外文翻译--现代交流调速系统的类型.doc

附录附录A中英文参考文献此英文文献摘自参考文献DONESCUV,CHARETTEA,YAOZ,ETALMODELINGANDSIMULATIONOFSATURATEDINDUCTIONMOTORSINPHASEQUANTITIESJIEEETRANSONENERGYCONVERSION,1999，143386393MODERNTYPEOFACDRIVESYSTEMEXCHANGEINTOAMODERNACMOTORSPEEDCONTROLSYSTEM,POWERELECTRONICPOWERCONVERTERS,CONTROLLERSANDFOURMAJORDETECTORCOMPONENTSINACCORDANCEWITHTHEOBJECTOFDIFFERENTTYPESOFACMOTOR,SPEEDOFMODERNCOMMUNICATIONSYSTEMSCANBEDIVIDEDINTOINDUCTIONMOTORANDSYNCHRONOUSMOTORDRIVESHEREAREINTRODUCEDTHESYSTEMOFINDUCTIONMOTOR11INDUCTIONMOTORSPEEDCONTROLSYSTEMOFTHEBASICTYPESOFBYTHEINDUCTIONMOTORWORKINGPRINCIPLE,WECANSEETHATFROMTHESTATORINTOELECTROMAGNETICPOWERCANBEDIVIDEDINTOTWOPARTSMP1SMPISTHEEFFECTIVEPOWERLOADDRAG；ANOTHERPARTOFTHEDETERIORATIONOFQUALITYOFPOWERSPSMPANDSISPROPORTIONALTOSLIPHOWTODEALWITHDETERIORATIONOFQUALITYOFPOWERISCONSUMEDORFEEDBACKTOTHEGRID,ANDMEASURABLESYSTEMOFINDUCTIONMOTOREFFICIENCYTHEREFOREBYPOORPOWERTOTHEDIFFERENTTREATMENTOFMODERNINDUCTIONMOTORCANBEDIVIDEDINTOTHREETYPESOFSPEEDCONTROLSYSTEM1POWERCONSUMPTIONANDDETERIORATIONOFQUALITYBASEDSPEEDCONTROLSYSTEMPOORPOWERSWITCHARECONVERTEDTOTHEFORMOFCALORIESCONSUMEDTHYRISTORSURGESPEEDFALLINTOTHISCATEGORYINTHEINDUCTIONMOTORSPEEDCONTROLSYSTEM,THEMINIMUMEFFICIENCYOFSUCHSYSTEMSISTOINCREASEPOWERCONSUMPTIONANDDETERIORATIONOFQUALITYINEXCHANGEFORTHECOSTOFLOWERSPEED2TOPOORPOWERFEEDBACKBASEDSPEEDCONTROLSYSTEMTODETERIORATETOASMALLPORTIONOFPOWERCONSUMEDBYTHEMAJORITYOFVARIABLEFLOWCONTROLDEVICESTOTHEPOWERGRIDFEEDBACKLOWERSPEED,MOREPOWERTOREPAYWOUNDCASCADEINDUCTIONMOTORSPEEDANDDOUBLYFEDFALLINTOTHISCATEGORY3TODETERIORATETOTHESAMEPOWERBASEDSPEEDCONTROLSYSTEMANDDETERIORATIONOFQUALITYOFPOWERINTHEROTORPARTOFTHECONSUMPTIONOFCOPPERLOSSISINEVITABLE,BUTINSUCHSYSTEMS,BOTHHIGHANDLOWSPEED,POWERCONSUMPTIONANDDETERIORATIONOFQUALITYISESSENTIALLYTHESAME,THEREFOREHIGHEFFICIENCYVVVFFALLINTOTHISCATEGORYACDRIVESYSTEMISCURRENTLYIN,THEAPPLICATIONOFAMAXIMUMOFVVVF,THEMOSTEXTENSIVE,CANCONSTITUTEAHIGHDYNAMICPERFORMANCEOFACDRIVESYSTEMTOREPLACETHEDCDRIVE12ACSPEEDCONTROLSYSTEMOFMODERNDEVELOPMENTTRENDSANDDEVELOPMENTSLOOKINGATTHESPEEDOFDEVELOPMENTOFTHEEXCHANGEPROCESSANDTHESTATUSQUO,WECANSEETHATSPEEDOFMODERNCOMMUNICATIONTECHNOLOGYTRENDSANDFUTUREDEVELOPMENTTRENDS1TOREPLACETHEDCDRIVESYSTEMFORTHEPURPOSEOFEXCHANGEOFHIGHPERFORMANCESPEEDCONTROLSYSTEMFORFURTHERRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENT；2THENEWPOWERCONVERTERTOPOLOGYOFTHERESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENT；3PWMMODEOFIMPROVEMENTANDOPTIMIZATION；4MEDIUMVOLTAGEVARIABLEFREQUENCYDEVICERESEARCHANDTECHNOLOGYDEVELOPMENT121CONTROLCONCEPTSANDCONTROLTECHNOLOGYRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTAPPLICATIONOFMORETHANADECADESHOWTHATTHETHEORYOFVECTORCONTROLANDOTHERAPPLICATIONOFCONTROLTHEORYHASYETTOBEGOVERNORWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEEXCHANGECONTINUEDTOBEREFINED,SOASTOFURTHERENHANCETHEEXCHANGEOFTHECONTROLPERFORMANCESPEEDCONTROLSYSTEMVARIOUSCONTROLSTRUCTURESAREBASEDONMATHEMATICALMODELOFTHEOBJECT,THEREFORE,INORDERTOESTABLISHAREASONABLEEXCHANGEOFSPEEDCONTROLSYSTEMAPPLICABLETOTHECONTROLSTRUCTURE,NEEDTOEXCHANGETHEMOTORMATHEMATICALMODELOFTHENATURE,CHARACTERISTICSANDTHEINHERENTLAWOFINDEPTHSTUDYANDDISCUSSIONACDRIVESYSTEMINPARTICULAR,THESYNTHESISANDCALIBRATIONMETHODSOFTHETHEORYANDENGINEERINGDESIGNOFFUTUREACDRIVESYSTEMISANIMPORTANTRESEARCHTOPICBYTHEROTORFLUXORIENTEDINDUCTIONMOTORVECTORCONTROLSYSTEMTOACHIEVETHEEXCITATIONCURRENTANDTORQUECURRENTFULLDECOUPLING,THEMATHEMATICALMODELANDTHEDCTORQUEMOTORTORQUEEXACTLYTHESAMEMODELHOWEVER,THEESTIMATEDROTORPARAMETERSANDPARAMETERCHANGESDONOTAFFECTTHEACCURACYOFDIRECTIONALCOORDINATESOFTHEOFFSETCAUSEDBYAPROBLEMWHICHHASNOTREALLYSOLVETHEPROBLEMATHOMEANDABROAD,SOTHEROTORPARAMETERIDENTIFICATIONANDPARAMETERCHANGESFORTHEFUTUREOFTHEADAPTIVECONTROLOFTHECRITICALSTUDYOFVECTORCONTROLISSUESINRECENTYEARS,DONOTRELYONTHEELECTRICALMODELOFFUZZYSELFOPTIMIZINGCONTROL,SUCHASARTIFICIALNEURALNETWORKINTELLIGENTCONTROLMETHODHASBEENINTRODUCEDTOTHEACDRIVESYSTEM,ASAGOVERNORTOCONTROLTHEEXCHANGETHEORY,CONTROLTECHNOLOGYRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTOFNEWDIRECTIONSDIRECTTORQUECONTROLTECHNOLOGYPRACTICEINTHEAPPLICATIONOFCONTINUOUSIMPROVEMENTANDUPGRADINGOFTHEMAINDIRECTIONOFITSRESEARCHTOADDRESSLOWSPEEDMOTORFLUXPARAMETERSONTHEIMPACTOFTRAJECTORYTOFURTHERIMPROVETHECONTROLOFLOWSPEEDPERFORMANCE,THESCOPEOFTHEEXPANSIONSPEEDCANCELLATIONTHROUGHTHEMECHANICALCONNECTIONOFTHETACHOMETERGENERATORANDOTHERGUNSENSOR,SPEEDSENSORHARDWAREREALIZATIONOFASPEEDCONTROLSYSTEMOFTHEEXCHANGEOFTHEIROWNAPPLICATIONS,BUTTHEACCURACYANDSPEEDOFTHEPROJECTEDREALTIMECONTROLTOBEFURTHERINDEPTHRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENT122PWMMODETOIMPROVETHESTUDYANDOPTIMIZATIONINRECENTYEARS,WITHTHEEMERGENCEOFMEDIUMVOLTAGEINVERTER,THEVOLTAGESPACEVECTORPWMCONTROLMODETOIMPROVEANDOPTIMIZETHERESEARCH,WHICHTORESOLVETHETHREELEVELMEDIUMVOLTAGEINVERTERMIDPOINTVOLTAGEOFFSETISSUES,STUDIEDTHESYNTHESISOFVOLTAGEVECTORPWMMODENOOFFSETVOLTAGEATTHEMIDPOINTOFTHELONGVECTORANDSHORTVECTOR,ACOMBINATIONOFZEROVECTOR,HASBEENMADEWITHRESEARCHRESULTSOFPRACTICALVALUEFORMULTILEVELCASCADEINVERTERVOLTAGEPULSEPHASESHIFTPWMTECHNIQUEOWNAPPLICATIONMEDIUMVOLTAGEFREQUENCYCONVERTER123RESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTMEDIUMVOLTAGEREFERSTOVOLTAGELEVELSFORTHE230010000V,INHIGHPOWERMEANSTHEPOWERLEVELINMORETHAN300KWMEDIUMVOLTAGE,HIGHCAPACITYRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTOFACDRIVESYSTEMHASBEENINPRACTICEFORMORETHAN20YEARSHAVEGRADUALLYEMBARKEDONTHEPRACTICALAPPLICATIONSTAGE,INPARTICULAR,HIGHPRESSUREFULLCONTROLLEDPOWERDEVICESHAVEBEENINTHEAPPLICATIONOFPRESSURETRANSDUCERRAPIDLYACCELERATEDAMONGTHEM,THECURRENTAPPLICATIONISMOREIGBT,IGCTMEDIUMVOLTAGETHREELEVELCASCADEINVERTERANDMULTILEVELMEDIUMVOLTAGETRANSFORMERTODAYSMULTILEVELMEDIUMVOLTAGEACINVERTERSPEEDCONTROLHASBECOMEANEWFIELDOFSTUDYISONEOFHOTTOPICSINTHEPRESSURETRANSDUCERANDTHEDIRECTIONOFFUTUREDEVELOPMENTOFRESEARCHTOPICSARE1TECHNICALASPECTSOFSAFETYDEVICESAREINSERIESPOWERDEVICETECHNOLOGY,TRIGGERINGTECHNOLOGY,ISOLATIONTECHNOLOGY,INSULATIONTECHNOLOGY,THEPROTECTIONOFTECHNOLOGY,REMOTECONTROLANDCOMMUNICATIONTECHNOLOGY,ELECTROMAGNETICCOMPATIBILITY,HARMONICSUPPRESSIONTECHNOLOGY2CONTROLTECHNOLOGIESWILLBETHEVECTORCONTROLTECHNOLOGY,THEINTRODUCTIONOFDIRECTTORQUECONTROLOFPRESSURETRANSDUCERTECHNOLOGY,ASWELLASRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTFORMEDIUMVOLTAGEPWMINVERTERTECHNOLOGY3THEDEVELOPMENTOFMEDIUMVOLTAGEFREQUENCYCONVERTERBYTHEVOLTAGELEVELOFPOWERELECTRONICDEVICESARENOTRESTRICTEDATPRESENT,THEUNITEDSTATESCREEINC,GERMANYSSIEMENS,TOSHIBA,ASWELLASEUROPEANCOMPANIESSUCHASABBMONEYINTOTHEDEVELOPMENTOFASILICONCARBIDESICPOWERELECTRONICDEVICES,THEPNJUNCTIONVOLTAGEUPTO10KVLEVELANDABOVEISEXPECTEDTHENEXT10YEARS,SICDEVICESWILLBEABREAKTHROUGHINTHEDEVELOPMENTOFANEWGENERATIONOFMEDIUMVOLTAGEFREQUENCYCONVERTERTOTHEBIRTHATTENDANTTHINKINGOFVECTORCONTROLTECHNOLOGYMATHEMATICALMODELOFASYNCHRONOUSMOTORISAHIGHEND,NONLINEAR,STRONGCOUPLINGMULTIVARIABLESYSTEM,THROUGHTHECOORDINATETRANSFORMATIONTHATALLOWSTHEREDUCTIONANDSIMPLIFICATION,BUTDIDNOTCHANGEITSNONLINEAR,MULTIVARIABLENATUREACDRIVESYSTEMDYNAMICPERFORMANCEWASLESSTHANDESIRABLE,DIFFICULTTOADJUSTDESIGNPARAMETERS,THEKEYISTHELINEARAPPROXIMATIONISONLYSINGLEVARIABLECONTROLSYSTEMTOTHENEGLECTOFNONLINEAR,MULTIVARIABLEINNATUREMANYEXPERTSANDSCHOLARSHAVECONDUCTEDRESEARCHWITHGREATCONCENTRATION,ANDFINALLYSUCCEEDED70SFROMTHE20THCENTURY,GERMANENGINEERSCREATEDANEWCONTROLTHEORYOFVECTORCONTROLINORDERTOACHIEVETHEINDUCTIONMOTORANDDCWITHTHESAMEEFFECTOFAGOODGOVERNORVECTORCONTROLISAHIGHPERFORMANCEINDUCTIONMOTORCONTROLMETHOD,WHICHISBASEDONDYNAMICMATHEMATICALMODELOFTHEMOTOR,THROUGHTHECOORDINATETRANSFORMATION,THEMODELWILLBECONVERTEDTOACMOTORDCMOTORMODELBASEDONINDUCTIONMOTORDYNAMICMATHEMATICALEQUATION,ITHASADCMOTORANDTHEDYNAMICEQUATIONOFTHEFORMOFTHESAME,SOIFYOUSELECTANAPPROPRIATECONTROLSTRATEGY,INDUCTIONMOTORSANDDCMOTORSHOULDBESIMILARTOTHECONTROLPERFORMANCE,ANDTHISISTHEIDEAOFVECTORCONTROLTRANSFORMBECAUSEOFTHECURRENTSPACEVECTOR,THEREFORE,BEACHIEVEDTHROUGHTHECOORDINATETRANSFORMATIONISCALLEDVECTORCONTROLSYSTEMCONTROLSYSTEMTRANSFORMATIONTRANVECTORCONTROLSYSTEM,ORVECTORCONTROLSYSTEMVECTORCONTROLSYSTEMSIMPLYPUT,VECTORCONTROLISTODECOUPLEFLUXANDTORQUE,RESPECTIVELY,INFAVOROFTHEDESIGNOFTHETWOREGULATORSTOACHIEVEHIGHPERFORMANCEACMOTORSPEEDCONTROLVECTORCONTROLANDSLIPFREQUENCYCONTROLBASEDONVECTORCONTROL,SENSORLESSVECTORCONTROLMODEANDSPEEDSENSORLESSVECTORCONTROLMODETHISCANBEATHREEPHASEINDUCTIONMOTOREQUIVALENTTODCMOTORCONTROL,WHICHWASTHESAMEWITHTHEDCDRIVESYSTEMOFTHESTATICANDDYNAMICPERFORMANCEVECTORCONTROLALGORITHMHASBEENWIDELYUSEDINSIEMENS,AB,GE,FUJIINTERNATIONALCOMPANIES,SUCHASTHEINVERTERVECTORCONTROLUSINGACOMMONFREQUENCYCONVERTERCANNOTONLYSCOPEINTHESPEEDDCMOTORWITHTHEMATCH,ANDCANCONTROLTHETORQUEGENERATEDBYINDUCTIONMOTORASARESULTOFTHEMANNERINWHICHVECTORCONTROLISBASEDONTHEPRECISEPARAMETERSOFINDUCTIONMOTORWASCHARGED,ANDSOMEGENERALPURPOSEINVERTERISREQUIREDINTHEUSEOFACCURATEINPUTPARAMETERSFORINDUCTIONMOTORS,ANDSOMEGENERALPURPOSEINVERTERNEEDTOUSETHESPEEDSENSORANDENCODERINVIEWOFTHEELECTRICALPARAMETERSMAYCHANGE,WILLAFFECTTHEFREQUENCYCONVERTEROFMOTORCONTROLPERFORMANCE,THENEWCURRENTVECTORCONTROLINVERTERHASUNIVERSALASYNCHRONOUSMOTORPARAMETERSAUTOMATICALLYDETECT,AUTOMATICIDENTIFICATION,ADAPTIVEFEATURES,WITHSUCHAFEATURECOMMONFREQUENCYINDUCTIONMOTORSINDRIVEBEFORENORMALOPERATIONCANBECARRIEDOUTAUTOMATICALLYONTHEINDUCTIONMOTORPARAMETERSIDENTIFICATION,ANDINACCORDANCEWITHTHERESULTSOFTHEADJUSTMENTCONTROLALGORITHMTOIDENTIFYTHERELEVANTPARAMETERSOFTHEINDUCTIONMOTOROFTHEORDINARYFOREFFECTIVEVECTORCONTROL译文现代交流调速系统的类型现代交流调速系统分为交流电动机、电力电子功率变换器、控制器和检测器四大部分组成。根据被控对象的交流电动机的种类不同，现代交流调速系统可分异步电机调速系统和同步电动机调速系统，在这里主要介绍异步电机调速系统。11异步电动机调速系统的基本类型由异步电动机工作原理可知，从定子传入的电磁功率MP可分两部分一部分MP1SMP是拖动负载的有效功率；另一部分是转差功率SPSMP与转差率S成正比。转差功率如何处理、是消耗还是回馈给电网，可衡量异步电机调速系统的效率高低。因此按转差功率处理方式的不同可把现代异步电机调速系统分为三类。1转差功率消耗型调速系统全部转差功率都转换成热量的形式消耗掉。晶闸管调压调速属于这一类。在异步电机调速系统中，这类系统的效率最低，是以增加转差功率的消耗为代价来换取转速的降低。2转差功率回馈型调速系统转差功率一小部分消耗掉，大部分则通过变流装置回馈给电网。转速越低，回馈的功率越多。绕线式异步电机串级调速和双馈调速属于这一类。3转差功率不变型调速系统转差功率中转子铜损部分的消耗是不可避免的，但在这类系统中，无论转速高低，转差功率的消耗基本不变，因此效率很高。变频调速属于此类。目前在交流调速系统中，变频调速应用最多、最广泛，可以构成高动态性能的交流调速系统，取代直流调速。L2现代交流调速系统的发展趋势和动向