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MININGMECHANIZATIONANDAUTOMATIONGEOMETRYOFTHEWORKINGPARTOFANEXCAVATORTOOTHVAPOLOVINKOANDAIFEDULOVUDC6218793STUDIESOFEXCAVATORTOOTHWEARKINETICSCONDUCTEDEARLIERBYTHEPRESENTAUTHORS1,2SHOWEDTHATTHEMAINFACTORCONTROLLINGWEARPLATFORMDYNAMICSISTHEPHYSICALMECHANICALPROPERTYOFTHEROCKWEARPLATFORMSEVOLVEINTWOSTAGESTOOTHWEARACQUIREDDURINGTHECRITICALSTAGE2HASNOSIGNIFICANTINFLUENCEONEXCAVATORPERFORMANCEINTHEMININGANDGEOLOGICCONDITIONSTYPICALFORTHENORTHEASTERNREGIONSOFRUSSIACUTTINGELEMENTSCANCONTINUETOBEUSEDUPTOTHEMAXIMUMPERMISSIBLEWEARLEVELSPECIFIEDBYTHEMANUFACTURERINTHISRESPECT,INTENSIVEWEARDURINGINITIALSTAGESAPPARENTLYREFLECTSSOMEDESIGNIMPERFECTIONRATHERTHANTHEEFFECTSOFTHEWORKADJUSTMENTPROCESSINVESTIGATORSHAVESTUDIEDTHECAUSESANDCONSEQUENCESOFINTENSEWEAROFEXCAVATORTEETH,BUTTHEREARESTILLNOBASICCRITERIAUPONWHICHTOFORMULATEGENERALPRINCIPLESSOASTOIMPROVETHEWEARRESISTANCEOFCUTTINGELEMENTSASDETERMINEDBYTHEIRDESIGN35ANEFFICIENTWAYTORAISETHEWEARRESISTANCEOFANEXCAVATORTOOTHISTODEVISETHEDESIGNPARAMETERSOFTHEWORKINGCOMPONENTSOASTOENSURECLASSICALSINGLESTAGEWEAR,BYPASSINGTHECRITICALPSEUDOADJUSTMENTPHASEWEDEVELOPEDANEWEXCAVATORTOOTHDESIGNWHICHFEATURESHEIGHTENEDWEARRESISTANCETHEOUTLINEOFTHEWORKINGCOMPONENTOFTHETOOTHANDITSDIMENSIONSWEREDEVELOPEDWITHDUEREGARDFORTHEMAINCHARACTERISTICPOINTSOFTHEWEARRESISTANCECURVESOFMASSPRODUCEDWEDGESHAPEDTEETHTOATTAINALINEARBEHAVIORFORTHEWEARPROCESSOFSUCHTEETHWITHARATEEQUALTOORLESSTHANWHATISOBSERVEDDURINGTHESECONDSTAGEOFWEARWITHMASSPRODUCEDTEETH,WESPECIFIEDTHEDESIGNPARAMETERSCORRESPONDINGTOTHEBEGINNINGOFTHESECONDPHASE,WHERETHESPECIFICPRESSUREFROMTHESTANDARDFORCEOFTHETHRUSTMECHANISMDROPSTO1012MPAFIGURE1PLOTSPRESSUREVARIATIONSONTHEWEARPLATFORMSOFTEETHOFBUCKETSUSEDINCOMMONQUARRYEXCAVATORSACCORDINGTOTHEFOLLOWINGEXPRESSIONP1WHEREUPISTHEWIDTHOFTHEWEARPLATFORM；P1ISTHERATEDFORCEOFTHETHRUSTMECHANISM；DANDIARETHELENGTHOFTHETOOTHCUTTINGEDGEANDTHENUMBEROFTEETHONTHEBUCKET,RESPECTIVELYTHECURVESSHOWTHATTHEREARECERTAINPRESSUREREGIONSONWEARPLATFORMSWHEREROCKRESISTANCETOTEETHISEQUALTOORGREATERTHANTHEFORCEDEVELOPEDBYTHETHRUSTMECHANISMTHISLOADINGPATTERNFORCUTTINGELEMENTSISOBSERVEDONMONOLITHICSTRONGEG,PERMAFROSTROCKSONTHEOTHERHAND,SOMEMATERIALSRESISTCUTTINGWITHAMUCHWEAKERSTRENGTHTHANTHEFORCEDEVELOPEDBYTHISTHRUSTMECHANISMTOESTIMATETHESPECIFICPRESSURESFORMEDWHENCUTTINGELEMENTSINTERACTWITHTHESEMATERIALS,WEPLOTTEDCURVES14BYCOMPUTINGTHEPRESSUREONTHEWEARPLATFORMSOFANTKG5AEXCAVATORTOOTHAT08,04,02,AND01OFTHERATEDTHRUSTFORCEONWEAKROCKSTHEPRESSUREVARIATIONPATTERNONTHEWEARPLATFORMISTHESAME,BUTTHEPRESSURESANDDIMENSIONSFORTHEWORNPORTIONOFTEETHAFTERTHEBEGINNINGOFTHESECONDSTAGEMAYBEMUCHSMALLERSOMETIMESBYACONSIDERABLEFACTORTHISISCLEARLYSEENINFIG1ZONEI,CROSSINGTHECURVES,DEFINESTHEPARAMETERSOFTHEONSETOFTHESECONDSTAGEOFWEARFORTEETHOFDIFFERENTEXCAVATORSANDFORDIFFERENTROCKSTRENGTHSCURVES14FORIKG5AEXCAVATORTEETHTHESTARTINGPOINTOFTHESECONDWEARSTAGEOBTAINEDEXPERIMENTALLYLIESINZONEIANDCORRESPONDSTOAPRESSUREOFP1012MPAANDAWEARPLATFORMWIDTHOFUTCR45MMINSTITUTEOFMINING,SIBERIANBRANCH,RUSSIANACADEMYOFSCIENCES,NOVOSIBIRSKTRANSLATEDFROMFIZIKOTEKHNICHESKIEPROBLEMYRAZRABOTKIPOLEZNYKHISKOPAEMYKH,NO2,PP1623,MARCHAPRIL,1993ORIGINALARTICLESUBMITTEDNOVEMBER4,199210627391/93/29020115512501993PLENUMPUBLISHINGCORPORATION1150MPATL/OEKG20EKG12,5EKGI5AUPUP,MMFIG1FIG2FIG1PRESSUREVARIATIONASAFUNCTIONOFWEARPLATFORMSIZE14THEORETICALPRESSURECURVESONAN1KG5AEXCAVATORTOOTHWEARPLATFORMWHENWORKINGROCKSWITHRESISTANCE08,04,02,AND01OFSTANDARDTHRUSTFORCEFIG2WORKINGPARTOFACUTTINGELEMENTWITHWEDGEANGLE1801CUTTINGEDGEWITHAREASO；BEDGEWIDTH；DLENGTH；2WEARPLATFORMSURFACEAREASP2；1,WEARPLATFORMSLOPEANGLEATAGIVENSIZEOFTHEWORKINGPARTOFTHETOOL,THESTAGEOFCRITICALWEARORPSEUDOADJUSTMENTISVIRTUALLYABSENTONROCKSANDGROUNDSWITHLOWSTRENGTH,WHILETOOLSEXPERIENCEINTENSETWOSTAGEWEARONSTRONG/HARDROCKSINDIFFERENTMININGANDGEOLOGICCONDITIONS,ITISOBVIOUSLYCONVENIENTTOWORKWITHINTERCHANGEABLETOOLSITISCURRENTLYIMPOSSIBLETOCONTROLTHEFORCEPARAMETERSONTHEWORKINGELEMENTOFANEXCAVATORTHEOPERATOROBSERVESTHEWORKOFTHEMACHINEVISUALLY,WATCHINGITSMOTIONANDBUCKETFILLINGTHELOADSACTINGUPONWORKINGELEMENTSANDTEETHTHUSDEPENDNOTONLYONROCKRESISTANCETOCUTTING,BUTLARGELYONOPERATORSKILLANDEXPERIENCEARTEFFICIENTANDRATIONALAPPROACHTODEVISINGWORKINGTOOTHCOMPONENTPARAMETERSISTOCONSIDERTHEPOWEROFEXCAVATORDRIVESTHEAREAOFTHECUTTINGEDGEFORARECTANGULARCUTTINGPROFILEWITHA180SHARPENINGCANBECALCULATEDFROMTHEPRESSUREONTHEWEARPLATFORMSEEFIG2CORRESPONDINGTOTHEONSETOFTHESECONDWEARSTAGEPPISP2IWHEREPISTHEPRESSUREONTHEWEARPLATFORMWHENPLATFORMDIMENSIONSCORRESPONDTOTHEBEGINNINGOFTHESECONDSTAGE；P1ISTHERATEDTHRUSTFORCEOFTHEEXCAVATORVERTICALCOMPONENTOFTHECUTTINGFORCE；SP2ISTHEWEARPLATFORMAREAATTHESECONDSTAGEONSET；IISTHENUMBEROFTEETHONTHEEXCAVATORBUCKETTHEWEARPLATFORMISDEFINEDINTERMSOFTHECUTTINGEDGEAREAASSOSP2SINTWHERE3ISTHEWEARPLATFORMSLOPEANGLERELATIVETOTHEBACKFACETOFTHECUTTINGPROFILE；SOISCUTTINGEDGEAREATHEPRESSUREONTHEWEARPLATFORMCANBEEXPRESSEDASPPXSINSOTHEAREAOFTHECUTTINGEDGEWHICHPROVIDESTHEDESIREDWEARPATTERNFORTHECUTTINGELEMENTISDEFINEDFROMTHESAMEFORMULASOP1SIN7PI116/27RJU,MMVEZ1VJIV,,1,000M3FIG3FIG4FIG3CUTTINGELEMENTSWITHHEIGHTENEDWEARRESISTANCEUCRLINEARWEARCORRESPONDINGTOFIRSTCRITICALSTAGE；BBANDDBBASICWIDTHANDLENGTHOFCUTTINGEDGEOFWEDGETOOTH；DCALCULATEDLENGTHOFCUTTINGEDGEFIG4DESIGNCONTROLLEDWEARRESISTANCEOFWEDGESHAPEDCUTTINGELEMENTS1,2VARIATIONOFLINEARWEARFORATOOTHWITHANEXPANDEDPARTANDASTANDARDTOOTH,RESPECTIVELY；UMAXMAXIMUMPERMISSIBLEWEAR；VINCREASEDOPERATIONRESOURCEOFNEWTOOTHDESIGNCONSIDERINGTHATTHECUTTINGEDGEAREAISLINKEDTOTHEWEARPLATFORMBYTHEPRECEDINGRELATION,WECANFORMULATESIMPLETECHNOLOGICALCONDITIONSFORIMPROVINGTHEDESIGNOFTHEWORKINGCOMPONENTOFSTANDARDWEDGESHAPEDTEETHINTERMSOFOPTIMALLENGTHOFTHETOOTHCUTTINGEDGEASDSP2S_NIBWHEREDISTHEOPTIMALCUTTINGEDGELENGTHWHICHPROVIDESSTEADYSINGLESTAGEWEAROFCUTTINGELEMENTS；BISTHEACTUALBASICWIDTHOFTHECUTTINGEDGEOFMASSPRODUCEDWEDGETEETH；SP2ISTHEAREAOFTHEPLATFORMCORRESPONDINGTOTHEONSETOFSTEADYWEAR；AND3ISTHEANGLEOFTHESLOPEOFTHEWEARPLATFORMWITHRESPECTTOTOOTHLONGITUDINALAXISFIGURE3OFFERSTECHNOLOGICALCONCEPTSFORREDUCTIONOFCUTTINGELEMENTWEARDYNAMICSBASEDONMASSPRODUCEDWEDGESHAPEDTEETHTHELENGTHOFTHEEXPANDEDPARTOFATOOTHDSHOULDBENOTLESSTHANCRITICALLINEARWEARUCRAFTERTHEEXPANDEDPARTISWORNOFF,ATOOTHACQUIRESTHENATURALSIZEOFTHEPLATFORMCORRESPONDINGTOTHESECONDSTAGEOFSTEADYWEARTHISDESIGNWEARSACCORDINGTOALINEARRELATIONSHIPFIG4WITHANINTENSITYEQUALTO_HATOFTHESECONDSTAGEOFWEAROFMASSPRODUCEDTEETHPARALLELPORTIONSOFPLOTSAFTERATTAININGMAXIMUMWEAR,TEETHWOULDHAVEEXTENDEDSERVICELIFE,EXPRESSEDINANINCREASEDVOLUMEOFEXCAVATEDROCKAVWESHOULDPAYSPECIALATTENTIONTOCREATINGTEETHWITHHEIGHTENEDWEARRESISTANCEWITHOUTMODIFYINGTHEBASICDIMENSIONSORSHAPEOFTHEWORKINGCOMPONENTTHISISIMPORTANT,BECAUSETHISFORMISEASIERANDLESSEXPENSIVETOMANUFACTUREWEDEVELOPEDTHEUNIVERSALGEOMETRYFORTHEWORKINGPARTOFANEXCAVATORTOOTHBASEDONCALCULATIONSOFTHEOPTIMALWIDTHOFTHECUTTINGEDGEWHILERETAININGTHEMAINDIMENSIONSOFSTANDARDTEETHDESIGNSTHETOOTHWITHTHENEWWORKINGCOMPONENTGEOMETRYFIG5HASCUTTINGEDGE1,LINEARSEGMENTOFBACKFACE2,ANDCURVILINEARPART3THEFRONTFACEISFORMEDOFTWOLINEARSEGMENTS4AND5THELINEARSEGMENTOFBACKFACE2ISPARALLELTOTOOTHLONGITUDINALAXIS6,SITUATEDATDISTANCEIFROMTHEAXIS\6\THEPLANEOFTHECUTTINGEDGEISSITUATEDATANANGLEGREATERTHAN90TOTHECUTTINGPLANETHISHELPSFORMASTEADYCOMPACTIONCOREONTHEPLANEOFTHECUTTINGEDGE,WHICHPARTLYPROTECTSITFROMWEARTHECUTTINGEDGEWIDTHISFOUNDFROMANEMPIRICRELATIONSHIPWETOOKTHETOOTHDESIGNDEVELOPEDBYTHEINSTITUTEOFHEAVYMACHINERYURALMASHPRODUCTIONASSOCIATIONFORTHEBASICPROTOTYPE17776FIG5DESIGNOFTHEWORKINGPARTOFATOOTHWITHOPTIMALPARAMETERS1CUTTINGEDGE；2LINEARPORTIONOFTHEBACKFACET；3CURVILINEARBACKFACET；4,5SEGMENTSOFTHEFRONTFACET；6LONGITUDINALTOOTHAXIS；7WEARPLATFORM；BCUINGEDGEWIDTH；A1INITIALCUTTINGANGLE；/WEDGEANGLE；FDISTANCEBETWEENWEDGEANGLEVERTEXANDCUTTINGEDGE；AANDBDIMENSIONSOFLINEARSEGMENTSOFFRONTANDBACKFACETS,RESPECTIVELY；IDISPLACEMENTOFBACKFACETSEGMENTFROMTOOTHAXIS；RWEARPLATFORMSLOPEANGLEBPISINP,DWHEREBISANEFFICIENTWIDTHOFTHECUTTINGEDGE；P1ISTHEEXCAVATORTHRUSTFORCE,WHICHCONSISTSOFTHEWEIGHTOFBUCKETANDTHESTICK,ANDTHEFORCEDEVELOPEDBYTHETHRUSTMECHANISM；3ISTHESLOPEANGLEOFTHEWEARPLATFORMRELATIVETOTHETOOTHAXISORTHELINEARSEGMENTOFTHEBACKFACET；DISTHELENGTHOFTHECUTTINGEDGE；PISTHEPRESSUREONTHEWEARPLATFORMATTHEBEGINNINGOFTHESECONDSTAGE；ANDIISTHENUMBEROFTHETEETHONTHEBUCKETCUTTINGEDGE1SHOULDBEATDISTANCEPISINFROMTHEVERTEXOFTHEWEDGEANGLE,WHEREISTHEWEDGEANGLEOFTHEWORKINGPARTOFTHETOOTHLITERARYDATAINDICATETHATACHANGEOFTHECUTTINGANGLEMOREPRECISELY,THEBACKANGLE,WHICHDEPENDSONTHECUTTINGANGLEGREATLYAFFECTSTHEINTRUSIONFORCEOFCUTTINGELEMENTSWHENTHEBACKANGLEOFATOOTHISINCREASED,THEENERGYCAPACITYOFITSINTRUSIONINTOTHEGROUNDTENDSTODECREASE\7\WEFORMULATEDTHENEWTOOTHGEOMETRYTAKINGTHISFACTORINTOACCOUNTACCORDINGLY,LINEARSEGMENT2ORBACKFACET3ISPARALLELTOTOOTHAXIS6,WHICHALLOWEDUSTOINCREASETHEBACKANGLEBYAFACTOROF2025COMPAREDWITHTHEMASSPRODUCEDMODELTOREDUCETHEWEAROFTHEHORIZONTALCOMPONENTOFTHECUTTINGPARAMETEROFTHEEXCAVATORBUCKET,WESHIFTEDSEGMENT2OFTHEBACKFACETANDTHUSCUTTINGEDGE1BYVALUEFFROMTHETOOTHAXISTHISPOSITIONOFTHEELEMENTSOFTHETOOTHWORKINGCOMPONENTRELATIVETOTHEBUCKETCUTTINGEDGEREDUCESTHERATEOFWEARBECAUSETHEDISTANCEBETWEENTHETOOTHCUTTINGPLANEANDTHEBUCKETEDGECUTTINGPLANEISINCREASEDBY7080FORAGIVENLENGTHOFTHEWORKINGTOOTHPARTPROTRUDINGBEYONDTHEBUCKETFORTHISTOOTHDESIGN,WEDEFINEDTHERELATIONSHIPWHICHCANBEUSEDTOCALCULATETHEDIMENSIONSOFTHEWORKINGELEMENTSTABLE1THELENGTHOFTHECUTTINGEDGEDANDTHENUMBEROFTEETHIARECHOSENDEPENDINGONTHEDESIGNOFTHEEXCAVATORWORKINGELEMENTANDTHEGENERALMACHINESPECIFICATIONSFIGURE6SHOWSTHEORETICALCURVESOFTHEFORMATIONOFWEARPLATFORMDIMENSIONSASAFUNCTIONOFLINEARWEARFORANTKG5AEXCAVATORWECANSEETHATATZEROWEARTHEDESIGNWITHEFFICIENTPARAMETERSHASAWEARPLATFORMOF50RAMTHEDESIGNPRODUCEDBYTHEURALMASHPRODUCTIONASSOCIATIONATTAINSTHEDESIREDDIMENSIONSONLYAFTERSIGNIFICANTLINEARWEARUCRWITHFURTHERWEARFIG6,ZONEIITHEWEARPLATFORMEVOLVESLESSRAPIDLYANDTHEWEARRATEISAPPROXIMATELYEQUALTOTHATOF118
