANDCHINA,CHINASCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYOFTHEMAJORAIRCRAFTOFTHEPRODUCTSTRUCTUREANDPERFORMANCEACHIEVEDINAFOREIGNCOUNTRY,THELATE1970SEARLY1980SLEVELJUNE5TOTHEPRESENT,CHINASCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYINDUSTRYTOFURTHERACCELERATETHEPACEOFTECHNOLOGICALTRANSFORMATIONANDTECHNOLOGYTRANSFER,INVESTMENTINTECHNOLOGICALTRANSFORMATIONOFUPTO20BILLIONYUAN,TOTALTECHNOLOGYIMPORTPROJECTSREACHED99,CONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYPRODUCTSHAVEBEENDEVELOPEDTOTHESPECIFICATIONSOFOVER1300,MODELOVER2500TOWERCRANES,HYDRAULICEXCAVATORS,VIBRATORYROLLER,HYDRAULICPILEDRIVER,CONCRETEMIXINGPLANTANDSILICONPUMPTRUCKS,CRAWLERCRANES,ASPHALTPAVERSILICON,ELEVATORSANDESCALATORS,ANDOTHERMAJORMODELSHASREACHEDTHELEVELOFSKILLSFOREIGNTHELATE1980SEARLY1990S,THETECHNICALLEVELABUILTEIGHTNEWPRODUCTSANDTECHNOLOGIESWONSTATELEVELSCIENTIFICANDTECHNOLOGICALPROGRESSAWARDS,91AREMINISTERIALLEVELSCIENTIFICANDTECHNOLOGICALPROGRESSAWARDS,MORETHAN100CITIESHUOSHENG9SCIENTIFICANDTECHNOLOGICALPROGRESSAWARDSANDOTHERINCENTIVESCHINASCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYINDUSTRYAFTER50YEARSOFDEVELOPMENT,ESPECIALLYSINCEREFORMANDOPENINGUPOFRAPIDDEVELOPMENT,HASBEENFORMEDTOCOMPLETEABASICPRODUCTCATEGORIES,SPECIFICATIONSFAIRLYCOMPLETEVARIETY,TECHNICALSTANDARDSANDCONTINUOUSLYIMPROVEPRODUCTQUALITY,DOMESTICPRODUCTIONCANMEETTHEBASICNEEDSOFACERTAINPRODUCTIONSCALEINDUSTRIESATPRESENT,THEINDUSTRYALREADYHASMORETHAN1,000MANUFACTURERS,PRODUCTIONAMOUNTEDTOMORETHAN450PRODUCTVARIETIESACCORDINGTOTHEMINISTRYOFCONSTRUCTIONIN1997ONTHEORIGINALSYSTEMTHEBACKBONEOFCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYMANUFACTURINGENTERPRISESTOINCOMPLETESTATISTICS,CONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYPRODUCTSIN1997FOR13BILLIONYUANOUTPUTVALUE,PRODUCTSALESWERE162BILLIONYUANADMISSION,FOREIGNEXCHANGEEARNEDTHROUGHEXPORTS130MILLIONUSDOLLARSCONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYINDUSTRYOVERTHEPACEOFDEVELOPMENTOFTHEMACHINERYINDUSTRYHASBECOMEONEOFTHEFASTESTGROWINGINDUSTRIES
