英语专业语言学复习试题

1、morphology1.what is morphology?2.how are words classified?3.what is the relationship between word category and its meaning?4.how can you identify the meaning of a word?5.what is a morpheme?6.what is a morph and an allomorph?7.how many morphemes are there in each of the following words? a) superasegm

2、ental b) interactionist c) industrialization d) decentralized8.how many allomorphs does the plural morpheme shave? what are they?9. how are morphemes classified?10. what is an inflectional morpheme? and what is a derivational one?11. how many inflectional morphemes does modern english have? what are

3、 they?12. how are the following words formed? antislavery; greenhouse; skin the apple; ufo; tesol; medicare; adsyntax1.what is syntax?2.what is a syntactic category?3.what are endocentric and exocentric constructions?4.what are phrase structure rules like?5what are the three syntactic relations like

4、?6. what is sentence rule like?7. what is ic analysis?8. what are deep structures and surface structure?9. what are transformational rules?10. are you able to analyze sentences with tree diagrams?introduction: language1. whats your understanding of language?2. what are the well-known theories about

5、the origin of language?3. what are the design features of human language?4. what functions does language have?introduction: linguistics1. what is linguistics?2. what are the main branches of linguistics?3. please describe the scope of research for each branch of linguistics.4. what are the interdisc

6、iplinary studies of language?5. what is the difference between synchronic linguistics and diachronic linguistics?6. what distinguishes prescriptive studies of language from descriptive studies of language?7. what is the difference between langue and parole?8. what is the difference between competenc

7、e and performance?introduction: language & linguisticsi. fill in the blanks.(1) language, broadly speaking, is a means of human communication.(2) language has many functions. we can use language to talk about itself. this function is metalingual.(3) the theory that language arose from human bein

8、gs instinctive need for contact with his companion has been called the pooh-pooh theory.(4) modern linguistics is descriptive in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rules for people to observe. (5) one general principle of linguistic analysis is t

9、he primacy of speech over writing.(6) the description of a language as it changes through time is a diachronic study.(7) saussure put forward two important concepts. competence refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community.(8) in any language words can be used

10、in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences based on limited rules.this feature is usually termed productivity/creativity.ii. decide whether the following sentences are t or f.t (1) duality is one of the characteristics of human language. it refers to the fact that

11、language has two levels of structures: the system of sounds and the system of meanings.f (2) prescriptive linguistics is more popular than descriptive linguistics, because it can tell us how to speak correct language.t (3)competence and performance refer respectively to a language users underlying k

12、nowledge about the system of rules and the actual use of language in concrete situations.f (4) language is a means of verbal communication. therefore, the communication way used by the deaf-mute is not language.t (5) arbitrariness of language makes it potentially creative, and conventionality of lan

13、guage makes a language be passed from generation to generation. as a foreign language learner, the latter is more important for us.t (6) by diachronic study we mean to study the changes and development of language. t (7) language is relatively stable and systematic while parole is subject to persona

14、l and situational constraints.f (8) language change is universal, ongoing and arbitrary.t (9) in language classrooms nowadays the grammar taught to students is basically descriptive, and more attention is paid to the developing learners communicative skills.f (10) language is a system of arbitrary,

15、written signs which permit all the people in a given culture, or other people who have learned the system of that culture, to communicate or interact.f (11) saussures exposition of synchronic analysis led to the school of historical linguistics.t (12) applied linguistics is the application of lingui

16、stic principles and theories to language teaching and learning.language and society1.what is sociolinguistics?2.speech community3.speech variety4.dialectal varieties5.idiolect6.register7.pidgin and creole8.bilingualism and diglossialanguage and culture1.what is culture?2.sapir-whorf hypothesis (swh)

17、3.the significance of culture in language classroomssemantics1. what is semantics?2. how many kinds of meaning did linguists find and study?3. how many views are there concerning the study of meaning?4. what is sense and what is reference?5. what is componential analysis? give an example to illustra

18、te it.6. what is semantic field? can you illustrate it?7. what are the major sense relations? illustrate each type.8. what are the major types of synonyms in english? illustrate each type.9. what are the major types of synonyms in english? illustrate each type.10. how many semantic relations are the

19、re among sentences?give examples.11. what is predication analysis?12. fill in the blanks.(1) sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form?(2) mean and frugal are said to be emotive synonyms.(3) we call the relation between “animal” and “cow” as hyponymy.(4) “words are names of

20、 labels for things.” this view is called naming theory in semantic studies.(5) cold and hot are a pair of gradable antonyms.(6) bull: bovine male adultis an example of componential analysis.(7) “ john killed bill but bill didnt die is a(an) contradiction.(8) the relation between sentence a “ my radi

21、o needs fixing.” and sentence b “ i have a radio.”is that a presupposes b/ b is a prerequisite of a.pragmatics1. what is pragmatics? how does it differ from semantics?2. what is context?3. what is sentence meaning?4. what is utterance meaning?5. what is speech act theory?6. explain the meanings of l

22、ocutionary act, illocutionary act, and perlocutionary act through example?7. how are illocutionary acts classified?8. what is cooperative principle?9. what is conversational implicature?10. can you illustrate the violation of the maxiams of the cp through some examples?11. decide whether the followi

23、ng statements are true or false.f (1) a locutionary act is the act of expressing the speakers intention.f (2) inviting, suggesting, warning, ordering are instances of commissives.f (3) john austin found that natural language had its own logic and conclude cooperative principle.f (4) ys utterance vio

24、lates the maxim of manner. x: who was that you were with last night? y: did you know that you were wearing odd socks?second language acquisition1.theories of language acquisition2.which theory do you think is more convincing and reasonable? why?3.the critical period hypothesis (cph).4.contrastive an

25、alysis5.interlanguage6.error analysis7.comprehensible input hypothesisphonetics1. what is the phonic medium of human language?2. what does phonetics concern?3. how do the three branches of phonetics contribute to the study of speech sounds?4. what do speech organs include?5. how can the speech sound

26、s be recorded?6. what are broad transcription and narrow transcription? how are they manifested in ipa?7. how are consonants different from vowels?8. in which ways may consonants be classified? and how are they classified in each way?9. how do phoneticians classify vowels? and how are they classifie

27、d in each way?10. describe the 48 speech sounds of english.phonology1.to what extent is phonology related to phonetics and how do they differ?2.please use examples to explain the definitions of phones, phonemes and allophones.3. what do minimal pairs refer? use an example to illustrate this linguist

28、ic phenomenon.4. what is contrastive distribution? give an example to illustrate it.5. what is complementary distribution? give an example to illustrate it.6. what is free variation? give an example to illustrate it.7. are the phones in minimal pairs different phonemes?8. are the phones in contrasti

29、ve distribution different phonemes?9. are the phones in complementary distribution different phonemes?10.are the phones in free variation different phonemes?11. illustrate the sequential rule with an example.12. illustrate the assimilation rule with an example.13. illustrate the deletion rule with an example.14.what are suprasegmental features? how do the major supras