最新英语语法动词的时态、语态PPT课件.

1、v动词的时态、语态考点荟萃v 动词的时态和语态一直是必考点。主要考查考生在特定语境下对时态和语态的理解，其中现在完成时、一般过去时、过去完成时的运用出现得最为频繁。此外，为了增加试题的区分度，命题者还常常把动词的时态和语态以及主谓一致结合在一起考查。v 在解题时要注意以下几个问题：v 1这个动作可能发生在什么时间？题干中可参照的时间信息有哪些？v 2这个动作处于什么状态？是进行中，还是已结束(完成)？限制或修饰这个动作的状语信息有哪些？v 3这个动作与主语的关系，是主动还是被动？v 只要全面细致地考虑了这些问题，试题的答案也就水落石出了。一般现在时1.主要表示现在的特征、状态、经常性动作或真理

2、，客观事实等。he goes to school every day.his home is in shanghai, but he stays in beijing at the moment.2.用在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，表示将来。i will call you as soon as i get there.3.少数表示动作起止的动词有时也可用一般现在时代替一般将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。the meeting begins at seven.v 4. 书报的标题，故事小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时v the scene changes back to the p

3、ark.v 5.表示状态或感觉的动词，如belive,love,feel,guess,hope等v she loves music and dance.v 6. 一般现在时和现在进行时的区别v 一般现在时常有经常，长久之意；而现在进行时表示说话时的暂时动作。v we go to work by car.v he is walking to wark for his car is being repaired.v 7.表示具有持续性的现在发生行为（多为状态动词）v i agree with you completely.v 8.表示与说话时间几乎同事发生或完成的短暂行为（多为表示短暂动作的动词）

4、，一般用于体育实况报道等v first i put the butter into a plan, and then i break two eggs into a bowl.v 9.表示过去发生的事情，以加强叙述的生动。 v he rushes into the buring house,picks up the boy.一般将来时v 3.用表示位移的动词的进行时表示将来。如：coming, leaving, returning, going, starting, opening, arriving等v he is leaving on the new york flight.v 4. be

5、 about to do sth. 表示马上其后不再接时间v we are about to leave, so there is no time to visit her.v 5. be to do sth. 表示预先的计划和说话者的意志和命令。v 星期六要举行运动会。v there is to be a sports meet on saturday.v 我们准备在学校大门口见面。v we are to meet at the school gate.一般将来时v 6. 表示“往来、出发、到达”等动词，可用一般现在时表将来。v the bus leaves at 5:30.v when d

6、o you start on the tour.现在进行时v 1. 主要表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。v 安静点，我正在接电话！v be quite.im answering the phone.v he is visiting sydney this week.v 2. 现在进行时可以表示“按计划安排将要发生的动作”v my father is coming to see me next week.v 注意：smell,taste,sound,feel, look等系动词没有现在进行时。v the meat smells/tastes good! arrive,come,go,leave等

7、瞬间动词常用现在进行时表示将来！过去进行时v 1.过去进行时主要表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或持续进行的动作。v he was reading while she was setting the table.v 2.与always, continually, frequently等词连用，表示过去经常发生的动作，具有浓厚的感情色彩。v the old man was always telling that old story.v 3.表示过去打算实现，但未实现的动作v i was coming, but i missed the last bus.v 不用进行时的动词有：v 1.

8、表示状态的词：be, stay, remain, exist, belong tov 2.表示心理的词：remember, know, believe, understand, please, like, agree, wish, hope, appreciate, recognize, care, hate, love, fear v 3.大多非延续性动词无进行时：accept, allow, decide, give, refuse, endv 4. 感官动词一般不用进行时：see, look, hear, notice, smell, feel现在完成时v 现在完成时由“have+过去分

9、词”构成。v 1. 现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已经完成，而对现在有影响，句中没有具体的时间状语。v he has gone to fuzhou.v he has been to fuzhou.v 2.现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会继续持续下去。常用for+一段时间，since+时间点，in the past+时间段。v he has studied english for 5 years.v he has studied english since 1990.v he has studied english in the past 5 years.现在完成时v 3

10、. 句中有already, yet, just, never, ever等状语时，谓语常用现在完成时。v they have already finished their work.v she has just arrived here.v 4.注意：短暂动词不与带有for, since等表示一段时间的现在完成时连用。v his father has died for 8 years.(错)v his father has been died for 8 years.(对)v his father died 8 years ago.(对)v 5.在it is the first/ second

11、 time that句型中，that从句的谓语动词用现在完成时。it is the first time that i have been here. 过去完成时v 过去完成时表示过去动作发生之前已经完成的动作。只有在与过去时间相比较时，才能使用过去完成时。v 1、过去完成时+before/when/by the time+一般过去时v when we got there, the plane had already left.v the plane had already left before we got there.v 2.一般过去时+after/until+过去完成时v they w

12、ent simming after they had finished their homework.v 3.hope, plan, mean, expect, suppose, think 等动词有时用过去完成时表示本打算做而实际没有实现的事。v i had hoped to help you, but i couldnt get there in time.v 二、几种易混时态的辨析v 1一般现在时与现在进行时v 一般现在时表示经常性的、习惯性的或状态性的行为。 而现在进行时则具有进行性、未完成性和暂时性的特点。如：v on the wall hangs a picture painted

13、 by qi baishi. v this is not my coat. mine is hanging behind the door. vv 如：v 2010重庆卷 the palace caught fire three times in the last century，and little of the original building _ now.v aremainsv bis remainedv cis remainingv dhas been remainedv 【解析】 a考查动词用法及时态。remain作不及物动词用，表示“剩下，仍有”，只能用于主动语态，不可直接跟宾语

14、。结合语境应用一般现在时表示现状。v 2一般过去时和现在完成时v 一般过去时所表达的事件与现在无关。而现在完成时则强调对现在的影响和结果。如：v i stayed in beijing for five days. then i went to america. (i am not in beijing now. )v i have stayed in beijing for five days and havent decided where to go next. (i am still in beijing now and dont know where to go next.)v 20

15、10北京卷 im sorry，but i dont quite follow you. did you say you wanted to return on september 20?v sorry，i _myself clear. we want to return on october 20.v ahadnt made v bwouldnt makev cdont make v dhavent madev 【解析】 d本题考查时态和情景交际。答句句意为：抱歉，我还没有把我的意思表达明白，强调对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时态。v 3一般过去时和过去进行时v 一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作或

16、过去存在的状态。过去进行时则表示在过去某个时间点或时间段正在做某事。进行时具有进行性、未完成性和暂时性的特点。v 如：v i read a book last month. (书已经在过去某个时间点读完)v i was reading a book last month. (书未读完)v has sam finished his homework today?v i have no idea. he _it this morning. v adid bhas donev cwas doing dhad donev 【解析】 c此题容易误选a。根据i have no idea这一关键信息可知，说

17、话者对是否完成并不知道，因此用进行时，表示今天上午在做。v 4一般过去时和过去完成时v 判断是不是过去完成时应先从时间轴上找到表示“过去”的时间点或动作，然后判断在这个时间点或动作之前还有没有另一个动作，并且判断该句是否强调发生在前。vvv the moment i got home, i found i had left my jacket on the playground.v 三、被动语态v 动词的语态反映主语与谓语动词之间的一种关系。动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。当句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时，谓语动词用主动语态；当句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者时，谓语

18、动词用被动语态。在主动语态中，句子通过谓语动词的不同形式体现出不同的时态形式；被动语态由“助动词be 过去分词”构成，不同的时态通过 be 的不同形式体现。其被动语态构成方法与普通的及物动词的被动语态的构成方法相同。v 12010上海卷 the church tower which_will be open to tourists soon. the work is almost finished. v ahas restored v bhas been restoredv cis restoring v dis being restoredv 【解析】 d本题考查被动语态。restore意为

19、“修复”，而最后一句表明工程还未完成，因此为正在修复中，选d。实战演练v 22009北京卷 john was given the same suitcase his father and grandfather_ with them to school. v atook bhad takenv cwere taking dwould takev 【答案】 bv 32009辽宁卷 excuse me, marcia, a reporter from vanity fair_ all day. could you speak to her now? v aphones bhas phonedv c

20、has been phoning dphonedv 【解析】 c考查现在完成进行时。由all day可以看出一直在打电话，此时仍然在打，过去发生的动作持续到现在并仍在进行，选c。v 42009天津卷 my parents _ in hong kong. they were born there and have never lived anywhere else. v alive blived cwere living dwill livev 【解析】 a考查时态。后句意思为：他们出生在香港，从来没有在别的地方住过。由此可知前句“一直在香港住”，时态用一般现在时，说明事实，选a。vv 5200

21、9江苏卷 ann is in hospital. voh, really? i _know. i _go and visit her. vadidnt; am going to vbdont; wouldvcdont; will vddidnt; willv【解析】 d由答语中的“oh, really？”可以看出，“我”是刚刚知道的，所以用i didnt know表示现在之前不知道。a项中的am going to表示“说话时早有的打算”，而d项中的will则表示“说话时临时的打算”。v 62009上海卷 during the period of recent terrorist activit

22、ies, people _not to touch any unattended bag.v ahad always been warnedv bwere always being warnedv care always warningv dalways warnedv 【解析】 b根据时间状语可知是指过去，be always doing sth.表示“一种感情色彩”，并且人们与警告之间是被动的关系，选b。v 72010全国卷 linda，make sure the tables _ before the guests arrive. v abe set bsetv care set dare settingv 【解析】 c考查动词时态语态。make sure意为“确信，确保”，set tables意为“摆放桌子”，结合语境应用被动形式。v 82010全国卷 excuse me. i_ i was blocking your way. v adidnt realize v bdont realizev chavent re