2019全国1卷完形填空 精深ppt课件.ppt

1、,目录,1,背景知识,CONTENTS,02,04,Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor,TITLE HERE,01,03,Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor,TITLE HERE,说起乞力马扎罗山，热爱文学的小伙伴肯定不陌生，海明威名作乞力马扎罗的雪中对于生与死的描写不禁让人深思；而对于憧憬远方的人，文中对乞力马扎罗的描写也令人心生向往。可是谁能想到

2、，我们会和她邂逅在2019高考的考场上 全国1卷的完形填空将我们带到了神秘而美丽的乞力马扎罗。,CONTENTS,02,04,Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor,TITLE HERE,01,03,Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor,TITLE HERE,但是，可能对于很多考生来说，这篇完形只有“神秘”没有“美丽”。这篇完形，可以说承载了英语1卷最多的

3、亮 (槽) 点。下面，就让我们一起来探讨下这篇完形填空，一起走进乞力马扎罗山。,乞力马扎罗山是坦桑尼亚人心中的骄傲。据传，在很久很久以前，天神降临到这座高耸入云的高山。盘踞在山中的妖魔鬼怪为了赶走天神，在山腹内部点起了一把大火，滚烫的熔岩随着熊熊烈火喷涌而出。妖魔的举动激怒了天神，他呼来了雷鸣闪电瓢泼大雨把大火扑灭，又召来了飞雪冰雹把冒着烟的山口填满，这就是今天看到的这座赤道雪山，地球上一个独特的风景在坦桑尼亚人民中间传诵，使大山变得神圣而威严无比。,乞力马扎罗山高高的山顶白雪皑皑，山腰云雾缭绕，充满着神奇莫测的气氛，尤其是黄昏的时候，山顶的云雾偶尔散去，银白晶莹的峰顶在金色的夕阳余辉照耀之下

4、，露出妖艳的容颜，显得五彩缤纷，绚丽灿烂。多少世纪以来，许多当地人认为乞力马扎罗山是“上帝的宝座”，对它敬若神明，流传着许多精彩而美丽的民间传说故事。,Tips,针对网上很多吐槽不知道是什么山的考生，建议对于英语中一些常见的人名和地名，大家还是记起来，有时候那不仅仅是一个名字，更多的可能是一个故事，一种文化。,2,话题与文体,话题,热门话题 新课标话题人与自然下自然与环境一题。但这篇完形的主线又与一般环保文章略有不同，这篇文章侧重facts和changes。,话题,人与自然 自然与环境话题常见话题词汇(新方略Unit 30 标红为文中出现词汇)：,文体,往年完形记叙文居多。今年的完形有些复杂，

5、行文有记叙、说明以及议论三种体裁的混合。,Tips,从这篇不走寻常路的完形，可以看出高考的文章越来越多样化，不能拘泥于某个话题就是固定内容，某个题型就是某种文体，否则会对考试心理产生影响。,3,结构与主线,乞力马扎罗山的改变,篇首,篇中,篇尾,乞力马扎罗山的污染问题,对上述问题提出质疑，并进行验证、说明,作者得出结论,语篇线索词,Para 1,waste, damage, disappear, change,other destinations, purer skeptical,go through five ecosystems the best experience,乞力马扎罗山被污染,作

6、者感到怀疑,however, change a clean mountain efforts, paying off,环境已经改观,Para 2,Para 3,Para 4,Para 5,五种生态系统,deserve the reputation？No,结论,Tips,文章的结构和主线还是十分清晰的，抓住线索词(包括话题词汇和逻辑衔接词等)，就能比较清晰地掌握文章的大意。,4,考点分布,Tips,除了文章的选择越来越多样化，词汇的考查也是越来越灵活，范围越来越广。熟词生义、一词多义甚至低频词层出不穷，这实际上提高了对词汇量的要求。,5,精深解读,Every year about 40,000

7、people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They bring with them lots of waste. The crowds might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing, changing the face of Kilimanjaro.,逻辑关系,从线索词waste, damage, disappearing可知本段讲述乞力马扎罗山面临的问题：大量垃圾，破坏环境，冰川消失。41题根据mi

8、ght damage可知登山者“带来”大量垃圾，这两句之间为因果关系；42题其实指的还是“登山者”，只是换了种说法crowds，意为“那群人”；最后一句话中changing分词短语作结果状语，“冰川在消失，因此改变了乞力马扎罗的面貌”，两者也是因果关系。,品味,Hearing these stories, Im skeptical about the place other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.,Hearing these stories“听到这些”stories指第一段提到的waste, dama

9、ge the beauty和disappearing，即“报道”(与第三段第一句的report同义异构)。本段的破折号是一种对比转折，对乞力马扎罗山的报道是“垃圾、破坏”，而其他目的地的报道是“purer”，作者的态度就显而易见了 skeptical。这是非常关键的一个词，可以说是点题之笔。后面三段进一步印证了这一点。但是skeptical作为低频词给此空增加了难度。,品味,逻辑关系,Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They bring wi

10、th them lots of waste. The crowds might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing, changing the face of Kilimanjaro.,attempt to do sth: 输出词块 试图做某事 crowd: 非正式 (含贬义) 一伙人，一帮人 face: 一词多义 (地区、机构或活动领域的) 外观，面貌 （词汇意识-基本义到衍生义-隐喻）,品味,词汇意识,Hearing these stories, Im skeptical about the

11、place other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.,be skeptical about: 认知语块 对怀疑的 skeptical : 认低频词 怀疑的 (skeptic + al),品味,词汇意识,However, I soon discover that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of camps among tons of rubbish. I find a clean mountain, with toilets a

12、t camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off.,从However和changed可知作者“发现”情况已经改变 作者看到的是座“干净”的山，a clean mountain，with结构进一步确定了这一点。最后一句中but是关键词，根据上文可知环境已经改观，那么为环保所做的努力定是“pay off”；综合来看，最后一句要表达的是虽然

13、难度“很大”，但是“取得成效”,品味,逻辑关系,However, I soon discover that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of camps among tons of rubbish. I find a clean mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National P

14、ark Authority seem to be paying off.,disturbing: 派生词 令人不安的 (disturb + ing)； significant: 熟词生义 相当大的 (基本义“意义重大的”); pay off: 输出词块 成功，奏效,品味,词汇意识,The best of a Kilimanjaro experience, in my opinion, isnt reaching the top. Mountains are regarded as spiritual places by many cultures. This view is especiall

15、y evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers go through five ecosystems (生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers.,这几句是本段的主要内容攀登乞力马扎罗山最棒的体验是，reaching the top和第二段的other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences对此空都有提示。比较难的是view的选择，但是从其上一句很多山被“视为”，可知这是一种“观点”。,品味,逻辑关系,The best of a Kilimanjaro ex

16、perience, in my opinion, isnt reaching the top. Mountains are regarded as spiritual places by many cultures. This view is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers go through five ecosystems (生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers.,experience: 精准的汉语释义 体验 对应逻辑关系 reach the top be regarded as: 输出词块

17、被视为 对应逻辑关系 this view spiritual: 构词法 精神 (上) 的 (spirit + ual)；语义衍生为-神圣的 go through: 输出词块；一词多义 穿过，经历,品味,词汇意识,At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, giving way to lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather changes low clouds envelop the mountainsides, which are covered

18、 with thick grass. I count twelve shades of green from where I stand.,整个语段层次十分清晰：前三句总述，后面依次介绍五种生态系统。这几句话介绍从山脚到海拔3000米的生态系统：山脚是雨林，海拔3000米变为低矮植物，低矮植物“取代”了雨林；生态系统改变，天气也随之“改变”。而count的选择是根据上文对多种植物的描写，植被多样化，绿色深浅不一，作者能“数”出12种之多，count与twelve 构成句内逻辑关系。,品味,逻辑关系,At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at

19、 3, 000 meters, giving way to lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather changes low clouds envelop the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I count twelve shades of green from where I stand.,base: 精准的汉语释义 基底，底座 (此处指山脚)； abruptly: 低频词 突然地； give way to: 熟词生义 被替代 (基本义为“给让路，让位于”

20、，此处引申为“被取代”)； envelop: 课标外词 笼罩； shade: 熟词生义 浓淡深浅，色度 与twelve 构成句内逻辑关系。,品味,词汇意识,Above 4, 000 meters is the highland desert: gravel (砾石), stones and rocks. Finally you climb into an arctic-like zone with permanent snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.,最后描写海拔4000米到山顶的生态系统：高原荒漠和雪山。highland deser

21、t与gravel, stones and rocks构成句内逻辑关系；permanent与arctic-like zone构成句内逻辑关系。 permanent: 低频词 永久的,品味,逻辑&词汇,跨学科知识储备,Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? I found the opposite to be true.,最后一段明确作者态度：人满为患，垃圾遍山，对这一“美誉”，乞力马扎罗山“担当不起”。

22、 deserve the reputation 名不虚传，实至名归,品味,后置定语,宾语补足语,逻辑&词汇,Tips,1. 整篇文章，不论是句内，段内还是段落间，逻辑性都比较强，这是完形填空的题型特点。所以任何一词，一句都不可怠慢。 2. 低频词较往年偏多。对于低频词，一般都不够重视，出现频率低也就容易忽略，且难于记忆。在此总结两个记忆低频词的方法：构词法和词源。 3. 一词多义和熟词生义依然是考查的重点难点。死记硬背是记不完的，只有掌握了释义的内在规律，才能举一反三融会贯通。,6,译文赏析,每年约有4万人试图攀登非洲最高峰 乞力马扎罗山。这些登山者带来了大量的垃圾，破坏了乞力马扎罗山的美。同

23、时，冰川也在不断消融，改变着乞力马扎罗山的面貌。 听到这些消息，我不禁怀疑 为什么别的地方都被描述为“更纯净”的自然之旅 (而乞力马扎罗山却在遭受污染)？,品味,然而，很快我就发现，自从那些令人不安的报道声称登山者在垃圾成堆的山上宿营之后，情况已经有了很大的变化。我看到的是一座干净的山，宿营地和登山途中都配有厕所。虽然环境保护的难度巨大，但是坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局为之所做的努力似乎正见成效。,品味,在我看来，攀登乞力马扎罗山最棒的体验并不是登顶。在许多文化里，大山都被视为精神圣地。乞力马扎罗山尤为如此，因为登山者会在几公里的空间内穿越五种生态系统。山脚是茂密雨林，而到海拔3000米时，画风突变

24、，取而代之的是大片低矮植物。再往上，覆盖着浓密草丛的山坡云雾缭绕，天气也随之改变。在目所能及的范围内，我看到了12种深浅不一的绿色。而海拔4000米以上就是遍地砂石的高原荒漠了。继续向上爬，终年的积雪和即将消失的冰川，让你仿佛置身于北极。,品味,人满为患，喧闹嘈杂，乞力马扎罗山是否担得起这一“美誉”？我想答案是否定的。,品味,7,原文对照,原文出处：,This is the silliest thing Ive done in my life, Ann says as she emerges from her tent. I should have done it when I was muc

25、h younger. Tomorrow youll think it was worth the effort, Maria responds. Its a bitterly cold night in January. Im at Barafu Camp on Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, with Ann Austen, a 69-year-old New Yorker and Maria Nielson, 55, from Sweden. In the midnight darkness I watch them join a line of 200 he

26、adlamps, slowly ascending the last slope to reach the highest point in Africa - 5,895 meters (19,340 feet) above sea level. (Kilimanjaros official elevation is the subject of dispute - the preceding figures are the most commonly cited.),品味,But Im waiting. Id learned from a local that while most grou

27、ps trek to the summit overnight, hundreds at a time, to catch the sunrise from the top, the best time to climb is around 10 a.m. when the crowds, and the clouds, clear. I know the mountain, this is my mountain, Sifael Malle tells me. Its a good decision. Were alone on Uhuru Peak, the highest point o

28、n Kibo crater, one of the three volcanic cones that comprise the mountain. Three champagne corks are the only sign that others had been here earlier. Without Malles local knowledge, however, it could have been different.,品味,Tourism impact The Overseas Development Institute (ODI), a British think tan

29、k, estimates that every year 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, bringing with them tons of waste and other environmental threats, including water contamination and soil erosion. The crowds threaten the beauty of the place, which cultural narratives depict as a symbol of solitude and peace.

30、The glaciers are disappearing, changing the face of Kilimanjaro. Local porters are often underpaid and climb without adequate equipment. Hearing these stories, Im skeptical about the place - other destinations are described as purer natural experiences.,品味,However, I soon discover that much has chan

31、ged since the days of horrific reports of camps among open-air latrines, trash littering the landscape and congested trails. I find a clean mountain, with toilets at camps and along the routes. The environmental challenges are significant but the initiatives implemented by the Tanzania National Park

32、s Authority seem to be paying off. The ODI calculated in 2009 that tourists spend just less than $50 million per year around the Kili experience. Some 28%, $13 million, is considered to directly benefit the poor. The ODI says this is the most successful transfer of resources from international touri

33、sts to impoverished locals theyve witnessed.,品味,The local view Take, for instance, my local guide. Malle comes from a poor farming family that lived by a road used by tourists. In previous years, hed rush toward the jeeps that drove by, hoping to receive gifts. We dreamed of owning those cars, he to

34、ld me. But the reality is poverty, few jobs, often unstable and underpaid. The dreams get easily forgotten. I tried to keep mine: to live a better life, to start my own business and to be able to support others. I begged guides to take me on the mountain, even for free. They told me I was too thin,

35、incapable of carrying the weight.,品味,They asked for my climbing equipment, and laughed as I did not have any. I persisted and found a guide who employed me. Malle became a porter in 1999. He went back to school to study tour guiding and botany. In 2006, he passed the government examination and becam

36、e a licensed guide. I soon thought that with my experience of the mountain I could be a better tour operator, as most of the existing ones have never been on the mountain. He set up us his own company. I sent hundreds of messages to people announcing my new company, and gradually people started to r

37、espond. Kili Base Adventure was born. Kilimanjaro is offering entrepreneurial opportunities that were impossible a decade ago.,品味,Conquest vs. experience The highlight of a Kilimanjaro experience, in my view, isnt reaching the top. A simple, aimless wander on a mountain trail might not seem to have

38、the drama of a summit ascent. But mountains are regarded as spiritual places by many cultures, not least for their natural attributes. This view is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers venture through five ecosystems in the space of few kilometers. At the base is a dense rainforest. It ends

39、 abruptly at 3,000 meters, giving way to alpine heathland, abundant with giant heathers.,品味,Further up the weather changes - low clouds envelop the slopes, which become covered with tussock grass and sporadic giant lobelias. Here the greens are less vibrant but more varied than in the brighter fores

40、t below. I count 12 shades of verdant green in a three-meter radius from where I stand. Above 4,000 meters is the highland desert: gravel, stones, rocks and cliffs. A place for ascetics. Finally you climb into an arctic-like zone, with permanent snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.,品味,Clea

41、n climb Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with long lines of tourists spoiling the atmosphere of solitude? I found the opposite to be true. Throughout my climb the trails were empty and, on the summit, I was alone. My secret, of course, was the local knowledge provided by Malle and tailor-making my own climb. The tourism industry sells standardized packages: everyone follows the same route, does the same thing, walks at the same time. I didnt - my sense of satisfaction came from the connection with the spirit of a beautiful and legendary place.,品味,8,声临其境,Eve