资源预览需要最新版本的Flash Player支持。
您尚未安装或版本过低,建议您
HYDRAULICSYSTEMDESIGNANDMOLDDESIGNHYDRAULICPRESSERDRIVEANDAIRPRESSUREDRIVEHYDRAULICFLUIDASTHETRANSMISSIONISMADEACCORDINGTOTHE17THCENTURY,PASCALSPRINCIPLEOFHYDROSTATICPRESSURETODRIVETHEDEVELOPMENTOFANEMERGINGTECHNOLOGY,THEUNITEDKINGDOMIN1795BRAMANJOSEPHJOSEPHBRAMAN,17491814,INLONDONWATERASAMEDIUMTOFORMHYDRAULICPRESSUSEDININDUSTRY,THEBIRTHOFTHEWORLDSFIRSTHYDRAULICPRESSMEDIAWORKIN1905WILLBEREPLACEDBYOILWATERANDFURTHERIMPROVEDAFTERTHEWORLDWARI19141918,BECAUSEOFTHEEXTENSIVEAPPLICATIONOFHYDRAULICTRANSMISSION,ESPECIALLYAFTER1920,MORERAPIDDEVELOPMENTHYDRAULICCOMPONENTSINTHELATE19THCENTURYABOUTTHEEARLY20THCENTURY,20YEARS,ONLYSTARTEDTOENTERTHEFORMALPHASEOFINDUSTRIALPRODUCTION1925VICKERSFVIKERSTHEINVENTIONOFTHEPRESSUREBALANCEDVANEPUMP,HYDRAULICCOMPONENTSFORTHEMODERNINDUSTRIALORHYDRAULICTRANSMISSIONOFTHEGRADUALESTABLISHMENTOFTHEFOUNDATIONTHEEARLY20THCENTURYGCONSTANTIMSCOFLUCTUATIONSOFTHEENERGYCARRIEDOUTBYPASSINGTHEORETICALANDPRACTICALRESEARCH；IN1910ONTHEHYDRAULICTRANSMISSIONHYDRAULICCOUPLING,HYDRAULICTORQUECONVERTER,ETCCONTRIBUTIONS,SOTHATTHESETWOAREASOFDEVELOPMENTTHESECONDWORLDWAR19411945PERIOD,INTHEUNITEDSTATES30OFMACHINETOOLAPPLICATIONSINTHEHYDRAULICTRANSMISSIONITSHOULDBENOTEDTHATTHEDEVELOPMENTOFHYDRAULICTRANSMISSIONINJAPANTHANEUROPEANDTHEUNITEDSTATESANDOTHERCOUNTRIESFORNEARLY20YEARSLATERBEFOREANDAFTERIN1955,THERAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFJAPANSHYDRAULICDRIVE,SETUPIN1956,HYDRAULICINDUSTRYNEARLY20TO30YEARS,THEDEVELOPMENTOFJAPANSFASTHYDRAULICTRANSMISSION,AWORLDLEADERHYDRAULICTRANSMISSIONTHEREAREMANYOUTSTANDINGADVANTAGES,ITISWIDELYUSED,SUCHASGENERALINDUSTRIALUSEOFPLASTICSPROCESSINGMACHINERY,THEPRESSUREOFMACHINERY,MACHINETOOLS,ETC；OPERATINGMACHINERYENGINEERINGMACHINERY,CONSTRUCTIONMACHINERY,AGRICULTURALMACHINERY,AUTOMOBILES,ETC；IRONANDSTEELINDUSTRYMETALLURGICALMACHINERY,LIFTINGEQUIPMENT,SUCHASROLLERADJUSTMENTDEVICE；CIVILWATERPROJECTSWITHFLOODCONTROLANDDAMGATEDEVICES,BEDLIFTSINSTALLATIONS,BRIDGESANDOTHERMANIPULATIONOFINSTITUTIONS；SPEEDTURBINEPOWERPLANTINSTALLATIONS,NUCLEARPOWERPLANTS,ETC；SHIPFROMTHEDECKHEAVYMACHINERYWINCH,THEBOWDOORS,BULKHEADVALVE,STERNTHRUSTER,ETC；SPECIALANTENNATECHNOLOGYGIANTWITHCONTROLDEVICES,MEASUREMENTBUOYS,MOVEMENTSSUCHASROTATINGSTAGE；MILITARYINDUSTRIALCONTROLDEVICESUSEDINARTILLERY,SHIPANTIROLLINGDEVICES,AIRCRAFTSIMULATION,AIRCRAFTRETRACTABLELANDINGGEARANDRUDDERCONTROLDEVICESANDOTHERDEVICESACOMPLETEHYDRAULICSYSTEMCONSISTSOFFIVEPARTS,NAMELY,POWERCOMPONENTS,THEIMPLEMENTATIONOFCOMPONENTS,CONTROLCOMPONENTS,AUXILIARYCOMPONENTSANDHYDRAULICOILTHEROLEOFDYNAMICCOMPONENTSOFTHEORIGINALMOTIVEFLUIDINTOMECHANICALENERGYTOTHEPRESSURETHATTHEHYDRAULICSYSTEMOFPUMPS,ITISTOPOWERTHEENTIREHYDRAULICSYSTEMTHESTRUCTUREOFTHEFORMOFHYDRAULICPUMPGEARSAREGENERALLYPUMP,VANEPUMPANDPISTONPUMPIMPLEMENTATIONOFCOMPONENTSSUCHASHYDRAULICCYLINDERSANDHYDRAULICMOTORSWHICHISTHEPRESSUREOFTHELIQUIDCANBECONVERTEDTOMECHANICALENERGYTODRIVETHELOADFORASTRAIGHTLINERECIPROCATINGMOVEMENTORROTATIONALMOVEMENTCONTROLCOMPONENTSTHATIS,THEVARIOUSHYDRAULICVALVESINTHEHYDRAULICSYSTEMTOCONTROLANDREGULATETHEPRESSUREOFLIQUID,FLOWRATEANDDIRECTIONACCORDINGTOTHEDIFFERENTCONTROLFUNCTIONS,HYDRAULICPRESSURECONTROLVALVECANBEDIVIDEDINTOVALVES,FLOWCONTROLVALVESANDDIRECTIONALCONTROLVALVEPRESSURECONTROLVALVESAREDIVIDEDINTOBENEFITSFLOWVALVESAFETYVALVE,PRESSURERELIEFVALVE,SEQUENCEVALVE,PRESSURERELAYS,ETC；FLOWCONTROLVALVESINCLUDINGTHROTTLE,ADJUSTINGTHEVALVES,FLOWDIVERSIONVALVESETS,ETC；DIRECTIONALCONTROLVALVEINCLUDESAONEWAYVALVE,ONEWAYFLUIDCONTROLVALVE,SHUTTLEVALVE,VALVEANDSOONUNDERTHECONTROLOFDIFFERENTWAYS,CANBEDIVIDEDINTOTHEHYDRAULICVALVECONTROLSWITCHVALVE,CONTROLVALVEANDSETTHEVALUEOFTHERATIOCONTROLVALVEAUXILIARYCOMPONENTS,INCLUDINGFUELTANKS,OILFILTERS,TUBINGANDPIPEJOINTS,SEALS,PRESSUREGAUGE,OILLEVEL,SUCHASOILDOLLARSHYDRAULICOILINTHEHYDRAULICSYSTEMISTHEWORKOFTHEENERGYTRANSFERMEDIUM,THEREAREAVARIETYOFMINERALOIL,EMULSIONOILHYDRAULICMOLDINGHOPCATEGORIESTHEROLEOFTHEHYDRAULICSYSTEMISTOHELPHUMANITYWORKMAINLYBYTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFCOMPONENTSTOROTATEORPRESSUREINTOARECIPROCATINGMOTIONHYDRAULICSYSTEMANDHYDRAULICPOWERCONTROLSIGNALISCOMPOSEDOFTWOPARTS,THESIGNALCONTROLOFSOMEPARTSOFTHEHYDRAULICPOWERUSEDTODRIVETHECONTROLVALVEMOVEMENTPARTOFTHEHYDRAULICPOWERMEANSTHATTHECIRCUITDIAGRAMUSEDTOSHOWTHEDIFFERENTFUNCTIONSOFTHEINTERRELATIONSHIPBETWEENCOMPONENTSCONTAININGTHESOURCEOFHYDRAULICPUMP,HYDRAULICMOTORANDAUXILIARYCOMPONENTS；HYDRAULICCONTROLPARTCONTAINSAVARIETYOFCONTROLVALVES,USEDTOCONTROLTHEFLOWOFOIL,PRESSUREANDDIRECTION；OPERATIVEORHYDRAULICCYLINDERWITHHYDRAULICMOTORS,ACCORDINGTOTHEACTUALREQUIREMENTSOFTHEIRCHOICEINTHEANALYSISANDDESIGNOFTHEACTUALTASK,THEGENERALBLOCKDIAGRAMSHOWSTHEACTUALOPERATIONOFEQUIPMENTHOLLOWARROWINDICATESTHESIGNALFLOW,WHILETHESOLIDARROWSTHATENERGYFLOWBASICHYDRAULICCIRCUITOFTHEACTIONSEQUENCECONTROLCOMPONENTSTWOFOURWAYVALVEANDTHESPRINGTORESETFORTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFCOMPONENTSDOUBLEACTINGHYDRAULICCYLINDER,ASWELLASTHEEXTENDINGANDRETRACTINGTHERELIEFVALVEOPENEDANDCLOSEDFORTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFCOMPONENTSANDCONTROLCOMPONENTS,PRESENTATIONSAREBASEDONTHECORRESPONDINGCIRCUITDIAGRAMSYMBOLS,ITALSOINTRODUCEDREADYMADECIRCUITDIAGRAMSYMBOLSWORKINGPRINCIPLEOFTHESYSTEM,YOUCANTURNONALLCIRCUITSTOCODEIFTHEFIRSTIMPLEMENTATIONOFCOMPONENTSNUMBERED0,THECONTROLCOMPONENTSASSOCIATEDWITHTHEIDENTIFIERIS1OUTWITHTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFCOMPONENTSCORRESPONDINGTOTHEIDENTIFIERFORTHEEVENCOMPONENTS,THENRETRACTINGANDIMPLEMENTATIONOFCOMPONENTSCORRESPONDINGTOTHEIDENTIFIERFORTHEODDCOMPONENTSHYDRAULICCIRCUITCARRIEDOUTNOTONLYTODEALWITHNUMBERS,BUTALSOTODEALWITHTHEACTUALDEVICEID,INORDERTODETECTSYSTEMFAILURESDINISO12192STANDARDDEFINITIONOFTHENUMBEROFCOMPONENTCOMPOSITION,WHICHINCLUDESTHEFOLLOWINGFOURPARTSDEVICEID,CIRCUITID,COMPONENTIDANDCOMPONENTIDTHEENTIRESYSTEMIFONLYONEDEVICE,DEVICENUMBERMAYBEOMITTEDPRACTICE,ANOTHERWAYISTOCODEALLOFTHEHYDRAULICSYSTEMCOMPONENTSFORNUMBERSATTHISTIME,COMPONENTSANDCOMPONENTCODESHOULDBECONSISTENTWITHTHELISTOFNUMBERSTHISMETHODISPARTICULARLYAPPLICABLETOCOMPLEXHYDRAULICCONTROLSYSTEM,EACHCONTROLLOOPARETHECORRESPONDINGNUMBERWITHTHESYSTEMWITHMECHANICALTRANSMISSION,ELECTRICALTRANSMISSIONCOMPAREDTOTHEHYDRAULICDRIVEHASTHEFOLLOWINGADVANTAGES1,AVARIETYOFHYDRAULICCOMPONENTS,CANEASILYANDFLEXIBLYTOLAYOUT2,LIGHTWEIGHT,SMALLSIZE,SMALLINERTIA,FASTRESPONSE3,TOFACILITATEMANIPULATIONOFCONTROL,ENABLINGAWIDERANGEOFSTEPLESSSPEEDREGULATIONSPEEDRANGEOF200014,TOACHIEVEOVERLOADPROTECTIONAUTOMATICALLY5,THEGENERALUSEOFMINERALOILASAWORKINGMEDIUM,THERELATIVEMOTIONCANBESELFLUBRICATINGSURFACE,LONGSERVICELIFE；6,ITISEASYTOACHIEVELINEARMOTION/7,ITISEASYTOACHIEVETHEAUTOMATIONOFMACHINES,WHENTHEJOINTCONTROLOFTHEUSEOFELECTROHYDRAULIC,NOTONLYCANACHIEVEAHIGHERDEGREEOFPROCESSAUTOMATION,ANDREMOTECONTROLCANBEACHIEVEDTHESHORTCOMINGSOFTHEHYDRAULICSYSTEM1,ASARESULTOFTHERESISTANCETOFLUIDFLOWANDLEAKAGEOFTHELARGER,SOLESSEFFICIENTIFNOTHANDLEDPROPERLY,LEAKAGEISNOTONLYCONTAMINATEDSITES,BUTALSOMAYCAUSEFIREANDEXPLOSION2,VULNERABLEPERFORMANCEASARESULTOFTHEIMPACTOFTEMPERATURECHANGE,ITWOULDBEINAPPROPRIATEINTHEHIGHORLOWTEMPERATURECONDITIONS3,THEMANUFACTUREOFPRECISIONHYDRAULICCOMPONENTSREQUIREAHIGHER,MOREEXPENSIVEANDHENCETHEPRICE4,DUETOTHELEAKAGEOFLIQUIDMEDIUMANDTHECOMPRESSIBILITYANDCANNOTBESTRICTLYTHETRANSMISSIONRATIO5,HYDRAULICTRANSMISSIONISNOTEASYTOFINDOUTTHEREASONSFORFAILURE；THEUSEANDMAINTENANCEREQUIREMENTSFORAHIGHERLEVELOFTECHNOLOGYINTHEHYDRAULICSYSTEMANDITSSYSTEM,THESEALINGDEVICETOPREVENTLEAKAGEOFTHEWORKOFMEDIAWITHINANDOUTSIDETHEDUSTANDTHEINTRUSIONOFFOREIGNBODIESSEALSPLAYEDTHEROLEOFCOMPONENTS,NAMELYSEALSMEDIUMWILLRESULTINLEAKAGEOFWASTE,POLLUTIONANDENVIRONMENTALMACHINERYANDEVENGIVERISETOMALFUNCTIONINGMACHINERYANDEQUIPMENTFORPERSONALACCIDENTLEAKAGEWITHINTHEHYDRAULICSYSTEMWILLCAUSEASHARPDROPINVOLUMETRICEFFICIENCY,AMOUNTINGTOLESSTHANTHEREQUIREDPRESSURE,CANNOTEVENWORKMICROINVASIVESYSTEMOFDUSTPARTICLES,CANCAUSEOREXACERBATEFRICTIONHYDRAULICCOMPONENTWEAR,ANDFURTHERLEADTOLEAKAGETHEREFORE,SEALSANDSEALINGDEVICEISANIMPORTANTHYDRAULICEQUIPMENTCOMPONENTSTHERELIABILITYOFITSWORKANDLIFE,ISAMEASUREOFTHEHYDRAULICSYSTEMANIMPORTANTINDICATOROFGOODORBADINADDITIONTOTHECLOSEDSPACE,ARETHEUSEOFSEALS,SOTHATTWOADJACENTCOUPLINGSURFACEOFTHEGAPBETWEENTHENEEDTOCONTROLTHELIQUIDCANBESEALEDFOLLOWINGTHESMALLESTGAPINTHECONTACTSEAL,PRESSEDINTOSELFSEALSTYLEANDSELFSTYLEDSELFTIGHTSEALIE,SEALEDLIPSTWOTHETHREEHYDRAULICSYSTEMDISEASES1,ASARESULTOFHEATTRANSMISSIONMEDIUMHYDRAULICOILINTHEFLOWVELOCITYINVARIOUSPARTSOFTHEEXISTENCEOFDIFFERENT,RESULTINGINTHEEXISTENCEOFALIQUIDWITHINTHEINTERNALFRICTIONOFLIQUIDSANDPIPELINESATTHESAMETIMETHEREISFRICTIONBETWEENTHEINNERWALL,WHICHAREARESULTOFHYDRAULICTHEREASONSFORTHEOILTEMPERATURETEMPERATUREWILLLEADTOINCREASEDINTERNALANDEXTERNALLEAKAGE,REDUCINGITSMECHANICALEFFICIENCYATTHESAMETIMEASARESULTOFHIGHTEMPERATURE,HYDRAULICOILEXPANSIONWILLOCCUR,RESULTINGININCREASEDCOMPRESSION,SOTHATACTIONCANNOTBEVERYGOODCONTROLOFTRANSMISSIONSOLUTIONHEATISTHEINHERENTCHARACTERISTICSOFTHEHYDRAULICSYSTEM,NOTONLYTOMINIMIZEERADICATIONUSEAGOODQUALITYHYDRAULICOIL,HYDRAULICPIPINGARRANGEMENTSHOULDBEAVOIDEDASFARASPOSSIBLETHEEMERGENCEOFBEND,THEUSEOFHIGHQUALITYPIPEANDFITTINGS,HYDRAULICVALVES,ETC2,THEVIBRATIONOFTHEVIBRATIONOFTHEHYDRAULICSYSTEMISALSOONEOFITSMALAISEASARESULTOFHYDRAULICOILINTHEPIPELINEFLOWOFHIGHSPEEDIMPACTANDTHECONTROLVALVETOOPENTHECLOSUREOFTHEIMPACTOFTHEPROCESSARETHEREASONSFORTHEVIBRATIONSYSTEMSTRONGVIBRATIONCONTROLACTIONWILLCAUSETHESYSTEMTOERROR,THESYSTEMWILLALSOBESOMEOFTHEMORESOPHISTICATEDEQUIPMENTERROR,RESULTINGINSYSTEMFAILURESSOLUTIONSHYDRAULICPIPESHOULDBEFIXEDTOAVOIDSHARPBENDSTOAVOIDFREQUENTCHANGESINFLOWDIRECTION,CANNOTAVOIDDAMPINGMEASURESSHOULDBEDOINGAGOODJOBTHEENTIREHYDRAULICSYSTEMSHOULDHAVEAGOODDAMPINGMEASURES,WHILEAVOIDINGTHEEXTERNALLOCALOSCILLATORONTHESYSTEM3,THELEAKAGEOFTHEHYDRAULICSYSTEMLEAKINTOINSIDEANDOUTSIDETHELEAKAGELEAKAGELEAKAGEREFERSTOTHEPROCESSWITHTHELEAKOCCURREDINTHESYSTEM,SUCHASHYDRAULICPISTONCYLINDERONBOTHSIDESOFTHELEAKAGE,THECONTROLVALVESPOOLANDVALVEBODY,SUCHASBETWEENTHELEAKAGEALTHOUGHNOINTERNALLEAKAGEOFHYDRAULIC
