采矿工程专业英语词汇册上传

1、采矿工程专业英语词汇手册（Glossary of Special English in Mining Engineering ）采矿工程专业内部讲义二零零七年三月ContentChapter 3 .1 Mining method.2Chapter 3.2 Mine preplanning.3Chapter3.3 Mine development.4Chapter 4.1 Wall mining introduction5Chapter 4.2 Ground control aspects . 6Chapter 4.3 Roof support system .7Chapter 4.4 Long

2、wall coal-getting machine8Chapter 4.5 Convey system.8Chapter 4.6 Mine Vetilation.10Chapter 5 Pillaring system.11Chapter 6 Roadway excavation and support.12Chapter 7 Novel methods of mining.16Chapter 3 .1 Mining methodmining method 采矿方法；mining operation 采矿作业； transportation 运输；ventilation 通风；ground c

3、ontrol 顶板管理；the cost of per ton of coal 吨煤成本；recovery 回采率；subside v. àsubsidence n.地表沉陷；subsidence control 地表沉陷控制cover 覆盖层；overburden 上覆地层；immediate roof 直接顶；floor 底板；dip （Pitch） 倾角；hardness 硬度；strength 强度；cleavage 解理； gas，methane 瓦斯daily operation 日常工作single operation 单一工序 unit operation 单元作业a

4、uxiliary operation辅助作业cutting n. 切割，掏槽；blasting n. 爆破loading n. 装煤haul v. 运输，搬运drainage n.排水power n. 动力 power Supply 动力供应communication n. 通讯lighting n.照明。disruption in production 停产；reduction in production 减产；compromise 折衷room and pillar 房柱式by far 到目前为止in common with 和一样underground mining 井工开采outcro

5、p 露头，露出地面的岩层；crosscut 联络巷、石门；drift 平硐；entry 平巷；development stage 开拓阶段；production stage 生产阶段；face 工作面。continuous miner 连续采煤机；haulage capacity 运输能力；main entry 主巷。barrier pillar 隔离煤柱；butt entry 区段平巷；property line 矿井边界线。shearer 滚筒采煤机planer，Plow 刨煤机surface mining 露天开采auger mining 螺旋钻开采rapid excavation 快速

6、掘进 hydraulic mining 水力采矿underground gasification 地下气化 ocean mining 海洋采矿Chapter 3 .2 Mine PreplanningHercules【希、罗神】赫尔克里斯, 大力神-> Herculean, adj. 力气极大的；需要大力气的。herculean effort 巨大的努力inadequacy n.不足，缺乏。transportation facility 运输设备inflationary adj. 通货膨胀的,通货膨胀引起的<-inflation n.胀大, 通货膨胀, (物价)暴涨<-inf

7、late v 膨胀，充气。inflationary process 通货膨胀过程drive up 抬高，提高 drive into 掘进到be faced with 面临monumental adj. 用以加强语气非常的, 极端的<-monument n.纪念碑coal reserve 煤炭储量electromechanical adj. 机电的 ß electro(电子的)+mechanical(机械的)electromechanical mine operation 矿井机电作业staff v. 雇用，聘用season v 适用，适应coordinate n. 坐标。v.

8、（使）互相配合，（使）协调， 调整。a multitude（n. 多数，多量） of 大量capital investment 基本建设投资。foremost 最主要的，最重要的，1Billion = 1，000，000，000 即10亿。Mt metric ton 公吨。453.5Mt = 500 million tonsè 0.907Mt = 1 million tonput into operation 投产，投入使用raise 筹集the life of the property 矿产/井的使用年限。commercial value 市场价值，商业价值。for conveni

9、ence 为了方便其见minability 可采性marketability 适销性，可销性coal reserve 煤矿nominal，名义上的,极小的。option 买卖选择权,优先购买权enter upon 开始preliminary examination 初步调查operating mine 生产矿井to the extent that 达到这种程度以致. ；就.来说；在.方面来说；adjacent to 邻近的surface topography 地面地形，表面地形coalfield 煤田measure 层组coal-bearing measure含煤地层feature 特征；地貌

10、。structural feature 构造特征surface improvement 地面上的改造tilled area 耕地reservoir 水库power line 电力线，输电线reservation n.保留地；自然保护区on record n.留有记录的,记录在案的preferred 优先 选用的，首选的traverse 导线。traverse with compass 罗盘定位。system surveying 系统测量sampling 采样have a bearing on 对有影响，与.有关available 有效的，可用的pricing schedule 定价方案prep

11、aration treatment 洗选加工selective adj.有选择性的,选择的a master plan of operation 总体生产计划。serve as 用作，作为，起到作用。basis 基础，根据，依据since 引导原因状语从句justify 调整，证明，证明是正确的，prospecting 勘探drilling pattern 钻孔布置，钻孔图式basic map 底图，基本地图log sheet 钻孔柱状图tabular adj. <=tabletabular record 表格记录operating management经营管理部门，经营管理life ex

12、pectancy 预期使用年限，使用寿命delivery of supplies 材料供应estimate of the cost 成本估计sales department 销售部门Chapter 3.3 Mine developmentportal 井筒expected life of the mine 矿井的设计使用年限rail haulage 轨道运输as well as 即又be of n. 具有（性质）drift 平硐shaft 立井，竖井slope 斜井main shaft主立井auxiliary shaft 副立井air shaft风井transfer house 中转煤仓hea

13、dframe 井架hoist house 提升机房，绞车房skip 箕斗cage 罐笼car dump 卸煤设备storage bin 井底煤仓deplete 耗尽、衰竭whetheror是还是pressure drop 压降net effect 净效应，有效效应，实际结果capital cost 基建费用Chapter 4.1 Walling system introductionworking face 工作面coalface：采煤工作面interconnection：切眼panel entry：区段平巷gate entry：工作面顺槽head gate：区段皮带巷，运输巷tail gat

14、e：区段轨道巷，回风巷headentry：工作面运输巷（下顺槽）tailentry：工作面回风巷（上顺槽）bleeder entry：区段回风巷cross-cut：联络巷gob, goaf：采空区end：端头Longwall mining 长壁采矿法Shortwall mining 短壁采矿法pillar system. 柱式系统longwall mining on strike 走向长壁采煤方法mining in advance / wall advancing mining 前进式采煤方法mining in retreat / wall retreating mining 后退式采煤方法i

15、nclined longwall mining 倾斜长壁开采underhand mining 俯采overhand mining 仰采Coal mining machine, coal-getting machine 采煤机； Shearer，滚筒采煤机 Plow，planer 刨煤机Face conveyor 工作面运输机 Pan line,”溜子” Chain conveyor 链式运输机 Scraper chain conveyor 刮板输送机 Armored chain conveyor 铠装运输机Roof support system：顶板支护系统 Friction props：摩擦

16、支柱 Friction metal props：摩擦支柱 Hydraulic prop：液压支柱 Single/Individual hydraulic prop 单体液压支柱Hydraulic powered self-advanced support：液压自移式支架roof support 顶板支架stage loader：转载机panel belt conveyor 区段皮带运输机electrical control 电力控制装置/设备hydraulic pump 液压泵站blast mining technology 爆破采煤工艺conventionally mechanized mi

17、ning technology 普通机械化采煤fully mechanized mining technology 综合机械化采煤fully mechanized mining with sublevel caving technology 综采放顶煤方法Chapter 4.2 Ground control 工作面周围地层：Overlying strata 上覆地层：Main roof 老顶，基本顶Immediate roof 直接顶Gob采空区-Facerib（煤壁）Floor 底板Underlying strata下伏地层Ground control顶板处理方式：（1）Caving；（2）

18、Pack。Stable 切口，机窝dead work 准备工作，非生产性工作。Mobile belt conveyor 可移式胶带运输机No exception 无一例外regular maintenance n.日常修理,定期检修Downtime 停工期(由于损坏、修理等原因造成的停机时间),停工时间,停机时间Clearance 空隙Immediate area of the face：工作面的直接区域Rib line 煤壁线，腰线heading 掘进头，平巷up to dip 沿倾斜上行Compression strength 压缩强度Underlying strata 下伏地层bed s

19、eparation 离层On strike 沿走向Rad radian，弧度Cleat 解理Hold true 有效，适用Half butt cutting 半垂直切割Angle of attack 冲角virgin conditions 原始条件；Harder roof strataSofter coal seamuniformly distributed stress，the overburden weightHarder floor stratainduced by mining 采动引起的Stress distribution 应力分布Deflect 偏斜，偏转，挠曲，下垂Cave i

20、n 冒顶，垮落Front abutment pressure 前方支承压力Side abutment pressure 侧向支承压力Rear abutment pressure 后方支承压力前方支承压力：分布范围：150m first felt/occur出现，有反应，有感应；4560m pick up slightly略有增长，略有加速；1521m increase rapidly迅速增长；1.5-5m支承压力峰值 peak abutment pressuremagnitude of the peak abutment pressure峰值大小：1.5-5 overburdern weigh

21、t后方压力：vertical pressureface area：far below the cover loadgob area：gradually increaseat last：the cover load范围：0.3-0.4 the overburden thickness.No abutment pressureSide abutmentFirst felt：At the same time as the front abutment pressure范围：from the rib to 1/3 or 1/4 hlargest at the ribside, decrease exp

22、onentially with distance from ribposition of peak pressure：0.015h Magnitude depend on the thickness and length of the immediate roof hanging in the gob.Gob area 采空区 稳定-àslip, sag, separate-àcave inFace area 工作面区 Support the immediate roofSolid coal 实体煤Chapter 4 .3 Roof support systemFace-t

23、o-gob distance 控顶距，工作面到采空区的距离。Yield pressure 屈服压力support resistance 支架阻力Face-to-tip distance 端面距Precut 预切割Frames 节式支架Stroke 行程Chock support 垛式支架Double-acting ram 双作用千斤顶 Web cut 截深Shields 掩护式支架Double link 双键Lemniscate 双纽线，四联杆Roof canopy 顶梁Chock-Shield支撑掩护式支架leg，prop 立柱 canopy 顶梁 forward canopy 前梁 rea

24、r canopy 尾梁 caving shield 掩护梁 flipper，spauling shield 护帮板 slider, jack board 插板 ram ，cylinder，jack 千斤顶 hose 油管 emulsion 乳化液 valve 阀 support yielding 支架卸载 Chapter 4.4 Longwall coal-getting machineminer，mining machine 采煤机 continuous miner 连续采煤机 shearer 滚筒采煤机 motor 电动机、马达 electric motor 电机 haulage gear

25、case 牵引部 gearhead 传动部 cutter drum gearcase 滚筒截割部 bedplate 底盘、底座 control unit 控制装置 chain 链条 reducing gear box 减速箱 pillboard 挡煤板 cowl 挡煤板 bit 截齿 drum 滚筒 ranging-arm 摇臂 gear 齿轮 track 轨道 gear track 齿轨 gearcase n.齿轮箱Rotor 转子Chapter 4.5 Conveying systemflexible flight conveyor / face chain conveyor 工作面可弯曲

26、刮板输送机 main components 主要部件drive head机头部 electric motor电动机 Hydraulic coupling液力联轴器speed reducer减速器 chain wheel / sprocket链轮 drive head frame机头架 middle sections中间部 line pan溜槽 flight / scraper刮板 link chain刮板链 endless chain无极链 机尾部 tail end机尾架 Drive end frame链轮 sprocket附属装置 auxiliary drives/units挡煤板 spil

27、lboard / spill plate (cowl 罩，外壳)铲煤板 ramp plate千斤顶 jackchain drive链式传动： classification according to chain arrangement双边链 double strand outboard chain三链 triple strand chain单中链 single middle chain双中链 double middle chain新型刮板输送机侧卸式 side-loading fight conveyor垂直转弯式 roller-curve fight conveyor转载机Transfer c

28、onveyorA short heavy flexible flight conveyor桥式转载机 （bridge ） stage loader区段皮带输送机Main components 皮带 belt托辊 roller 支撑托辊 supporting roller机架 frame传动装置 drive unit电动机 electric motor联轴器 coupling减速器 speed reducer滚筒 drum 卸载滚筒 unloaded drum 机尾导向滚筒 tail guide drum 拉紧滚筒 take-up drum 机尾导向滚筒guide drum拉紧装置 take-u

29、p units制动装置Braking devices采区运输系统：上山 rise 下山 dipDip angle 15° belt conveyor15°Dip angle25° chain conveyorDip angle25° ceramic conveyor水平运输系统水平运输大巷 horizontal haulage entrybelt conveyor矿车 trolley wagons机车 locomotive电力机车 trolley locomotive 蓄电池机车 battery locomotive矿车 wagon固定箱式矿车Fixed

30、 box wagonTipping bucket wagonFront unloading wagon 底卸式矿车Bottom-dump wagon立井提升系统 矿井提升系统Mine hoist system提升机Engine hoist 钢丝绳 wire rope天轮 head sheave（n.滑轮）箕斗 skip辅助运输 auxiliary transportationTransportation of material, equipment, waste and personnel 材料、设备、矸石、人员副井Auxiliary shaftSimilar to main shaft罐笼C

31、agehoist container斜井Slope In the slope, material and equipment are usually transported by direct rope hoist and endless rope hoist. While the waste is transported by skip and train according to the dip angle. The personnel are transported by a special man-car in the slope.水平运输大巷 horizontal haulage e

32、ntryElectric locomotive haul the wagons to transport material, equipment, waste.Electric locomotive haul the special man-cars to transport miners.采区上下山 district rise and dip 1）有极绳提升Direct rope hoist dip angle：8-22钢丝绳的一端与矿车相连，通过绞车（winch）放出和收回。2）无极绳提升Endless rope hoist dip angle：10区段运输Tail entry：wagon

33、s wire ropeOverhead monorail 单轨吊 Overhead endless rope hoistTransfer conveyor 转载运输机Stage loader 桥式转载机Roller curve conveyor 滚轴转弯运输机Chapter 4.6 Ventilation system风机：Ventilation fan回风井：Return shaft进风井：Intake shaftWorking faceIntake working回风巷道：Return roadway新鲜风：Fresh airAir flow乏风：Dirty air回风系统：抽出式通风：E

34、xhaust ventilation负压 negative pressure压入式通风：Forced ventilation正压 Positive pressure风机类型：离心式风机：Centrifugal fan；轴流式风机：Axial flow fan。通风设施：Ventilating structures风墙：Ventilation wall风门：Air door风桥：Air bridgeAir regulator防尘、灭尘：Dust suppressionwater spray 洒水，mist spray 喷雾固定滚筒双向截割采煤机 fixed-drum bi-directional

35、 shearer单滚筒可调高采煤机 single-drum ranging-arm shearer双滚筒可调高采煤机 double-dram ranging-arm shearer矿井瓦斯：mine gas瓦斯：gas，methane，firedampAll hazardous gases in underground coal mines, its major component is CH4.Colorless, odorless, nonpoisonous, Combustible.Its density is less than that of the air, so it often

36、 accumulates near the roof.Gas/methane control瓦斯控制Gassy mine 高瓦斯矿井Chapter 5 Pillar systemTwo distinct phases of operation：First rooms and pillars are developed in a section.The second is mining pillars.Two basic mining methods:Conventional mining method.普通采煤方法Cutting 掏槽 at the bottom of the coal sea

37、m a horizontal slot is 6-9 inch, 5-7feet deepDrilling 钻眼 the optimum number and location of boreholes coal fragments after blasting neither too big nor too small for efficient loading.Blasting 爆破 explosives are loaded into each borehole and detonated n.起爆Loading 装煤 shuttle caràsection belt conv

38、eyor. Two shuttle cars are used.roof bolting 顶板锚杆支护为了充分发挥设备和人员的能力，至少同时掘进5个平行的巷道。由于生产环节多、分散，逐渐被连续采煤方法取代。Continuous mining method.连续采煤方法I continuous miner shuttle car 连续采煤机梭车工艺 section belt conveyor roof bolting 间断运输工艺II continuous miner (intermediate) conveyors 连续采煤机输送机工艺 section belt conveyor roof b

39、olting连续的运输工艺Pillar recovery 回收煤柱There are three methods of extracting pillars, open-end method, pocket and wing method and splitting method.open-end method 开端式pocket and wing method 袋翼式splitting 劈柱式pillaràblocksàlifts/slices 煤柱块切块Coal property 煤矿Area 盘区Set of entries 巷道群Engineer vt.设计Slou

40、gh 脱落，剥落，碎落；崩落，坍塌，滑坍Crush 压碎A function of 是的函数，随而变。Relative strength 相对强度Clearance 净空Block of coalRoom workCutting consequence 切割顺序Face mining cycle 工作面开采循环Mining practice 开采Colloquial kE5lEukwiEl adj.口语的, 通俗的Dictate 规定，制定Outline 形成轮廓Incorporate as Ample 充足的，丰富的solid workchain pillar 巷道煤柱lessen 减少，减

41、轻lift 小煤块、slice 切块physical condition n.实际条件post 柱子，支柱stump 煤柱slab 平板fender 煤柱，窄煤柱hand loading 人工装载common practice 惯例concurrently n.同时发生地,并行地in place 就地，原地；在地层内ride over 骑马来，跨在上masonry n.砖石工程,砖石建筑 砌筑。Masonry stopping 砌筑风墙Canvas stopping 帆布风帘Line Brattice 纵向风障Loading station 装车点Chapter 6 Roadway excav

42、ation and support1 Roadway section巷道断面掘进 drive, tunnel, excavate平巷掘进Drifting 巷道掘进 roadway excavation平巷掘进 n. drifting沉井，凿井 n. sinking上山掘进 n. raising下山掘进 n. 1）The shape of roadway section断面形状巷道断面形状主要取决于地层条件、服务年限和支护材料。The shape of roadway section depends mainly on strata conditions，the serving life and

43、 supporting materials.井筒Shaft , circular大巷Main entry , arched, horseshoe 上山 rise, ladder-shaped, trapezoidal顺槽Gateway , ladder-shaped, trapezoidal2）The size of roadway section断面尺寸巷道断面尺寸主要取决于巷道的用途。The size of roadway section depends mainly on its use.它取决于运输或提升设备或其它设备的尺寸，还要根据通风要求对巷道断面尺寸加以修改。It is depe

44、ndent on haulage or hoisting equipment or other devices used，and it is modified according to the ventilation requirement.净宽，net width；净高 net height；净断面面积 net section area。2 Roadway excavation in rocks岩巷掘进炮掘，爆破掘进：blasting excavation装岩，除渣：mucking掘进工艺包括主要作业和辅助作业，其中主要作业包括破岩、装岩、运输、支护，辅助作业包括通风、铺设轨道、挖掘排水沟、

45、铺设管线等等。The excavation technique consists of main operations including breaking, loading, haulage and support, and auxiliary work including ventilation, laying the track, digging ditches and laying pipes etc.1）Breaking 破岩打眼放炮是目前应用最广泛的破岩方法。Drilling and blasting is the most widely used method of rock b

46、reaking at present.（1）drillingDrill n. 钻机气动轻型钻机，风钻Air-jackleg 气腿式钻机Air-jack leg drill 架式钻机Drifter 钻车，凿岩台车 Jumbo, drill carriage湿式钻进 Wet drilling干式钻进 Dry drilling钻孔 borehole（2）Blasting 爆破炸药：Explosive装药：Load explosive in the borehole, charge起爆：detonateà雷管：detonator；电雷管：electric detonator炮眼布置方式：dr

47、illing pattern掏槽眼：cut hole辅助眼：auxiliary hole周边眼：trim hole顶眼：roof hole 帮眼：flank hole底眼：Bottom hole起爆顺序：firing sequenceCutàauxiliaryàroof & flankàbottomThe type of explosive used, rock properties, and method of loading and sequence of firing the holes, affect hole depth, diameter, a

48、lignment and spacing. 采用的炸药的类型、岩石的特性、装岩方法、各个钻孔的起爆顺序，这些都影响着钻孔深度、直径、排列和间距的确定。A blast round consists of cut, relief, breast, and trim holes.一个爆破炮眼组包括掏槽眼、辅助眼、压眼和边界眼。2）Excavation face ventilation 掘进面通风Fan 风机Air pipe 风筒3）loading and haulage 装岩和运输铲斗装岩机Shovel mucker 耙斗装岩机Scraper mucker 机车矿车Locomotive wagons

49、4）support 支护3 Roadway excavation in coals煤巷掘进1）conventional excavation of coal drift 传统的煤层平巷掘进法Breaking is by means of drilling and blasting.手持式电钻：handheld electric drillloading:hand loading 人工装煤scraper mucker：耙斗装煤机coal loader：装煤机扒抓，蟹抓2 gathering-arms刮板输送机：1 scraper conveyor2）综掘 fully mechanized exc

50、avation（1）gateway machine 平巷掘进机组成：掘进头，（boom） cutterhead，cutting head装煤装置：loading mechanism扒抓，蟹抓gathering-arm刮板输送机：scraper conveyorhaulage：皮带输送机：belt stage-loader mechanism履带行走装置：crawler travel mechanism支撑千斤顶：supporting cylinders，用来固定机器other cylinders，control cutterhead 液控箱hydraulic control box操作：操作时

51、，首先驱动履带行走装置，使得切削头碰到煤壁；然后，伸长导向千斤顶和后部千斤顶，支撑到巷道上；这样就固定住了掘进机。然后，切割头在掘进面底部的一侧钻入煤壁。操作水平摆动千斤顶，使切割头割到底部的另外一侧，这就在掘进面底部完成了一刀作业。操作升降千斤顶，使切割头向上割一定距离（切割头的直径），然后用相同的方法再割第二刀。执行这个循环作业，直到割完整个断面。平巷掘进机可以掘出任何形状和尺寸的断面，如圆形、马蹄形、拱形和长方形。Gateway machine can excavate any size and shape of cross section: circular, horseshoe, arched and rectangular.（2）continuous miner 连续采煤机roof bolter 锚杆安装机，锚杆机。The roof bolter is a rubber-tired vehicle used to drill and insert bolts into the roof to support it.锚杆机是一个用来打锚杆眼安装锚杆来支护顶板的机器，它是用胶轮行走的。4 Roadw