2020年中考语法高频考点提升训练专题5数词和冠词

1、专题5冠词和数词 高频考点巧突破 考点一、不定冠词的用法。 不定冠词用a还是an由后面一个词的首音决定。以元音开头的词前用an,以辅音（包括半元音，不是元音 字母）开头的词前用a。 1. a和an均用在单数可数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物。如： A dietionary is a_useful book. ； An underground train can start and stop quickly. 2. 指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。如：This is a book.； He used to be an engin eer. 3 .泛指某人或某物，但未具体说明何人、何物，如：A boy

2、 is waiting for me. ; Give me a pen, please. 4. 表示 每一的意思，相当于 every。如： Behind the house there is a_garden. ; once a week. 5. 用于某些固定词组中，如： a few, a little, a lot of, a_n umber of, just a_mi nute, in a hurry 等。 考点二、定冠词的用法。 1. 指彼此都知道的人或事物，如：Open the door, please.; Go and close the window. 2. 特指某（些）人或某（些

3、）事物，如：The girl in red is my sister.; The book on the desk is mine. 3. 指前面提至 U过的人或事物，如：Here is a picture of a moder n car factory. My father works in the factory. 4. 表示世界上独一无二的事。如：the sun; the moon; the sky 等。 5. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前，以及在方位词前。如：The Nile is the Ion gest river in the world. He won the first pr

4、ize. ； The sun rises in lhe east. 6. 用在某些形容词前，表示一类人或事物，如：the rich, the sick, the new , the false等。 7. 用在姓氏复数之前，表示某一家人” 某某夫妇。如：the Lis, the Zhangs等。 8. 在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称的前面，女如： the North China Plain , the Rocky Mountains , the Yangtse River 等。 10. 用于演奏的乐器之前。如：play the （violinguitarerfupianoltrumpet.

5、music） 11. 用在某些专用名词前，如：Great Wall, the People s Republic of Chi等。 12. 在一些用语中，如：in the mornin g（/after noon/eve nin g）, i n the day, by the way 等。 考点三、不用冠词的情况 1. 专有名词人名，地名，节日，月份，年份，星期和不可数名词。 2. 球类，棋类，语言，三餐，游戏名称和颜色前不加冠词。 3. 名词前已有 this, that, my, your, some, any, no, each, every 等代词作定语时，不用冠词。 4. 在表示家庭成

6、员名称，称呼语，表示头衔或职务的名词前不加冠词。 5. 表示某一类人或事物的复数名词前。 考点四、数词的词形。 （1 ）在1-12中，1-12为基数词中的数词；序数词 1-3为特殊变化，序数词 4-12在基数词词尾加-th。注意 fifth （第五）； ninth （第九）和 twelfth （ 第十二）的特殊拼写 。 （2）在13-19中，13-19基数词在数词 3-9后加-teen构成。其中13和15发生拼写变化：thirteen和fifteen , 相应序数词在基数词后加-th构成。13-19岁的少年用tee ns （in one s te在某人十多岁时）。 （ 3）在 20-90 整十

7、位数，在基数词 2-9 之后加 -ty 构成。其中 20、30、40、50 拼法特殊。在构成相应的序 数词时，将词尾 y变i，再加-eth。表示二十多岁等用twenty等的复数twenties （in one s twenti在某人二 十多岁时 ）。 （ 4）两位数之间的数，由十位数加个位数构成，中间用连字符。构成序数词时，连字符前为基数词，后为 序数词。如：二十五 twenty-five; 第九十九 ninety-ninth. （5）100以上数词,整百位数由1-9加hundred构成，序数词在词尾加-th ;整千位数由1-9加thousand构成, 序数词在词尾加-th。在百位和个位之间须

8、加 and,如：141 one hundred and forty-one ； 1201 one thousand two hundred and one ，构成序数词只将最后一个数变成序数词。 考点五、基数词及其用法。 1 .表示一个具体数字。 （o 念作 /o / 或 zero） 此时， hundred, thousand, million, billion 一律不用复数 （ 在表示 一个不确定数字时则用复数）；2.电话号码（62083338）; 3事物表示编号顺序 （名词在前，女口： Room 303; World War Two） ； 4.货币（100 dollars） ； 5.度量（

9、50 kilos） ； 6.小数（2.5 meters） ； 7.表示几十岁”， 例如：He died still in his forties ； 8.表示”年代”，用 in +the + 数词复。 考点六、序数词及其用法。 1. 序数词表示顺序，意思是“第几 ”。前面要加定冠词，例如： The first truck is carrying a foot baskets 。 2. 序数词前面可加不定冠词来表示“再一”， “又一”的意思，例如： I have to do it a second time。 3. 表示分数时，分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时，分母加-s。例如：

10、 three fourths, one second, two fifths. 4. 表示 “日期”如： August 5th； May 1st. 注意:较为容易拼写错误的 序数词及其缩写形式： one-first, two-second, three-third,five-fifth, eight-eighth, nine-ninth, twelve-twelfth。 缩写形式：first v1second2ndthird 3rd fourth 4th twenty-second22nd 高效特训速提升黑 一、单项填空。 1.1 ts time for dinner. Kings are a

11、t table. A. /,the B. the, the C. The,/ D./,/ 2. What do you usually have for breakfast? I often have bread and milk. A./,/B./,theC. a,/D. the, the 3. Dont give up, try for second twice. A. theB. aC./D. an 4. Would you go for walk with me after supper? A. the,/ B. a,/C./,theD./,a 5. There isnt water

12、or air on the moon, and man cant live on it. A. aB. theC. one D./ 6. more you read English, better youll learn. A. The, the B./,/C. A, aD. The, a next year. 7. More college graduates would like to work in west part of our country A. the, the B./,/ 8.He hit his sister in face A. the B. her 9. Joh n l

13、ives on floor. A.twe nty B. twen tieth 10. -How many workers are there in -There are two. A. hun dreds B. hu ndred C. C./,theD. the,/ C. xD. his C. the twe ntieth D. the twe ntyth your factory? hun dred of D. hun dreds of 11. Aboutstude nts in our class can describe that place in En glish. A. three-

14、fifths B. three-fifth C. third-five D. third-fifths 12. -Can you write the n umber eighty-five thousand, six hundred and twenty-six? -Yes, it is A.856620 B.85626 C.58662 D.58626 根据需要在短文空格中填入适当的冠词(a/an/ the/x ) 13. When was the PRC foun ded? It was founded on A. July 1, 1921 B. October 1, 1949 C. Aug

15、ust 1, 1927 D. May 1, 1922 14. Chin ese are look ing for ways to lear n En glish well before Beiji ng 2008 Olympics. A. Thousa nd B. Thousa nds C. Thousa nd of D. Thousa nds of 15. Mr Zhang teaches at Middle School. A. a No.5 B.No.5 C. the No.5th D.5th No 二、在必要的地方用适当的冠词(a, an, the,/)填空。 / -i-i.a ?ia

16、 v ia” 1. Theres u a s inworduse . 2.Oh, I saw old womansitting on achair by thelake. Maybe sheis. 3. The next morning, she went to school without breakfast. 4.1 caught bad cold and had to stay in bed. 5. Is your pen black one? I think I saw it somewhere. 6.1 m going to see my moth She is ill in hos

17、pital. 7. We have three mealsday. We havebreakfast at 6:30 inmorning. 8. Tina, could you please playpiano for me while I n? singing 9. What ismost useful invention in the 20 th century? 10. Can you see one-eyed cow in field? 1. We will have a(two-mon th/two-mon ths) holiday after the exam. 2. (Thous

18、a nd of/Thousa nds of) trees are cut dow n in the forests every year. 3. Im very hungry, I have eaten two cakes, would you please give me (a third/the third) one? 4. (Three fourth/ Three fourths)of the land in the world is covered by water. 5. He has worked on the farm for (two and half/ two and a h

19、alf)years. 6. Xiao Mao and Da Mao are in (Team Four/Four team). 7. We all think that the(twe nty-first/twe ntieth-first) cen tury will bring us more hopes. 8. Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a(three/third) one. 9.I heard the sports meeting has been put off until(the 3rd and 4th/ fou

20、r a nd five), hasn t it? 10.(Two-third/ Two-thirds)is of the earth is made up of ocea ns. 四、词语运用 Onfine morning in May, my classmates and I went to visit university. It is one of biggest universities in our city. We saw students of university were studying. We talked with old professor .He told us a

21、 lot about his university. At half past ten we said goodbye to professor of university and came back toschool. We had a good time that day because we learned a lot from visit. 五、完形填空 Do you have a pla n for your future? Our country has its pla n. It sells what China hopes to do in n ext _1_ years. T

22、he plan promises higher pay, better education and less pollution by _2_. If the promises all come true, Chinese people s life will change_3_ lot. Accord ing to the pla n, _4_people in the country will ben efit a lot. For example, _5_ gover nment will offer safe drinking water to _6_ coun tryside peo

23、ple in 2010. _7_ of broad roads will be built to connect all towns and villages. So millio ns of people livi ng in _8_ villages will soon drink running water in stead of dirty well water. As the plan describe, China will make steps forward in _9_scie nee. Chi na spaceme n will la nd on the earth. China might build its own big pla nes. If you go to uni versity by air in 2010, you will probably find that _10 s nChdean plane is not from Boeing (波音)or