毕业论文-a study on word-formation of english fashion words

2011040011169ASTUDYONWORDFORMATIONOFENGLISHFASHIONWORDSAPAPERSUBMITTEDASAPARTIALFULFILLMENTOFTHEREQUIREMENTSFORTHEDEGREEOFBASUPERVISEDBYSHIYUCOLLEGEOFFOREIGNLANGUAGESANDLITERATUREWUHANDONGHUUNIVERSITYMAY,2015摘要语言随着社会的变化而变化，也随着社会的进步而进步。所有的语言都是由最早期的词根和框架逐渐完善的。随着文化的不断发展，作为最受欢迎和传播最广泛的英语，也在不断地完善和进步。英语是人类传播感情的中介，是交流信息的工具。而作为语言中核心的组成部分，词汇是言语变化最突出的表现。所以想要了解一种语言的进步，首先就要了解其词汇的发展，即了解其新兴的词汇。英语是一种流行广泛的国际语言，是使用国家最多的语言，也是随着文化的进步发展最快的语言之一。和其他语言一样，如果我们想要了解英语发展历史和趋势，也需要从词汇入手，以词汇为研究内容的核心。由此看来，英语网络新词对研究英语发展历程的研究具有重要意义。这篇论文首先概述了英语流行词汇的发展并给出其定义，然后探索了英语流行词汇出现的背景及原因。接着文章又从构词这方面对网络上出现的英语新词的特点进行了总结和论述。本文还结合实例对七种英语流行词汇的构词方法进行了详细的介绍和分析。每个方法就会列举出其对应的新词，然后去分析这些新词，找到其构词的方法。英语发展的步伐很快，新词的增长速度也让人惊叹，可是无论什么新词，都会遵循词汇学的特点和规律。而把握这些英语新词构词的特点和规律，会有助于英语学习真更好的掌握这些流行词汇，也让英语学习者更多的了解到新词的魅力和趣味。关键词语言；变化；英语流行词汇；发展；构词法；ABSTRACTLANGUAGEADVANCESWITHTHEELABORATIONOFDEVELOPINGSOCIALLIFE,ALSOPROGRESSESALONGWITHSOCIETYSPROGRESSANYOFTHELANGUAGESDATEFROMITSEARLYVOCABULARYANDARCHITECTUREBEINGONEOFTHEMOSTPOPULARLANGUAGESAROUNDTHEHUMANWORLD,ENGLISHISTHEMEDIATIONFORPEOPLETOEXPRESSINTERACTIONALONGWITHTHERAPIDEVOLUTIONOFHIGHTECHNOLOGYANDRAPIDTRANSFORMATION,ENGLISHLANGUAGEISTHECOGNITIONTOOLOFCULTURALINFORMATIONINTHECONSTANTCHANGEANDPROGRESSANDITISTHECARRIEROFDISSEMINATINGIMPORTANTINFORMATIONASTHECOREPARTOFLANGUAGE,VOCABULARYBECOMESTHEMOSTPROMINENTMANIFESTATIONOFLANGUAGECHANGETHEREFORE,IFWEWANTTOUNDERSTANDTHEPROGRESSOFLANGUAGE,WENEEDTOUNDERSTANDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFITSVOCABULARYATFIRST,NAMELY,UNDERSTANDITSEMERGINGVOCABULARYENGLISHASANINTERNATIONALLANGUAGEISTHEMOSTWIDELYACCEPTEDLANGUAGEITISALSOONEOFTHEMOSTRAPIDLYDEVELOPINGLANGUAGESWHICHPROGRESSWITHTHEADVANCEDCIVILIZATIONROLLSSEPARATEDFROMTHEIRCASESIFYOUWANTTOKNOWTHEPROGRESSANDDEVELOPMENTOFENGLISH,THEPRIORITYYOUSHOULDPREPAREISTOGAINKNOWLEDGEOFVOCABULARYTHEREFORE,ITISGREATSIGNIFICANTTOSTUDYTHEINTERNETENGLISHNEWWORDSTHISPAPERBEGINSWITHASUMMARYOFTHEDEVELOPMENTOFPOPULARENGLISHVOCABULARYANDALSOPROVIDESTHEDEFINITIONOFITANDTHENITEXPLORESTHEBACKGROUNDANDREASONSOFPOPULARENGLISHWORDSTHENTHEPAPERSUMMARIZESTHECHARACTERISTICSOFINTERNETWORDSFROMTHEASPECTOFWORDFORMATIONTHISPAPERCOMBINEDWITHTHOSEEXAMPLESLISTEDSEVENKINDSOFCOMMONWORDFORMATIONSOFENGLISHPOPULARVOCABULARYSUCHASSYNTHESIS,DERIVATIVE,TRUNCATEDFORMATION,ACRONYM,BLENDING,NEOLOGYTRACKINGANDINNOVATIONEACHFORMATIONWILLBEENUMERATEDBYTHECORRESPONDINGNEWWORD,ANDTHENBEANALYZEDBYTHESENEWWORDSINORDERTOFINDTHEWORDBUILDINGMETHODSENGLISHISCONSTANTLYIMPROVINGANDDEVELOPINGTHEGROWTHOFNEWWORDSISAMAZINGASWELLHOWEVER,EACHNEWWORDWILLFOLLOWTHELEXICALCHARACTERISTICSANDRULESTOTAKEADVANTAGEOFTHOSELEXICALCHARACTERISTICSANDRULESWILLHELPTHELEARNERSTOGRASPTHESEPOPULARVOCABULARIES,ANDALSOHELPENGLISHLEARNERSTOLEARNMOREABOUTTHECHARMANDFUNKEYWORDSLANGUAGECHANGESENGLISHFASHIONWORDSDEVELOPMENTWORDFORMATIONCONTENTS1INTRODUCTION12THESOURCESOFENGLISHFASHIONWORDS221POLITICALASPECT322ECONOMICASPECT323SCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYASPECT424CULTURE43THECHARACTERISTICSOFENGLISHFASHIONWORDS531SEMANTICFEATURES532FORMATIONFEATURES633PHONETICFEATURES64WAYSOFTHEFORMATIONOFENGLISHFASHIONWORDS641COMPOUNDING742DERIVATION743CONVERSION844ACRONYM945CLIPPING946BLENDING1047BACKFORMATION11CONCLUSION11REFERENCES121INTRODUCTIONWITHTHEIMPROVEMENTOFSOCIALLIFE,THERECOMESOUTAVASTOFNEWENGLISHWORDSTHEYARECALLED“FASHIONWORDS”,ALSO“THELATESTWORDS”EUGENEANADA,AMAGNIFICENTAMERICANTRANSLATOR,SAID,“ACHARACTER,ALTHOUGHITONCEHADBEENTHEMOSTSIGNIFICANTCONTENT,COULDBETRANSFORMEDWITHEASE”EXACTLY,ALONGWITHTHEIMPROVEMENTOFSOCIETYANDTHEADVANCEMENTOFTECHNOLOGY,ENGLISHFASHIONWORDSARECREATEDONEAFTERANOTHERBRIANFOSTERONCEPRESENTEDUSABREATHTAKINGCASEOFHOWSWIFTLYENGLISHVOCABULARYTRANSMITTEDINTHEYEAR1914,MONICABALDWIN,WHOWASAYOUNGFASHIONABLEGIRLOCCUPIEDINAMONASTERY,REMAININGTHEREASAHERMITUNTIL194112ASRETURNINGTOTHEREALSOCIETY,SHEWASAWAREOFTHATTHEOUTERWORLDHADBECOMEDIFFERENTTOSUCHALARGEEXTENTSHESAID,“ITISUNBELIEVABLETHATTHECONDITIONSOFEVERYDAYLIFECOULDBEAFFECTEDBYSOCIALDEVELOPMENTANDSCIENTIFICADVANCEMENTSOMUCHITALSOPROVESTHATVOCABULARYISTHEBIGGESTPROBLEMFORSTUDENTTOLEARNENGLISHWHENSOMANYNEWENGLISHWORDSAPPEARED,THEPRIORITYISTOGRASPTHELEXICALSTRUCTUREIFYOUDESIRELEARNAWORDBYHEART,YOUSHOULDGRASPHOWITISCONSTRUCTEDANDWHETHERORNOTITCANBEBROKENDOWNINTOTWOORMORECONSTITUENTSTHISPAPERMAINLYINVOLVEDWITHTHELEXICALSTRUCTUREPROCESSESWHEREFASHIONABLEWORDSARECOINEDTHEMAINCONTENTISTOSWOTPRIMARYSTRUCTUREOFNEWCYBERWORDANDTOCOMEUPWITHREGULARPATTERNSMANAGINGTHEIRFORMWITHTHEWORDSENDLESSLYGENERATINGANDIMPROVING,LANGUAGEBECOMESALIVENEVERBEFOREINHISTORYHASTHELANGUAGEBEENSUCHANUNPARALLELEDIMPACTOFNEWFASHIONWORDSTOACKNOWLEDGEINFACT,SINCE1990S,ITHADBEENALREADYCOMEAROUNDTHEUSA,NEOLOGISMBOOMINGHASCREATEDASTRONGMOVEMENTINTHEGLOSSOLOGYFIELDTHEEVENTISNAMEDAS“THENEWWORDREVOLUTION”THENEWWORDREVOLUTIONISTHERADICALEXPLOSIONOFNEWWORDSANDTERMINOLOGYCREATEDBYTHEDIGITALREVOLUTIONWHICHINCLUDES“NEWTECHNOLOGY,NETWORK,POPULARENTERTAINMENT,SLANGOFTHEYOUNGANDNEWTERMSFROMHUNDREDSOFOTHERFIELDALTHOUGHNATIVESPEAKERSHASBEENSPEAKINGENGLISHFORYEARSASVERYFAMILIARWITHTHELANGUAGE,SINCE“THENEWWORDREVOLUTION”COMESINTOBEING,THEYSTILLCANNOTHELPTHEMSELVESTOMAKETHEIRVOCABULARYFASHIONABLEALLTIMESOITPROVESHOWIMPORTANTITISFORPEOPLETOSTUDYCOINEDWORDSWHENWEREADINGTHEUPTODATEENGLISHNEWSSHEETANDPERIODICALSORLISTENTOENGLISHRADIOPROGRAMS,WEMEETMANYFASHIONWORDSFREQUENTLY,ITCAUSESTHATWEAREINCAPABLEOFFIGURINGOUTMEANINGSOFTHEMITMEANSWEHAVETOACKNOWLEDGETHEFACTTHATWECANNOTALWAYSDEPENDONDICTIONARIESINTHISCASE,AINTEGRATEDINVESTIGATIONSABOUTTHEWORDLANGUAGEFORMOFENGLISHFASHIONABLEWORDSWOULDBECOMEVERYINSTRUMENTALTOENGLISHLEARNERSWHOAREDESIREFORABETTERCOMPREHENSIONOFENGLISHFASHIONABLEVOCABULARYEVENIFNUMEROUSENGLISHSPECIALISTSHAVEMADEAGREATDEALOFSURVEYSONENGLISHNEOLOGISM,ANDALSOHAVEMANYACHIEVEMENTS3HOWEVER,WITHTHERAPIDEVOLUTIONOFTHESOCIALLIFE,ENGLISHNEOLOGISMCHANGESCONSTANTLYITISESPECIALLYTOUGHTOKEEPPACEWITHTHEENGLISHNEOLOGISMITISHOPEDTHATTHEREISAWAYWHICHCOULDHELPENGLISHLEARNERSTOCATCHUPWITHCURRENTCHANGESOFENGLISHWORDSTHEPAPERSVIEWPOINTSMAYNOTBEVERYCOMPREHENSIVE,INTHATENGLISHNEWWORDSAREONLYALITTLEPARTOFTHEVASTNUMBEROFNEWWORDSALLTHESAME,ISTILLHAVEATRYTOINTERPRETTHETRUTH,THOUGHINNOTVERYSYSTEMATICWAY,HOWTORECOGNIZEAVARIETYOFTRADITIONALPATTERNSOFWORDFORMATIONAREINTERRELATED,HOWTOUSETHENEWWORDARECONSTITUTED2THESOURCESOFENGLISHFASHIONWORDSCYCLEVOCABULARYANDLANGUAGESYSTEMHASACLOSERELATIONSHIPTHEYCANREFLECTPEOPLESHISTORYANDAVARIETYOFSOCIALCHANGEISVERYGOOD4ATTHESAMETIME,ITCANMIRRORTHEEMERGENCEOFNEWWORDSANDINEVITABLYSOCIALSTATUS,CUSTOMS,VALUES,WAYSOFTHINKING,ANDMANYOTHERSOCIALFACTORSTHEREISREASONTOHAVEAGOODUNDERSTANDINGOFSEMANTICS,ITISVITALFORUSTOEXPLORETHESOCIALBACKGROUNDSWHICHINFLUENCEHOWENGLISHFASHIONWORDSWERECREATED21POLITICALASPECTSINCEWORLDWARII,THEWORLDSRAPIDLYEVOLVINGSITUATION,WHICHISTHEDEVELOPMENTOFENGLISHWORDSFASHIONHAVEHADAPROFOUNDIMPACTKNOSSOSFROMTHEKOREANWARTOTHEWARFREQUENTFOREIGNAFFAIRSOFEACHCOUNTRYREPORTPROCESSINGITISSHUTTLEDIPLOMACYSHUTTLEDIPLOMACYTHELEADERSOFSEVENWESTERNCOUNTRIESATTENDEDTHEMEETINGWASCALLEDG7SUMMITG7峰会5JAPAN,AMERICA,ANDEUROPEANCOUNTRIESHAVEBEENINRECENTTRADEDISPUTESYEARSTHESOCALLEDTRADEWAR贸易战SOMENEWWORDSREFLECTTHECHANGEOFWORLDSITUATIONATTHERIGHTTIMEANDRECORDTHESOCIALCHANGESCORRECTLYPOLITICSIMPACTONTHELANGUAGEANDITSVOCABULARY,ANDINTHESAMEWAY,THENEOLOGISMREFLECTSPOLITICALCHANGES22ECONOMICASPECTKEEPABREASTOFTHESITUATIONTHEREARECREATEDSOMANYNEWWORDSWECANSEESOMEECONOMICORGANIZATIONSANDTREATIESFOREXAMPLE,THEFAMOUSWTOWORLDTRADEORGANIZATIONTHENAFTANORTHAMERICANFREETRADEAGREEMENTTOSTRENGTHENTHEECONOMICUNIONTOAUNIFIEDEUROPEANMARKET,THEEUROPEANUNIONDECIDEDTOCARRYOUTCURRENCY,THEEUROUNRAVEL,ANDTHENETWORKECONOMY网络经济THEEMERGENCEOFSOMENEWENGLISHWORDSARECOINED,SUCHASECOMMERCE电子商务,ETAIL电子零售,CYBERSTAR网络明星,CYBERPET电子宠物,ETCTODAY,PEOPLECANUSETHEPLASTIC信用卡TOWITHDRAWMONEYONTHEHOLEINWALLATM自动取款机INTHESUPERMARKETCUSTOMERSCANCONSUMEGOODSLOYALTYCARD贵宾卡ANDMEMBERSHIPCARD会员卡PROVIDINGCONSUMERSWITHAGOODSHOPPINGENVIRONMENT,PEDESTRIANSHOPPINGSTREETONLYSTRUCTUREFREQUENTLYAROUNDTHEWORLD,SOTHENEWTERM“WALKINGSTREET“步行街WASCREATED623SCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYASPECTTHEIMPROVEMENTOFSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYISTHEMOSTSIGNIFICANTPARTOFTHEEMERGENCEOFNEWENGLISHWORDSFORINSTANCE,THELAUNCHSPACECRAFTISASYMBOL,WHICHMARKSTHEPROGRESSOFSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY,SOMANYNEWWORDSCONNECTEDWITHTHESPACECRAFTAREWIDELYUSED,SUCHASSPACESICKNESS宇航病,DEEPSPACE深空间BYTHEENDOF2002,CHINALAUNCHEDTHE“SHENZHOUIVSPACECRAFT“SUCCESSFOREIGNMEDIAFORTHEFIRSTTIMEUSEDTHEWORD“ASTRONAUT“THE“SHENZHOUV“AFTERTHELAUNCH,THENEWWORDINTHEMEDIAFREQUENTLYAPPEAREDINWESTERNCOUNTRIESATTHESAMETIME,ADVANCEDMEDICALSCIENCEHASBROUGHTMANYNEWENGLISHWORDSTHEYINCLUDEMEDICALTERMINOLOGY,THENAMEOFTHENEWLYDEVELOPEDDRUGS,ANDSOMENEWBACTERIAORVIRUSESFOREXAMPLEINVITROFERTILIZATION试管婴儿,ANTHRAX炭疽,BOVINESPONGIFORMENCEPHALOPATHY疯牛病,FOOTANDMOUTH口蹄疫,SEXREASSIGNMENTSURGERY变性手术,CLONING克隆,SARS非典型性肺炎,LAPAROSCOPICSURGERY腹腔镜手术,BOTULINUMTOXIN肉毒杆菌ANDTHELIKEADVANCEMENTOFCOMPUTERTECHNOLOGY,CREATEDALOTOFFASHIONWORDSIN“CYBERSPACE“网络世界,YOUCANSEEALOTOF“POPUPADS“网上出现的弹式广告YOUCANGOTOANYWEBSITESURFING网上冲浪ORBROWSING网上漫游MAYBEYOUCANREGISTERASNETIZEN网民IFYOUTRIED,YOUCANSTAYINCYBERIA电脑咖啡屋HAVEARESTORYOUCANGOECINEMA电子影院SIGNDRIVEINMOVIESWATCHINGMOVIESYOUCANHAVEANORMALONLINEROMANCE上网看电影ANDLOVEAFFAIR网恋WITHYOURNETFRIEND网友,BUTDONOTTOUCHHACKER黑客ANDVIRUSESVIRUSES24CULTURECULTUREALSOPLAYSATERMPRODUCTIONPLAYSANIMPORTANTROLEITISWIDELYRECOGNIZEDTHATLANGUAGEISCULTUREBEARERSTHEREFORE,AMORECOLORFULCULTURALLIFERICHERANDLANGUAGEWILLTHUS,WITHTHERAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFSOCIALLIFECONTENT,ALARGENUMBEROFNEWWORDSFINDTHEIRPLACE“HIPPIES“,ALSOCALLED“FLOWERCHILDORPERSON“,APPEAREDINTHE1960S,ITISTHATTHESEPEOPLEWHOADVOCATELOVEANDPEACE,THESTRUGGLEAGAINSTTHEVIETNAMWAR,BUTTHEYWERENEGATIVEPACIFISTTHEYAREALSOTAKINGDRUGS,WEARINGSTRANGECLOTHES,LIKEGREGARIOUSSIMILARLY,THE“NEWYIPPIES“URBANYOUNGCITIZENSWHOHAVETHEEXPERTISE,WITHGOODINCOMEAND“YEEPIES“YOUTHFULVIGOROFAMANINTHENEXTFEWYEARS3THECHARACTERISTICSOFENGLISHFASHIONWORDS31SEMANTICFEATURESMANYENGLISHFASHIONWORDSAREOFTENFORMEDBYDERIVINGFROMSOMEFREQUENTLYUSEDWORDS,PUTFAMILIARWORDSTOGETHER,ORADDANEWMEANINGTOEXISTINGWORDSTHEREFORE,THESEENGLISHWORDSFASHIONHASBECOMEAVIVIDANDAPPROPRIATECHARACTERISTICCONCISE,CL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