US Expansion 1783 to 1867 Marquette University High School 我们扩展1783至1867马凯特大学中学

1、us expansion 1783 to 1867filling our continental borders and beyondbritish colonization number of wars, treaties, and agreements with native americans from the early 1600s through the mid 1700s established the territory east of the appalachians as british controlled treaty of paris -1763 expelled th

2、e french proclamation line of 1763treaty of paris 1783 borders defined: canada to north, spanish florida to the south, mississippi river to the west people could legally populate territory west of appalachiansindian problem native americans occupy this land indian confederation formed (miami, shawne

3、e, and delaware) to halt american expansion american army in the west led by general “mad” anthony wayne battle of fallen timbers aug 20, 1794 maumee, ohio less than 100 die on both sides american victory british soldiers killed fighting with indians americans find british guns with the indian deadt

4、reaty of greenville - 1795 indians renounce claims to ohio territory cuyahoga river est. as western border tecumseh is there, refused to sign treaty set the stage for settlement in the nw territory, oh 1803, etctreaty of greenville, 1795pinckneys treaty 1795 between us and spain spain had control of

5、 miss. ri and closed it to american shipping in the 1780s, aggravating western farmers. under articles there was little america could do spain entered a war with britain in 1795 and saw jays treaty as the beginning of a british-american alliance spain did not want to create an enemy in the americas

6、settle border dispute between georgia and florida: us gains large tract of land right of deposit in new orleans and ability to trade on mississippi river set the stage for the adams onis treaty (florida purchase treaty)prelude to the louisiana purchase spain owned this territory in late 1700s 1801:

7、spain sold it to france napoleon removed the right of free deposit in new orleans western farmers are not happy jefferson sends representatives to france to negotiate the purchase of new orleanslouisiana purchase - 1803 napoleon was at war with britain slave revolt on santo domingo led by t.o. (tous

8、saint louverture) napoleon decided to focus efforts on europe, so he offers to sell united states 830,000 sq. miles for $15 million americans are stunned the american diplomats (robert livingston and james monroe) did not have authority to sign, but tentatively agreed upon approval. for $11 million

9、+ forgive $4 million in debteffects of the la. purchase almost doubles the size of the united states secured ability for united states expansion west gets france off our border set a precedent for future purchases boost the national confidencelewis and clark what the heck did we just buy? jefferson

10、commissioned meriwether lewis and william clark to lead an expedition west in 1804 from st. louis and collect information on the land make maps (topography mountains, rivers) collect flora and fauna information on people make a political statement to europe and nativesthe journey leave from st. loui

11、s in may, 1814 with 38 men followed the missouri river to mandan, north dakota where they camped for the winter headed west the next year to oregon and the pacific returned in 1806 with maps, drawings, and information on the peoples and wildlife of the arealewis & clark illustrationszebulon pike

12、 expedition 1805-1806 traveled from st. louis north to the headwaters of the mississippi river in minnesota 1806-1807 traveled west from st. louis into colorado. found pikes peak. then traveled south to santa fe collected information about this territorytreaty of ghent 1814 restores national pride a

13、nd confidence felt we beat the brits, again! other nations begin to have more confidence in the viability of the united states helps to establish bordersrush bagot agreement, 1817 canadians upset with treaty of ghent no assurances for them! wanted control of great lakes limited naval armaments on th

14、e great lakes one warship on lake ontario (one cannon) two warships on the upper lakes (one cannon) led to the removal of all fortifications by the 1870s longest unfortified boundary in the world 5,527 miles long! between british and americans border between canada and america is established along 4

15、9th parallel from lake of the woods, mn to rocky mountains ten year agreement to jointly control the oregon territoryadams onis treaty, 1819 jacksons invasion of florida spain upset united states refused to apologize spain should sell the territory if they could not control their borders. terms spai

16、n ceded florida and spanish claims to the oregon territory america let go of claims to the texas territory established border between american and spanish territory in the westmissouri compromise, 1820 missouri 1st la. purch territory to apply for statehood tallmadge amendment james tallmadge (ny re

17、p) tried to amend the bill established the 36* 30 line significance temporary fix to slave v. free territory question related to expansionmonroe doctrine, 1823 simply a declaration (in monroes state of the union) united states declared that the western hemisphere is closed to expansion provided prec

18、edent for us to expand westward. also was the backbone of imperialism and the roosevelt corollary russo-american agreement, 1824 question as to who laid claim to territory in the northwest. british, americans, or russians established the border between the oregon and alaskan territory at the 54* 40

19、line. russia controlled alaska russia relinquished claims to oregon territoryindian removal policy from 1830-1838, native americans are moved from their territory in the deep south to west of the mississippi river clears way for american settlement of prime cotton landwebster ashburton treaty, 1842

20、prior to this the maine/canadian border was not firmly established treaty of paris unclear led to skirmishing: the aroostook war between canadians and maine finally settled on the line separating the two countries which established northern border of maine additional language defined the borders in

21、minnesota continued to promote a peaceful relationship between the us and canadamanifest destinyamerica had slowly been expanding westas america entered the 1840s it was growing economically, industrially, technologically and america now had some swagger.people began to believe that america was thei

22、rs for the takingin 1845 john o sullivan (ny journalist) coin the phrase when he wrote, “the fulfillment of our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions”i.e. it is gods will for americans to expand westward and br

23、ing the bounty of their culture to the westgo west, young man! settlers followed specific trails west as to not lose their way the oregon trail headed northwest along the platte and snake rivers, took people to portland california trail went near san franciscodonner partyone ill-fated group of trave

24、lers decided to take a short cut on the california trail in 1846it set them back three weeks and by the time they reached the sierra nevada mountains, a snowstorm had blocked their passagethey set up camp and 15 volunteers went for helpthe 15 volunteers ran out of food and were forced to cannibalize

25、 one another to stay alive. seven of the 15 made it to the western side of the mountainsa search party found the many of the donner party at their camp, weak, but aliveannexation of texas, 1845 texas won independence from mexico, 1836 slavery issue prevented it from being admitted as a state electio

26、n of 1844 texas is a major issue, polk wins on expansion policy lame duck president john tyler signed a joint resolution of congress to invite texas to become part of the unionannexation of texas, 1845buchanan pakenham treaty 1846 also known as treaty of 1846 oregon territory jointly held by british

27、 and americans british and americans negotiate for this territory. polk utters the “54* 40 or fight” ultimatum neither side wanted a conflict the british were too far away the americans were engaged in a war with mexico compromise led to the border being established at the 49th parallel becomes wash

28、ington, oregon, idaho and parts of montanatreaty of guadalupe hidalgo, 1848 ends the mexican-american war established border between mexico and america along the rio grande america gains 1.2 million sq. miles of territory including california, new mexico, arizona, nevada, and utahland acquisition, 1

29、845-1848compromise of 1850 henry clay 1849 gold rush california applied for statehood as a free state south is not happy multiple provisions: california free no slave trade in d.c. (slavery could still exist in d.c. popular sovereignty in nm and ut territories effectively free territories? fugitive

30、slave law strengthenedgadsden purchase, 1852in 1839, james gadsden was president of the south carolina railroadhe wanted to create a transcontinental railroad to make west commercially dependent on the south rather than the northbest route was to avoid the rocky mountains, which dipped slightly into

31、 mexican territoryafter pulling some strings, president franklin pierce appointed gadsden as united states minister to mexicogadsden and mexican president santa anna negotiate for this territorysanta anna needed moneyalso, he no longer wanted to deal with the hostile indians who lived in this territorythey agreed that the us would pay $10 million for a strip of territory south of the gila rive