气专业英语-generators and motors

本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译专业电气工程及其自动化所在学院电子信息工程学院二零一二年六月GENERATORSANDMOTORS1DIRECTCURRENTGENERATORSIMPRESSONTHELINEADIRECTORCONTINUOUSEMF,ONETHATISALWAYSINTHESAMEDIRECTIONCOMMERCIALDCGENERATORSHAVECOMMUTATORS,WHICHDISTINGUISHTHEMFROMACGENERATORSTHEFUNCTIONOFACOMMUTATORANDTHEELEMENTARYIDEASOFGENERATIONOFEMFANDCOMMUTATIONAREDISCUSSEDINDIVADDITIONALINFORMATIONABOUTCOMMUTATIONASAPPLIEDTODCMOTORS,WHICHINGENERALISTRUEFORDCGENERATORS,ISGIVENBELOW2EXCITATIONOFGENERATORFIELDSTOGENERATEANEMF,CONDUCTORSMUSTCUTAMAGNETICFIELDWHICHINCOMMERCIALMACHINESMUSTBERELATIVELYSTRONGAPERMANENTMAGNETCANBEUSEDFORPRODUCINGSUCHAFIELDINAGENERATOROFSMALLOUTPUT,SUCHASATELEPHONEMAGNETOORTHEMAGNETOOFANINSULATIONTESTER,BUTINGENERATORSFORLIGHTANDPOWERTHEFIELDISPRODUCEDBYELECTROMAGNETS,WHICHMAYBEEXCITEDBYTHEMACHINEITSELFORBESEPARATELYEXCITEDFROMANOTHERSOURCESELFEXCITEDMACHINESMAYBEOFTHESERIES,SHUNT,ORCOMPOUNDTYPE,DEPENDINGUPONTHEMANNEROFCONNECTINGTHEFIELDWINDINGTOTHEARMATUREINTHESERIESTYPEOFMACHINE,THEFIELDWINDINGTHEWINDINGWHICHPRODUCESTHEMAGNETICFIELDISCONNECTEDINSERIESWITHTHEARMATUREWINDINGINTHESHUNTTYPE,THEFIELDWINDINGISCONNECTEDINPARALLEL,SHUNT,WITHTHEARMATUREWINDINGCOMPOUNDMACHINESHAVETWOFIELDWINDINGSONEACHPOLEONEOFTHESEWINDINGSISCONNECTEDINSERIESWITHTHEARMATUREWINDING,ANDTHEOTHERISCONNECTEDINPARALLELORSHUNTWITHTHEARMATUREWINDING3ARMATUREWINDINGOFDCMACHINESMAYBEOFTHELAPORTHEWAVETYPETHEDIFFERENCEINTHETWOTYPESISINTHEMANNEROFCONNECTINGTHEARMATURECOILSTOTHECOMMUTATORACOILISTHEPORTIONOFTHEARMATUREWINDINGBETWEENSUCCESSIVECONNECTIONSTOTHECOMMUTATORINTHELAPTYPEOFWINDINGTHETWOENDSOFACOILARECONNECTEDTOADJACENTCOMMUTATORSEGMENTSINTHEWAVETYPEOFWINDINGTHETWOENDSOFACOILARECONNECTEDTOCOMMUTATORSEGMENTSTHATAREDISPLACEDFROMEACHOTHERBYAPPROXIMATELY360ELECTRICALDEGREESTHETYPEOFARMATUREWINDINGEMPLOYEDAFFECTSTHEVOLTAGEANDCURRENTCAPACITYOFTHEMACHINEBUTHASNOEFFECTUPONTHEPOWERCAPACITYTHISISDUETOTHEFACTTHATTHENUMBEROFPARALLELPATHSBETWEENARMATURETERMINALSISAFFECTEDBYTHETYPEOFWINDINGFORAWAVEWOUNDMACHINETHEREAREALWAYSTWOPATHSINPARALLELINTHEARMATUREWINDINGBETWEENARMATURETERMINALSFORALAPWOUNDMACHINETHEREAREASMANYPARALLELPATHSINTHEARMATUREWINDINGASTHEREAREPAIRSOFPOLESONTHEMACHINEFORTHESAMENUMBERANDSIZEOFARMATURECONDUCTORS,AMACHINEWHENWAVECONNECTEDWOULDGENERATEAVOLTAGETHATWOULDEQUALTHEVOLTAGEGENERATEDWHENLAPCONNECTEDTIMESTHENUMBEROFPAIRSOFPOLESBUTTHECURRENTCAPACITYWOULDBEDECREASEDINTHESAMEPROPORTIONTHATTHEVOLTAGEWASINCREASEDTHECURRENTCAPACITYOFAMACHINEWHENWAVECONNECTEDISTHEREFOREEQUALTOTHECAPACITYWHENLAPCONNECTEDDIVIDEDBYTHENUMBEROFPAIRSOFPOLES4THEVALUEOFTHEVOLTAGEGENERATEDBYADCMACHINEDEPENDSUPONTHEARMATUREWINDING,THESPEED,ANDTHEFIELDCURRENTFORAGIVENMACHINE,THEREFORE,THEVOLTAGEGENERATEDCANBECONTROLLEDBYADJUSTINGEITHERTHESPEEDORTHEFIELDCURRENTSINCEGENERATORSAREUSUALLYOPERATEDATACONSTANTSPEED,THEVOLTAGEMUSTBECONTROLLEDBYADJUSTINGTHEFIELDCURRENT5SEPARATELYEXCITEDDCGENERATORSAREUSEDFORELECTROPLATINGANDFOROTHERELECTROLYTICWORKFORWHICHTHEPOLARITYOFAMACHINEMUSTNOTBEREVERSEDSELFEXCITEDMACHINESMAYCHANGETHEIRPOLARITIESTHEFIELDSCANBEEXCITEDFROMANYDCCONSTANTPOTENTIALSOURCE,SUCHASASTORAGEBATTERY,ORFROMARECTIFIERCONNECTEDTOANACSUPPLYTHEFIELDMAGNETSCANBEWOUNDFORANYVOLTAGEBECAUSETHEYHAVENOELECTRICCONNECTIONWITHTHEARMATUREWITHACONSTANTFIELDEXCITATION,THEVOLTAGEWILLDROPSLIGHTLYFROMNOLOADTOFULLLOADBECAUSEOFARMATUREDROPANDARMATUREREACTIONSEPARATEEXCITATIONISADVANTAGEOUSWHENTHEVOLTAGEGENERATEDBYTHEMACHINEISNOTSUITABLEFORFIELDEXCITATIONTHISISTRUEFORESPECIALLYLOWORHIGHVOLTAGEMACHINES6SERIESWOUNDGENERATORSHAVETHEIRARMATUREWINDING,FIELDCOILS,ANDEXTERNALCIRCUITCONNECTEDINSERIESWITHEACHOTHERSOTHATTHESAMECURRENTFLOWSTHROUGHALLPARTSOFTHECIRCUITIFASERIESGENERATORISOPERATEDATNOLOADEXTERNALCIRCUITOPEN,THEREWILLBENOCURRENTTHROUGHTHEFIELDCOILS,ANDTHEONLYMAGNETICFLUXPRESENTINTHEMACHINEWILLBETHATDUETOTHERESIDUALMAGNETISMWHICHHASBEENRETAINEDBYTHEPOLESFROMPREVIOUSOPERATIONTHEREFORE,THENOLOADVOLTAGEOFASERIESGENERATORWILLBEONLYAFEWVOLTSPRODUCEDBYCUTTINGTHERESIDUALFLUXIFTHEEXTERNALCIRCUITISCLOSEDANDTHECURRENTINCREASED,THEVOLTAGEWILLINCREASEWITHTHEINCREASEINCURRENTUNTILTHEMAGNETICCIRCUITBECOMESSATURATEDWITHANYFURTHERINCREASESOFLOADTHEVOLTAGEWILLDECREASESERIESGENERATORSHAVEBEENUSEDSOMETIMESINSTREETRAILWAYSERVICETHEYHAVEBEENCONNECTEDINSERIESWITHLONGTROLLEYFEEDERSSUPPLYINGSECTIONSOFTHESYSTEMDISTANTFROMTHESUPPLYPOINTINORDERTOBOOSTTHEVOLTAGEHOWEVER,POWERRECTIFIERSHAVEREPLACEDDCGENERATORSFORMOSTINSTALLATIONSOFTHISTYPESINCETRIPHASEDASYNCHRONOUSGENERATORSAREMAINLYUSEDINCONVERSIONSYSTEMSOFAEOLIANENERGYINTOELECTRICENERGY,THEIRFUNCTIONALSTABILITYREPRESENTISOFGREATIMPORTANCEASAFIRSTSTEP,THEFACTORSTHATRADICALLYAFFECTTHEFUNCTIONALSTABILITYOFTHESEGENERATORSHAVEBEENESTABLISHEDTHUS,ITWASDECELATTHEPOWERFULINFLUENCEOFTHECAPACITORBANKTHATPROVIDESTHENECESSARYREACTIVEPOWERFORTHEMAGNETIZATIONOFTHEFERROMAGNETICCOREOVERTHEFUNCTIONALSTABILITYOFTHETRIPHASEDASYNCHRONOUSGENERATORWITHSHORTCIRCUITROTORTHEFUNCTIONALSTABILITYISGREATLYINFLUENCEDBYTHECHARGECHARACTERTYPEASWELLTHEEXPERIMENTALWORKEMPHASIZEDTHROUGHTHEFUNCTIONALFEATURESTHEWAYTHESEPARAMETERSINFLUENCETHESTABILITYAREAOFTHEASYNCHRONOUSGENERATORSASFARASTRIPHASEDASYNCHRONOUSGENERATORSWITHCOILEDROTORARECONCERNED,THECONTROLLABLEBLINDPOWERWASANALYZEDTHEANALOGYBEINGMADEWITHTHESITUATIONOFTHENECESSARYCONTROLLABLEGENERATINGCAPACITYFOROFTHETRIPHASEDASYNCHRONOUSGENERATORWITHSHORTCIRCUITROTOR发电机和电动机1直流发电机的产生直接或连续的电动势，一个总是在同一方向。商业直流发电机有换向器，它区别于交流发电机。换向器的一个基本理念和功能产生是电动势换向讨论专区。另外，整流适用于直流电机，一般是对直流发电机而言的。2发电机励磁领域。产生电动势，导体切割磁场中心电动势必须比较强。一个永磁体可用于制作这样一个领域中的发电机输出功率电机有两根励磁绕组的每个磁极上。其中一个绕组串联连接的电枢绕组，和其他并行连接或分流与电枢绕组电枢。在一系列的机器，励磁线圈（绕组产生的磁场）串联连接的电枢绕组。在并联式，励磁绕组并联连接，并联，与电枢绕组。复励电机有两根励磁绕组的每个磁极上。其中一个绕组串联连接的电枢绕组，和其他并行连接或分流与电枢绕组。3电枢绕组直流的电脑可能这一圈或波型。不同的在这两种类型的连接方式电枢线圈去围绕换向器。一个线圈绕组的部分之间关系的连续换向器。在膝上型绕组的两端连接到一个线圈邻近的换向器部分。在波型绕组的这两个目标的一个线圈被连接到换向器段互相都转移了大约360电气度。电枢绕组的类型影响就业能力的电压和电流机器,但是没有影响该功率。这是由于这样的事实她的电话号码平行的房舍中间电枢终端受类型的绕组。为WAVEWOUND机器始终存在着两种路径与电枢绕组之间电枢终端。为LAPWOUND机器一样多路径在平行的示意图蜿蜒的有双杠,这台机器。为同一的数量和尺寸电枢导体、机器当WAVECONNECTED会产生电压就等于电压时产生对LAPCONNECTED倍之多的波兰人。但流量会减少同比例地使电压增加。机器的流量时,因此等于WAVECONNECTED当LAPCONNECTED能力除以中标数之双增长极。4电压产生的价值由直流机依靠的示意图缠绕、速度、和现场电流。对于给定的机器,因此,电压通过调整可以控制产生或者在速度,或是田园电流。因为发电机通常操作在恒定的速度,电压必须加以控制,通过调整吗现场电流。5他激直流发电机用于电镀和其他电解工作机器的极性不可逆转