2011专升本大学英语ppt课件

1、;.试卷题型的基本介绍试卷题型的基本介绍1;.专题一：专题一：Grammar 2;.语法一语法一句子的基本结构句子的基本结构3;.句子的基本结构：主句子的基本结构：主+谓谓+(宾宾)。正常的句子都。正常的句子都 要有主语和谓语（省略句，感叹句，特别的强调语气除外，要有主语和谓语（省略句，感叹句，特别的强调语气除外，oh, my God!）I succeeded. 主主+谓谓 eg: I bought a book. 主主+谓谓+宾宾主语：所有名词性的：名词，代词，动名词，不定式，现在分词，名词性从句等。主语：所有名词性的：名词，代词，动名词，不定式，现在分词，名词性从句等。谓语：谓语动词谓语：

2、谓语动词 （非谓语动词不能单独做谓语）（非谓语动词不能单独做谓语）宾语：同主语。宾语：同主语。定语：前置定语定语：前置定语 （形容词，分词等），后置定语（分词，不定式，从句等）（形容词，分词等），后置定语（分词，不定式，从句等）状语：副词等状语：副词等注：一个句子里的成分不能随便排列，不能随便出现几个谓语动词。注：一个句子里的成分不能随便排列，不能随便出现几个谓语动词。4;.名词：单复数名词：单复数名词的数名词的数 集体名词：集体名词：family, committee不可数名词不可数名词: news, advice5;.主谓一致主谓一致1. 必须用单数谓语的：必须用单数谓语的：A. 距离，金

3、额，时间等距离，金额，时间等数词数词的时候，一般被看成整体，谓语用单数。的时候，一般被看成整体，谓语用单数。Three years has passed.B. 主语之前受到主语之前受到every, each, no, many a, 等修饰时，即使中间有等修饰时，即使中间有and连接，也要用连接，也要用单数。单数。Each boy and each girl wants to go.They each want to go.6;.7;.2. 必须用复数谓语的：必须用复数谓语的：A.形单意复形单意复：people, police, cattleB. 一类人一类人：the rich3. 根据具体情

4、况的根据具体情况的A. one of：自己句子中的谓语用单数，后紧跟定语从句中的谓语用复数（：自己句子中的谓语用单数，后紧跟定语从句中的谓语用复数（the only one of后面却要用单数）后面却要用单数）8;.B. 集体名词：集体名词：family; audience; class; committee 主要根据谓语动词，动词如果是主要根据谓语动词，动词如果是强调集体发出的动作，用单数，如果是强调每个人都参与的，就用复数，比如强调集体发出的动作，用单数，如果是强调每个人都参与的，就用复数，比如watch, discuss, argue.C . 单复数形同的要根据实际句子。单复数形同的要根

5、据实际句子。works(工厂，作品工厂，作品); means; species; deer; sheep; fishThe works was set up in 1990.Some sheep are grazing there.9;.D. 受到一些受到一些限定词限定词修饰时，要看限定词跟的是可数名词还是不可数，根据后面的单词：修饰时，要看限定词跟的是可数名词还是不可数，根据后面的单词：some; a lot of; plenty of; a large quantity of; the rest of; three-fifths of; a number of; E. 靠近原则：靠近原则：

6、 爱爱A爱爱B看看Beitheror (or); neither某某nor某某; not onlybut also; notbut; there be; Either the teacher or the students are excited.10;.F. 远离原则：除了还有远离原则：除了还有 A爱爱B看看Aas well as; along with; with; rather than; together with; but; except; besides; including; in addition to; 中间有没有逗号中间有没有逗号The teacher(,) as well

7、 as the students was excited. G. 由由量词量词修，看量词，包括重量单位修，看量词，包括重量单位a kind of; two kinds ofTen thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 11;.1. Not only my friend but also her husband _ coming this afternoon.a. are b. is c. were d. was2. News of victories _ pouring in.a. keep b. are c. keeps d. goes

8、3. The poet and writer _.a. are coming b. have come c. were coming d. has come4. Li Lei and Li Ming _ twin brothers.a. is b. are c. has d. gets12;.5. The cattle _ in the fields.a. are grazing b. grazes. c. is grazing d. likes to graze6. The family _ watching TV.a. is b. is being c. are d. are been 7

9、. Georges sisters, as well as his father, _ in New York a few days more.a. asks him to stay b. ask him to stay c. asks he stays d. ask he to stay8. The flock of sheep _ straying .a. is b. has been c. are d. had been13;.9. Many a man _ life is meaningless without a purpose.a. thinksb. think c. thinki

10、ng d. have thought.10. Our professor said five minutes _ enough.a. areb. be c. were d. was11. No one except two servants _ the dinner.a. were late for b. was late for c. were lately for d. was lately for 14;.15;.16;.1. In my opinion, hes _ imaginative of all the contemporary poets.a. quite the most

11、b. by far the mostc. very the most d. rather the most2. The _ we get away from the earth, the _ the air is.a. farthermore rare b. furthermore rare c. farrarer d. fartherrarer 17;.3. A home without love is _ a home _ a man without a soul. a. no morethan b. not morethan c. no moreas d. moreasno more t

12、han: 只不过，强调程度低not more than: 不比什么多，比较级没有爱的家只不过是没有灵魂的躯体。18;.4. The steak we ate yesterday is marvelous. Id like to have it again even if it costs _.a. as twice much b. as much twicec. much as twice d. twice as much5. The audience is _ at last years concert.a. much larger than b. much more than thatc.

13、 much larger than that d. large enough than 19;.语法四语法四谓语谓语20;.1. 谓语动词：时态，语态谓语动词：时态，语态现在分词，过去分词，单三现在分词，过去分词，单三do -is done be doing-is being donewill do-will be doneDid-was donehave done-have been donehad done-had been done21;.2. 非谓语动词：不能单独做谓语。非谓语动词：不能单独做谓语。doing 动名词动名词 doing 现在分词现在分词done 过去分词过去分词to d

14、o 不定式不定式to writeto be written; to be writing; to have writtenwriting: being written; having written; having been writtenwritten：就是：就是 writing 的过去分词的过去分词22;. 动词不定式动词不定式 一一 般般 进进 行行 完完 成成 完完 成成 进进 行行现现 在在 分分 词词 动动 名名 词词 一一 般般 完完 成成过过 去去 分分 词词 一一 般般23I. do/doing a. v + doing sth. b. v+ to do sth.c. v +

15、 sb. to do sth.d. v+ sb+ do sth.e. v+ to do sth/ doing sth区别区别II. 惯用法。惯用法。III. 分词，不定式的区别分词，不定式的区别IV. 独立主格结构独立主格结构24京浪教育5 avoid; admit; consider; deny; delay; enjoy; keep; risk; suggest; endure; forgive; preventfrom doing;afford; attempt; decide; expect; fail; hope; intend to; prefer; promise; refuse

16、; be ready to do; be eager to do; be determined to do; be willing to do; be likely to do; be anxious to dotoo ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意义表示肯定意义25京浪教育5 ask; expect; advise, allow, encourage, force, permit, persuade, urge, eg: have sb do sth have sth done （被动）（被动）remember; forget; regret; try;

17、stop; like; 26京浪教育5 II. 惯用法惯用法:1. its + adj + for sb to do sth.Its necessary for you to recite the words.2. its + adj (品质等品质等)+ of sb to do sthIts kind of you to help me.3. no good/ no use / no point in doing sthIts no use crying over spoilt milk.4. 表需要的词：表需要的词：need; want; require; deserve 后面的分词以主动表

18、被动后面的分词以主动表被动He deserved punishing. He deserved to be punished.27京浪教育5 5. 主；宾；表；形容词性的物主代词主；宾；表；形容词性的物主代词+VingHe dislikes his wifes working late.His not winning the award made him upset.6. 疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式 when to do, what to do7. 跟原型的几个：跟原型的几个：would rather do sth.would rather do sth. than sth.prefer to

19、 do sth. than do sth. Prefer doing to doinghad better do sth.why not do sth.注：动词自带的介词不能丢注：动词自带的介词不能丢Mary needs a friend to play with.28京浪教育5 8. except/but + to do sth 前面有前面有do或者或者do的其他形式时，的其他形式时，to 可以省略。可以省略。They couldnt help but wait for the next train to come.They had nothing to do but wait for th

20、e next train to come.9. had better do, would rather do(than) do, would do rather than do, would sooner do(than) do, cannot but do , can not help but do, prefer doing to doing = prefer to do rather than do, may/might as well do1) I would die of hunger rather than beg in the street.2) I prefer reading

21、 to playing games.= I prefer to read rather than play bridge. 29京浪教育5 ;.1. All we can do to help Jim is try _A_ that he ought to work more.a. to make him realize b. making him realizing c. to make him to realize c. making him realize 2. I regret _C_ hard at school.a. not have worked b. not to have w

22、orked c. not having worked d. having no worked3. The government officials explained that theres no point _C_ about the cultural gap in that city.a. to worry b. with them worrying c. in worrying d. if he worries 4. Do you know _C_ the repairs?a. to do b. to make c. how to do d. how to making30;.5. Mr

23、s. Ross bought a blue rug yesterday, but Mr. Ross _C_ bought the brown one.a. will rather have c. rather had c. would rather have d. would have rather 6. He would sooner/rather _C_ such dishonest business deals.a. to resign than to take part inb. resigning than to take inc. resign than take part ind

24、. to resigning than taking part in7. I preferred to type the letter _C_.a. to write it b. to writing it c. than write itd. rather than write 3132京浪教育5 ;.33;.2. 跟谓语动词区别使用。跟谓语动词区别使用。1. _A_ the window, I saw groups of foreigners passing by the house.a. Looking out of b. Looked out ofc. Having looked ou

25、t of d. Being looked out of 2. _A_ the distance was too long and the time was short, we decided not to drive to Floridaa. Discovering b. To discover c. To have discovered d. Discovered3. Did you enjoy yourself last night? Its very nice of you. I appreciated _D_ to the partya. to be invited b. to hav

26、e invited c. being invited d. having been invited4. _A_ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _ out of life.a. Seeing; frightened b. Seeing; frightening c. Seen; frightened d. To see; frightening34;.5. Its said that the Olympic Games _B_ in London in 2012 will cover more events than an

27、y other Olympics did. A. holding B. to be held C. held D. to be holding6. _A_ time and labor, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only 3 fingers and a thumb.A. To save B. Saved C. Saving D. Having saved7. _D_ what to do, he wrote to his lawyer for advice.a. Having known b.

28、Known c. Knowing d. Not knowing8. _D_ an answer for a long time, he wrote another letter to him.a. Having not got b. Not getting c. Not to get d. Not having got 35IV.独立主格结构：两个句子，一个是主语独立主格结构：两个句子，一个是主语+非谓语非谓语;一个是主语一个是主语+谓语。谓语。 逻辑主语的概念：分词不是谓语形式，所以它的主语就加上逻辑二字，逻辑主语的概念：分词不是谓语形式，所以它的主语就加上逻辑二字，其实其主语也就是句子中的

29、真正主语。其实其主语也就是句子中的真正主语。1. After the tall building had been attacked, it collapsed.2. The tall building had been attacked.3. The tall building collapsed.4. Having been attacked, the tall building collapsed.1. He was absent so the party was not enjoyable.2. He was absent. 3. The party was not enjoyable

30、.4. Being absent, the party was not enjoyable.5. He being absent, the party was not enjoyable.36京浪教育5 ;.1. If the weather permits, I will go.2. The weather permits.3. I will go.4. Permitting, I will go.5. The weather permitting, I will go.1. Although the light had been turned off, he couldnt fall as

31、leep.2. The light had been turned off.3. He couldnt fall asleep.4. Having been turned off, he couldnt fall asleep.5. The light having been turned off, he couldnt fall asleep.37;.1) The boy had ruined my hat. I had to get a new one.The boy having ruined my hat, I had to get a new one.2) The signal ha

32、d been given.We set off.The signal being given, we set off.3) There was no one to help me. I had to do it all alone.There being no one to help me, I had to do it all alone.38;.4) The door was locked.We could not enter the room. The door being locked, we could not enter the room.5) All his ribs were

33、broken. He lay half dead. All his ribs broken, he lay half dead.6）Time permits.well stay longer.Time permitting, well stay longer.39语法五语法五几种复合句几种复合句名词性从句（同位语从句，主语从句，表语从句）名词性从句（同位语从句，主语从句，表语从句）状语从句状语从句 定语从句定语从句40京浪教育5 ;.名词性从句名词性从句1.主语从句主语从句 1）形式主语。常见的句型有： *It is a facta pitya questiongood news that.

34、*It seemsappearshappenedhas turned out that. *It is clearimportantlikelypossible that. *It is saidreportedestimatedhas been proved that. eg. It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation. It seems that the performance is very useful. 41;.2)what引导的主语从句, 所。所说的，所

35、想的。=all that (that可以省略) What we lack is experience. All that we lack is experience.All we lack is experience.3) what, who, when, why, whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。 How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again. I did know why I felt like crying. 42;.2.宾语从句宾语从句 1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和

36、某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。except that(除了除了),but that(只是）已构成固只是）已构成固定搭配定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。 *I promised that I would change the situation. *All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship. *He is certain that watching so much television is not good for c

37、hildren. *This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long. 2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。 He has made it clear that he would not change his mind. 3)在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。 He didnt think that the money was well spent. 43;.3.

38、表语从句表语从句 表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that, what, when, why, whether, how等引导外，还可由because, as if (though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为如主句主语为reason,只能用只能用that引导表语从引导表语从句，不可用句，不可用because. Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America. The reason why so

39、many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies. It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller. 44;.4.同位语从句同位语从句 (可省掉可省掉)同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether, who, when, where, what, why, how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact, idea, b

40、elief, news, hope, conclusion, evidence, suggestion, order, problem, report, decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。 She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show. I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time. The news came that their team had won the championship. 45;.名词性从句总结名

41、词性从句总结1. what =all that=all (that可以省略) 所。What/ All that/ All we lack is experience. 2. except that(除了除了), but that (只是）已构成固定搭配只是）已构成固定搭配They look very similar except that one is a little taller.46;.名词性从句总结名词性从句总结3. 主语为主语为reason, 后面跟个后面跟个why的定语从句，最后再用的定语从句，最后再用that引导表语从句，不可用引导表语从句，不可用because. The rea

42、son why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.4. 同位语从句常见的先行词有fact, idea, belief等，等，一般用连词that引导, idea比较随性。The news came that their team had won the championship. 47;.时间状语从句时间状语从句1）when, whenever, while, as, after, before, since, till, until, once等。 We have learnt quite

43、 a lot about it since we came here. 2) as soon as, hardly (scarcely).when, no sooner.than, each (every) time, the moment 等。As soon as I sent an e-mail message, I received positive responses. The moment he heard the good news, he jumped with joy.48;.地点状语从句地点状语从句where, wherever Wherever she went, she

44、took her little daughter with her. 49;.原因、结果和目的状语从句1) 原因状语从句：because, as, since, now (that), seeing that, considering that, in that等。 This research is important in that it confirms the link between aggression and alcohol.2) 结果状语从句：so.that, such.that, so that, that, so等。 Mickey Mouse is so attractive

45、 that the children are reluctant to leave. 50;.3) 目的状语从句：so that, in order that, for fear that, lest等，从句常使用may, might, can, could, would等情态动词。 We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station. 51;.条件和让步状语从句条件和让步状语从句1）条件状语从句：if, unless, as (so) long as, on cond

46、ition that, in case, provided (providing) that, supposing等。 As long as you have the right equipment, you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data. 52;.2) 让步状语从句：though, although, whether, even though, even if, no matter what (when, how.),whatever (whenever, wherever, however.)等。 though, ev

47、en if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”。 Young as he is, he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young) Child as he is, he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child) 53;.方式状语从句 as, just as, as if, as though等。 as if, as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。 Th

48、e young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him. Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.54;.hardlywhen/no soonerthan/scarcelywhen （倒装句）（倒装句）so/suchthatnow that/ in thatbefore, until (强调句强调句), unless, if onlyso.that, such.thatfor fear that, lest, as (so) long as, on

49、 condition that, in case, provided (providing) that, supposing; given; considering; though 与与 as的倒装。的倒装。状语从句总结状语从句总结55;.1. Give me your telephone number _ I need your help.a. whether b. unless c. in case d. so that2. They set up many child care centers _ the working mothers dont have to worry about

50、their children.a. in order to b. for c. that d. so that3. _ we had not made any mistakes in the calculations!a. But for b. If only c. Lest d. Without4. I can scarcely remember what we ate at the dinner except _ it was plentiful and delicious.a. when b. that c. which d. as56;.5. All _ is a continuous

51、 supply of the basic necessities of life.a. what is needed b. for our needsc. the thing needed d. that is needed6. Would you please call me up later _ they decide to go camping?a. that b. for c. whether d. when7. _ born in China, the boy was brought up in the USA.a. Although b. Since c. As d. When 5

52、7;.8. The reason for my refusal is _ youre unreliable.a. because b. that c. due to d. for 9. We had conducted hundreds of experiments _ we finally achieved the desirable result. A. afterB. beforeC. since D. until10._ we have learned in school is beneficial to our future career. A. What B. That C. Al

53、l what D. Which58;. 5.定语从句定语从句 59;.关系代词关系代词人人物物主语主语who； thatwhichthatwhich 可用在非限制性的定语可用在非限制性的定语从句中从句中宾语宾语whomthatwhichthat定语定语whose关系副词关系副词时间时间地点地点原因原因状语状语when wherewhy区别先行词的区别先行词的成分成分介词介词+whichin/on/at等等+whichin/on/at等等+whichfor which60;.uThe computers which make our lives convenient are owned by m

54、any people. uThose who live alone may have trouble in getting close to other people. uThe girl whose parents (parents of whom) died in an accident is living with her grandmother. uThat is the very old woman_ house was burned down last night.ua. which b. her c. of which d. whose61;.Even in comic book

55、s where(=in which) there are no words, the stories are fully expressed through the drawings. No one knows the reason why (=for which) he was so angry that day. 2012 is the time _ we will enjoy. that/which2012 is the time _ we will enjoy ourselves. when/in whichThe Summer Place is the desirable place

56、 _ we long for. A. where B. in which C. that D. what62;.先行词是all, anything, everything, something, nothing等不定代词或有序数词first, last，最高级，the only等修饰时，只能用that。 That is all _ Ive heard from him. that Hes the first person _ Im going to interview this afternoon. thatThe only thing interests me is the progress

57、 of my students. A. whatB. that C. whichD. itthat的特殊用法的特殊用法63;.“介词介词+whichwhomwhose” 介词的选择取决于固定搭配介词的选择取决于固定搭配This is the computer _ which he spent all his savings. onIt is written by a person _ whom we are all familiar. withwhich的特殊用法的特殊用法64;.the same as suchasas we know/ as is known/reported, said/

58、 estimated. 可之前、可之前、之后或中间之后或中间 These are not such problems _ can be easily solved. a. that b. which c. as d. on which _ is mentioned above, no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.a. that b. which c. as d. on whichas 的特殊用法的特殊用法65;.同位语与定语从句的区别同位语与定语从句的区别1.We expressed the

59、hope that they had mentioned. 我们表达了他们所提到的希望。我们表达了他们所提到的希望。 缺宾语缺宾语 We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again. 后面完整，后面完整，所以是同位语所以是同位语我们表达希望，也就是他们再来访问中国的希望。我们表达希望，也就是他们再来访问中国的希望。 2.The news that he told me just now is true. 他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。News 是当是当he told me的直接宾语，所以是定语从

60、句。的直接宾语，所以是定语从句。The news that I have passed the exam is true.从句中的主谓宾完整。是同位语从句。解释消息的内容从句中的主谓宾完整。是同位语从句。解释消息的内容3.The advice that he gave was supported by us all. The advice that we go to see him at once was supported by us all.66关系词关系词主句是否主句是否完整完整从句充当的成分：从句充当的成分： 关系词充当的成分关系词充当的成分名词性从名词性从句句what等所有。等所有。