资源预览需要最新版本的Flash Player支持。
您尚未安装或版本过低,建议您
JOURNALOFMATERIALSPROCESSINGTECHNOLOGY187–1882007690–693ADAPTIVESYSTEMFORELECTRICALLYDRIVENTHERMOREGULATIONOFMOULDSFORINJECTIONBNARDINA,∗,BˇZAGARA,∗,ASLOVENIA,ABSTRACTDITIONSMEANSMOULDITWPATENTONLINEINFLUENCECONTROL2006ELSEVIERBVALLRIGHTSRESERVEDKSIMULATIONS1DEVELOPMENTOFTECHNOLOGYOFCOOLINGMOULDSVIATHERMOELECTRICALTEMMEANSDERIVESOUTOFTHEINDUSTRIALPRAXISANDPROBLEMS,IEATDESIGN,TOOLMAKINGANDEXPLOITATIONOFTOOLSCURRENTCOOLINGTECHNOLOGIESHAVETECHNOLOGICALLIMITATIONSTHEIRFINITEPLETELYRETROLLABLEINGTECHNOLOGIESENINGONLYTIONAND11PRPLASTICPROCESSINGISBASEDONHEATTRANSFERBETWEENPLASTICMATERIALANDMOULDCAVITYWITHINCALCULATIONOFHEATTRANSFERONESHOULDCONSIDERTWOMAJORFACTSFIRSTISALLUSEDENERGY09240136/DOILIMITATIONSCANBELOCATEDANDPREDICTEDINADVANCEWITHELEMENTANALYSESFEASIMULATIONPACKAGESBUTNOTCOMAVOIDEDRESULTSOFADIVERSESTATEOFTHEARTANALYSESVEALEDTHATALLEXISTINGCOOLINGSYSTEMSDONOTPROVIDECONHEATTRANSFERCAPABILITIESADEQUATETOFITINTODEMANDTECHNOLOGICALWINDOWSOFCURRENTPOLYMERPROCESSINGPOLYMERPROCESSINGISNOWADAYSLIMITEDINTERMOFSHORTTHEPRODUCTIONCYCLETIMEANDWITHINTHATREDUCINGCOSTSWITHHEATCAPACITYMANIPULATIONCAPABILITIESOTHERPRODUCOPTIMIZATIONCAPABILITIESAREALREADYDRIVENTOMECHANICALPOLYMERPROCESSINGLIMITATIONS3∗CORRESPONDINGAUTHORSTEL3863490920；FAX38634264612EMAILADDRESSBLAZNARDINTECOSSIBNARDINWHICHISBASEDONFIRSTLAWOFTHERMODYNAMICSLAWOFENERGYCONSERVATION1,SECONDISVELOCITYOFHEATTRANSFERBASICTASKATHEATTRANSFERANALYSESISTEMPERATURECALCULATIONOVERTIMEANDITSDISTRIBUTIONINSIDESTUDIEDSYSTEMTHATLASTDEPENDSONVELOCITYOFHEATTRANSFERBETWEENTHESYSTEMANDSURROUNDINGSANDVELOCITYOFHEATTRANSFERINSIDETHESYSTEMHEATTRANSFERCANBEBASEDASHEATCONDUCTION,CONVECTIONANDRADIATION112COOLINGTIMECOMPLETEINJECTIONMOULDINGPROCESSCYCLECOMPRISESOFMOULDCLOSINGPHASE,INJECTIONOFMELTINTOCAVITY,PACKINGPRESSUREPHASEFORCOMPENSATINGSHRINKAGEEFFECT,COOLINGPHASE,MOULDOPENINGPHASEANDPARTEJECTIONPHASEINMOSTCASES,THELONGESTTIMEOFALLPHASESDESCRIBEDABOVEISCOOLINGTIMECOOLINGTIMEININJECTIONMOULDINGPROCESSISDEFINEDASTIMENEEDEDTOCOOLDOWNTHEPLASTICPARTDOWNTOEJECTIONTEMPERATURE1–SEEFRONTMATTER2006ELSEVIERBVALLRIGHTSRESERVED101016/JJMATPROTEC200611052ATECOS,TOOLANDDIEDEVELOPMENTCENTREOFBFACULTYOFELECTRICALENGINEERINGONEOFTHEBASICPROBLEMSINTHEDEVELOPMENTANDPRODUCTIONPROCESSINTHEMOULDPRECISESTUDYOFTHERMODYNAMICPROCESSESINMOULDSSUCHSYSTEMUPGRADESCONVENTIONALCOOLINGSYSTEMSWITHINTHEINTHEPAPER,THEAUTHORSWILLPRESENTRESULTSOFTHERESEARCHPROJECT,WHICHTHETESTINGSTAGE,THEPROTOTYPESTAGEANDTHEINDUSTRIALIZATIONPHASETHERMOREGULATIONOFTHEMOULDOVERTHECYCLETIMEANDOVERALLPRESENTEDAPPLICATIONCANPRESENTAMILESTONEINTHEFIELDOFMOULDTEMPERATUREEYWORDSINJECTIONMOULDING；MOULDCOOLING；THERMOELECTRICMODULES；FEMINTRODUCTION,DEFINITIONOFPROBLEMMOULDINGGLOJEKA,DKRIˇZAJBKIDRIˇCEVACESTA25,3000CELJE,SLOVENIA,LJUBLJANA,SLOVENIAOFMOULDSFORINJECTIONMOULDINGISTHECONTROLOFTEMPERATURECONSHOWED,THATHEATEXCHANGECANBEMANIPULATEDBYTHERMOELECTRICALORCANBEASTANDALONEAPPLICATIONFORHEATMANIPULATIONWITHINASCARRIEDOUTINTHREEPHASESANDITSRESULTSAREPATENTEDINA686\2006WILLBEPRESENTEDTHEMAINRESULTSOFTHEPROJECTWERETOTALANDRAPIDONQUALITYOFPLASTICPRODUCTWITHEMPHASISONDEFORMATIONANDPRODUCTQUALITYCONTROLDURINGTHEINJECTIONMOULDINGPROCESSTHERMALPROCESSESININJECTIONMOULDINGPLASTICOCESSINGBNARDINETAL/JOURNALOFMATERIALSPROCESSINGTECHNOLOGY187–1882007690–693691COOLINGFROMMOULDANDTEMPERATUREFROM2ENTMOSTIELINES,ACCUMULATEDTOITYINTOALTERLIKINTETHEERTIESWITHATUREINDEPENDENTDONEFROMSIMULATIONTEM21WTRICALTHEFIG2TEMBLOCKDIAGRAMNOWNEVERUSEDINTHEINJECTIONMOULDINGAPPLICATIONSTEMMODULESEEFIG2ISADEVICECOMPOSEDOFPROPERLYARRANGEDPAIRSOFPANDNTYPESEMICONDUCTORSTHATAREPOSITIONEDBETWEENTWOCERAMICPLATESFORMINGTHEHOTANDTHECOLDTHERMOELECTRICCOOLERSITESPOWEROFAHEATTRANSFERCANBEEASILYCONTROLLEDTHROUGHCURRENT22INTOUNITTRANSFERALLOSYSTEMMODULESPERATUREHEATCONSTANTTRICWITHTEMCHANNELSCONTROLLABLEMOULDFIG1MOULDTEMPERATUREVARIATIONACROSSONECYCLE2THEMAINAIMOFACOOLINGPROCESSISTOLOWERADDITIONALTIMEWHICHISTHEORETICALLYNEEDLESS；INPRAXIS,ITEXTENDS45UPTO67OFTHEWHOLECYCLETIME1,4FROMLITERATUREANDEXPERIMENTS1,4,ITCANBESEEN,THATTHETEMPERATUREHASENORMOUSINFLUENCEONTHEEJECTIONTIMETHEREFORETHECOOLINGTIMECOSTSINJECTIONMOULDINGPROCESSISACYCLICPROCESSWHEREMOULDVARIESASSHOWNINFIG1WHERETEMPERATUREVARIESAVERAGEVALUETHROUGHWHOLECYCLETIMECOOLINGTECHNOLOGYFORPLASTICINJECTIONMOULDSASITWASALREADYDESCRIBED,THEREAREALREADYSEVERALDIFFERTECHNOLOGIES,ENABLINGTHEUSERSTOCOOLTHEMOULDS5THECONVENTIONALISTHEMETHODWITHTHEDRILLINGTECHNOLOGY,PRODUCINGHOLESINTHEMOULDTHROUGHTHESEHOLESCOOLINGTHECOOLINGMEDIAISFLOWING,REMOVINGTHEGENERATEDANDHEATFROMTHEMOULD1,2ITISALSOVERYCONVENIENTBUILDINDIFFERENTMATERIALS,WITHDIFFERENTTHERMALCONDUCTIVWITHTHEAIMTOENHANCECONTROLOVERTEMPERATURECONDITIONSTHEMOULDSUCHAPPROACHESARESOCALLEDPASSIVEAPPROACHESWARDSTHEMOULDTEMPERATURECONTROLTHECHALLENGINGTASKISTOMAKEANACTIVESYSTEM,WHICHCANTHETHERMALCONDITIONS,REGARDINGTOTHEDESIREDASPECTS,EPRODUCTQUALITYORCYCLESTIMEONEOFSUCHAPPROACHESISGRATINGTHERMALELECTRICALMODULESTEM,WHICHCANALTERTHERMALCONDITIONSINTHEMOULD,REGARDINGTHEDESIREDPROPWITHSUCHAPPROACH,THEONECANCONTROLTHEHEATTRANSFERTHETIMEANDSPACEVARIABLE,WHATMEANS,THATTHETEMPERCANBEREGULATEDTHROUGHOUTTHEINJECTIONMOULDINGCYCLE,OFTHEPOSITIONINTHEMOULDTHEHEATCONTROLISBYTHECONTROLUNIT,WHERETHEINPUTVARIABLESARERECEIVEDTHEMANUALINPUTORTHEINPUTFROMTHEINJECTIONMOULDINGWITHTHEOUTPUTVALUES,THECONTROLUNITMONITORSTHEMODULEBEHAVIOURTHERMOELECTRICMODULESTEMFORTHENEEDSOFTHETHERMALMANIPULATION,THETEMMODULEASINTEGRATEDINTOMOULDINTERACTIONBETWEENTHEHEATANDELECVARIABLESFORHEATEXCHANGEISBASEDONTHEPELTIEREFFECTPHENOMENONOFPELTIEREFFECTISWELLKNOWN,BUTITWASUNTILTHEMAGNITUDEANDTHEPOLARITYOFTHESUPPLIEDELECTRICAPPLICATIONFORMOULDCOOLINGTHEMAINIDEAOFTHEAPPLICATIONISINSERTINGTEMMODULEWALLSOFTHEMOULDCAVITYSERVINGASAPRIMARYHEATTRANSFERSUCHBASICASSEMBLYCANBESEENINFIG3SECONDARYHEATISREALIZEDVIACONVENTIONALFLUIDCOOLINGSYSTEMTHATWSHEATFLOWSINANDOUTFROMMOULDCAVITYTHERMODYNAMICDEVICEPRESENTEDINFIG3COMPRISESOFTHERMOELECTRICATHATENABLEPRIMARILYHEATTRANSFERFROMORTOTEMCONTROLLABLESURFACEOFMOULDCAVITYBSECONDARYTRANSFERISENABLEDVIACOOLINGCHANNELSCTHATDELIVERTEMPERATURECONDITIONSINSIDETHEMOULDTHERMOELECMODULESAOPERATEASHEATPUMPANDASSUCHMANIPULATEHEATDERIVEDTOORFROMTHEMOULDBYFLUIDCOOLINGSYSCSYSTEMFORSECONDARYHEATMANIPULATIONWITHCOOLINGWORKASHEATEXCHANGERTOREDUCEHEATCAPACITYOFAREATHERMALINSULATIONDISINSTALLEDBETWEENTHECAVITYFANDTHEMOULDSTRUCTUREPLATESEFIG3STRUCTUREOFTEMCOOLINGASSEMBLY692BNARDINETAL/JOURNALOFMATERIALSPROCESSINGTECHNOLOGY187–1882007690–693ATURESYSTEMINPUTANDINFORMATIONCUTIONRELATIONSORMEDIACURRENTOFOFFURTHERMORE,FILESDESCRIBEDRESEARCHTROLTHEORETICAL,ASPECTONEINTO3MOULDINGDESIGNDAYSMOLDFLOESPECIALLYDESIGNERSTIONUNRELIABLETIONTEM,BANDSIMULATIONSFIG5CROSSSECTIONOFAPROTOTYPEINFEMENVIRONMENT31PHYSICALMODEL,FEMANALYSISIMPLEMENTATIONOFFEMANALYSESINTODEVELOPMENTPROJECTWASDONEDUETOAUTHORS’LONGEXPERIENCESWITHSUCHPACKAGES4ANDPOSSIBILITYTOPERFORMDIFFERENTTESTINTHEVIRTUALENVIRONMENTENINTHEMDECOMSOLIDENTICALPOSSIBLETAKINGFLUIDPHYSICSWIMPACTGOALINGTEMPERATUREFIG4STRUCTUREFORTEMPERATUREDETECTIONANDREGULATIONTHEWHOLEAPPLICATIONCONSISTSOFTEMMODULES,ATEMPERSENSORANDANELECTRONICUNITTHATCONTROLSTHECOMPLETETHESYSTEMISDESCRIBEDINFIG4ANDCOMPRISESOFANUNITINPUTINTERFACEANDASUPPLYUNITUNITFORELECTRONICPOWERELECTRONICSUPPLYHBRIDGEUNITTHEINPUTANDSUPPLYUNITSWITHTHETEMPERATURESENSORLOOPAREATTACHEDTOACONTROLUNITTHATACTSASANEXEUNITTRYINGTOIMPOSEPREDEFINEDTEMPERATE/TIME/POSITIONUSINGTHEPELTIEREFFECT,THEUNITCANBEUSEDFORHEATINGCOOLINGPURPOSESTHESECONDARYHEATREMOVALISREALIZEDVIAFLUIDCOOLINGSEENASHEATEXCHANGERINFIG4THATUNITISBASEDONCOOLINGTECHNOLOGIESANDSERVESASASINKORASOURCEAHEATTHISENABLESCOMPLETECONTROLOFPROCESSESINTERMSTEMPERATURE,TIMEANDPOSITIONTHROUGHTHEWHOLECYCLEITALLOWSVARIOUSTEMPERATURE/TIME/POSITIONPROWITHINTHECYCLEALSOFORSTARTINGANDENDINGPROCEDURESTECHNOLOGYCANBEUSEDFORVARIOUSINDUSTRIALANDPURPOSESWHEREPRECISETEMPERATURE/TIME/POSITIONCONISREQUIREDTHEPRESENTEDSYSTEMSINFIGS3AND4WEREANALYSEDFROMTHEASWELLASTHEPRACTICALPOINTOFVIEWTHETHEORETICALWASANALYSEDBYTHEFEMSIMULATIONS,WHILETHEPRACTICALBYTHEDEVELOPMENTANDTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHEPROTOTYPEREALAPPLICATIONTESTINGFEMANALYSISOFMOULDCOOLINGCURRENTDEVELOPMENTOFDESIGNINGMOULDSFORINJECTIONCOMPRISESOFSEVERALPHASES3AMONGTHEMISALSOANDOPTIMIZATIONOFACOOLINGSYSTEMTHISISNOWAPERFORMEDBYSIMULATIONSUSINGCUSTOMIZEDFEMPACKAGESW4THATCANPREDICTCOOLINGSYSTEMCAPABILITIESANDITSINFLUENCEONPLASTICWITHSUCHSIMULATIONS,MOULDGATHERINFORMATIONONPRODUCTRHEOLOGYANDDEFORMADUETOSHRINKAGEASELLASPRODUCTIONTIMECYCLEINFORMATIONTHISTHERMALINFORMATIONISUSUALLYACCURATEBUTCANSTILLBEINCASESOFINSUFFICIENTRHEOLOGICALMATERIALINFORMAFORTHEHIGHQUALITYINPUTFORTHETHERMALREGULATIONOFITISNEEDEDTOGETAPICTUREABOUTTHETEMPERATUREDISTRIUTIONDURINGTHECYCLETIMEANDTHROUGHOUTTHEMOULDSURFACETHROUGHOUTTHEMOULDTHICKNESSTHEREFORE,DIFFERENTPROCESSARENEEDEDWHOLEPROTOTYPECOOLINGSYSTEMWASDESIGNEDINFEMVIRONMENTSEEFIG5THROUGHWHICHTEMPERATUREDISTRIBUTIONEACHPARTOFPROTOTYPECOOLINGSYSTEMANDCONTACTSBETWEENWEREEXPLOREDFORSIMULATINGPHYSICALPROPERTIESINSIDEAVELOPEDPROTOTYPE,ASIMULATIONMODELWASCONSTRUCTEDUSINGMULTIPHYSICSSOFTWARERESULTWASAFEMMODELTOREALPROTOTYPESEEFIG7THROUGHWHICHITWASTOCOMPAREANDEVALUATERESULTSFEMMODELWASEXPLOREDINTERMOFHEATTRANSFERPHYSICSINTOACCOUNTTWOHEATSOURCESAWATEREXCHANGERWITHPHYSICSANDATHERMOELECTRICMODULEWITHHEATTRANSFERONLYCONDUCTIONANDCONVECTIONWASANALYSED,RADIATIONASIGNOREDDUETOLOWRELATIVETEMPERATUREANDTHEREFORELOWONTEMPERATUREBOUNDARYCONDITIONSFORFEMANALYSESWERESETWITHTHETOACHIEVEIDENTICALWORKINGCONDITIONSASINREALTESTSURROUNDINGAIRANDTHEWATEREXCHANGERWERESETATSTABLEOF20◦CFIG6TEMPERATUREDISTRIBUTIONACCORDINGTOFEMANALYSISBNARDINETAL/JOURNALOFMATERIALSPROCESSINGTECHNOLOGY187–1882007690–693693ATUREFIGINRESPONSEVTEMPERATUREWHATPROBLEMSMOUNTING,INTELLIGENT32TESTEDTIONSCONTROLMOULDWLATEDSIMULATINGMOULDINGSORS,TEMPERATUREREPRESENTSMOULDING4NECTIONMILESTONEINCOOLINGAPPLICATIONSITSINTRODUCTIONINTOMOULDSFORINJECTIONMOULDINGWITHITSPROBLEMATICCOOLINGCONSTRUCTIONANDPROBLEMATICPROCESSINGOFPRECISEANDHIGHQUALITYPLASTICPARTSREPRESENTSHIGHEXPECTATIONSTHEAUTHORSWEREASSUMINGTHATTHEUSEOFTHEPE
