高中英语导与练-句子成分

1、第一讲句子成分 一、主语、谓语考一考说出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分1.Class begins at eight. 2.The teachers are having a meeting. 3.At five oclock,they left. 4.Put up your hand if you have any questions. 5.Smoking does harm to your health. 6.There is a pen on the desk. 7.Who teaches you maths,Xiao Hua? 8.This story happened in Londo

2、n. 9.The rich should help the poor. 10.This weekend,some of us are going to have a picnic with the teachers. 讲一讲 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。根据各个部分在句子中所起的作用分别称为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主体。1.主语(Subject):主语是句子的主体部分,是说明的对象,是动作的执行 者或发出者。主语通常由名词、代词等充当(主语有时是动作的承受 者,这些谓语应用被动语态)。 例如:The students are listening to

3、me carefully. 同学们在认真听我讲课。 They want to learn English well.他们想学好英语。2.谓语(Predicate):谓语用来表示主语的状态或行为动作。(1)简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成,不管是什么时态,语态,语气。 例如:He practises running every morning. 他每天早上练习跑步。 Dont play in the street. 不要在街上玩。 He is doing his homework now. 他现在正在做作业。(2)复合谓语:由情态动词或某些其他助动词加不带to的动词不定式构成。 例如:You

4、may keep the book for two weeks. 这本书你可借两周。 He had to stay at home. 他不得不待在家里。 由系动词加表语构成。 例如:We are students.我们是学生。练一练.指出下列句子中的主语和谓语(画线部分)1.He has become more and more interested in English. 2.The living should go on with his work. 3.He practises speaking English every morning. 4.The child has been br

5、ought up by his grandmother. 5.To see is to believe. 6.It is necessary to help him out. 7.He looked after the children carefully. 8.Four plus Four is eight. 9.He can speak English very well. 10.Playing football in the street is dangerous. .汉译英1.他昨天下午到达海南。 2.我们经常在课堂上说英语。 3.掌握一门外语是有必要的。 4.张教授是著名的科学家。

6、5.我们打算今晚去拜访他。 答案:1.Yesterday afternoon he reached Hainan.2.We often speak English in class.3.It is necessary to master a foreign language.4.Professor Zhang is a famous scientist.5.We are going to call on him tonight.二、宾语、表语考一考说出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分1.They visited an exhibition yesterday. 2.The heavy rain p

7、revented me from arriving at school on time. 3.How many dictionaries do you have?I have five. 4.I enjoy listening to popular music. 5.She looks unhappy today. 6.He often went hungry in the past. 7.His job is to teach English. 8.Time is up.The class is over. 9.He remained in poor health all those yea

8、rs. 10.These apples taste sweet. 讲一讲1.宾语(Object):宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词(短 语)或介词后面。 例如:He is going to buy a dictionary.(动词的宾语) 他打算买本字典。 We should learn from him.我们应向他学习。(介词的宾语) 宾语种类:(1)双宾语:间接宾语+直接宾语,间接宾语一般指人,直接宾 语一般指物。 例如:Lend me your dictionary,please. 请把你的词典借给我用一用。 (2)复合宾语:宾语+宾补。 例如:He asked me to

9、come.他请我来的。2.表语(Predicative):表语用以说明主语的身份、特征或状态,它一般位 于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表语一般 由名词、代词、形容词、动词的-ing形式、不定式、介词短语、副词 及从句充当。例如: Is it yours?那是你的吗? The books are interesting. 这些书很有趣。 I wasnt at home last night. 昨晚我没在家。 The weather has turned cold. 天气已变冷。练一练.指出下列句子中的宾语和表语(画线部分)1.His jo

10、b is to train swimmers. 2.He seems interested in the plan. 3.He handed me the newspaper. 4.The war was over. 5.The window is broken. .汉译英1.我的爱好是画画。 2.他好像知道真相。 3.他不喜欢这项工作。 4.我给你买了一些巧克力。 5.这工厂60%的工人是年轻人。 答案:1.My hobby is painting.2.He seems to know the truth.3.He doesnt like the job.4.I have bought yo

11、u some chocolate.5.60% of the workers in this factory are young.三、定语、状语、补语考一考说出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分1.China is a developing country,while America is a developed country. 2.He is reading an article about how to learn English. 3.The boy who is shouting there is her brother. 4.Light travels most quickly. 5.He

12、 has lived in the city for ten years. 6.He goes to school by bus. 7.In order to catch up with the others,I must work harder. 8.Dont leave the window open. 9.I heard him go out. 10.His father named him Dong Ming. 答案:1.定语定语2.定语3.定语定语4.状语5.状语6.状语7.状语状语8.宾补9.宾补10.宾补讲一讲1.定语(Attribute):定语起修饰限制名词或代词的作用。一般由

13、形容词 性物主代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语)或 句子充当。 Dalian is a beautiful city. 大连是一个美丽的城市。 The girl with glasses is diligent. 戴眼镜的女孩很勤奋。 The man standing there is our teacher. 站在那里的那人是我们的老师。 Is there any difference between spoken English and written English?英语口语和书面语之间有什么不同吗? I have a lot of homework to do. 我

14、有许多作业要做。2.状语(Adverbial):状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明 动作或状态特征。可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、伴 随、条件、程度、让步、频率等,一般由副词、介词短语、动词不定式, 动词的-ing形式或从句充当。 Im very pleased to see you. 见到你我非常高兴。 Ill be back in a while. 我一会就回来。 We go home twice a month. 我们每月回家两次。 Being fat,he cant walk long. 因为身体很胖,他走不了多远。 He works hard to pass

15、the exam. 为了通过考试,他天天刻苦学习。3.宾语补足语(Object Complement):用来对宾语作补充说明,可由名词、 形容词、副词、不定式、分词或介词短语等充当。例如: They painted their boat white. 他们把船涂成白色。 Let the fresh air in. 让新鲜空气进来。 You mustnt force him to lend his money to you. 你绝不可强迫他借钱给你。 We saw her entering the room. 我们见她进入房间。 We found everything in the lab in

16、 good order. 我们发现实验室里的东西都井然有序。练一练.指出下列句中的定语、状语和宾语补足语(画线部分)1.He is a lovely boy. 2.There are many women teachers in our school. 3.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. 4.He is playing there happily. 5.I shall go there if it doesnt rain. 6.The story happened in Beijing. 7.He was so t

17、ired that he fell asleep immediately. 8.His coming late made his teacher unhappy. 9.Please keep the dog out. 10.When he woke up,he found himself under the bed. 答案:1.定语2.定语定语3.定语定语4.状语状语5.状语状语6.状语7.状语8.宾补9.宾补10.宾补.汉译英1.我父母都是教师。 2.你为什么不买那个红色的呢? 3.我两周没回家了。 4.放学后,他发现他妈妈在校门口等着他。 5.小明通常步行去上学。 答案:1.My pare

18、nts are both teachers.2.Why dont you buy the red one?3.I havent been home for two weeks.4.After school,he found his mother waiting for him at the school gate.5.Xiao Ming usually goes to school on foot.第二讲简单句的五种基本句型 一、主语、谓语讲一讲在此句型中,谓语是不及物动词(短语),不带宾语。如:My head aches.我头疼。The students are studying in th

19、e classroom.学生们正在教室里学习。They have left.他们已经走了。练一练汉译英1.我们努力学习。 2.一轮红日从东方升起。 3.1939年爆发了第二次世界大战。 4.飞机很快就要起飞了。 5.那家水果店关门了。 答案:1.We study hard.2.The red sun rises in the east.3.The Second World War broke out in 1939.4.The plane will take off soon.5.The fruit store has closed.二、主语+谓语+宾语讲一讲该句型中的谓语是及物动词(短语),

20、后面必须跟宾语。如:I finished reading the book.我读完了这本书。Do you like apples?你喜欢苹果吗?We discussed it at the meeting last week.上周我们在会上讨论过这件事。He decided to buy a computer.他决定买一台电脑。We love China.我们爱中国。They enjoyed themselves very much last night.他们昨天晚上玩得很开心。Do you remember his telephone number?你记得他的电话号码吗?【注意】不及物动词与

21、介词连用时,其后也可跟宾语。例如:Ann is waiting for Kate at the school gate.安正在校门口等凯特。He thought about the problem for a while.他把这个问题思考了一会儿。练一练指出下列句子中的主语、谓语和宾语1.She teaches English. 2.He enjoys listening to music. 3.The teacher corrected her poor pronunciation more than once. 4.Story telling has much strength in im

22、proving oral English skills. 5.He has decided to work harder at English. 三、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语讲一讲 英语中有些及物动词能跟双宾语,即间接宾语(指人)和直接宾语(指物)。通常情况下间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后。能跟双宾语的动词常见的有:ask,bring,take,buy,cost,fetch,give,hand,pass,lend,offer,pay,read,save,send,show,teach,tell,write等。 Could you pass me the salt?(=Could you pa

23、ss the salt to me?)请你把盐给我好吗? Uncle Wang made the farmers many machines.(=Uncle Wang made many machines for the farmers.) 王叔叔给农民们制造了很多机器。 Mother bought me a new dress.(=Mother bought a new dress for me.)妈妈给我买了一件新衣服。 The evening dress cost her forty dollars. 这件晚礼服花了她四十美元。 【注意】(1)间接宾语后置与for连用的动词有buy,ma

24、ke,cook,get,choose,sing,find等。例如: Uncle Li bought me a birthday present.(=Uncle Li bought a birthday present for me.) 李叔叔给我买了一件生日礼物。 (2)间接宾语后置与to连用的动词有give,lend,teach,take,return,send,pass等。例如: Please pass him a cup of tea.(=Please pass a cup of tea to him.) 请递给他一杯茶。 (3)间接宾语后置既可与for也可与to连用的动词有do,lea

25、ve,bring等。例如: He brought me a dictionary.(=He brought a dictionary for/to me.) 他给我带来了一本词典。 (4)若直接宾语是人称代词,通常情况下将其置于间接宾语之前。例如: 误:Please give me them. 正:Please give them to me.练一练汉译英1.他教我们英语。 2.请告诉我你的电话号码。 3.这给了我们很大的鼓励。 4.这个新方法省了我们不少时间。 答案:1.He teaches us English.2.Please tell me your telephone number.

26、3.This gave us great encouragement.4.This new way saved us much time.四、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语讲一讲 英语中,有些及物动词除能跟宾语外,有时还须加一个补足语,句意才能完整。 宾语+宾语补足语称为复合宾语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系。 We elected Liu Lei monitor.我们选刘磊当班长。 The news made him unhappy. 这个消息使他很不愉快。 You shouldnt let him go there alone. 你不应当让他一个人去那儿。 I had the b

27、ike repaired.我找人把自行车修好了。 I feel it very pleasant to be with your family. 我感到跟你们一家人在一起很愉快。 Please keep the classroom clean.请保持教室清洁。练一练指出下列句子中的宾语和宾语补足语1.The sun keeps us warm.2.The woman caught her husband reading her diary.3.My father saw her steal the money.4.I prefer you to stay with us.5.You may l

28、eave the child in my care.五、主语+系动词+表语讲一讲 此句型中的谓语动词为联系动词,作表语成分的有形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式、介词短语等。常见的系动词有be,feel,taste,smell,sound,seem,look(看起来),get(变),go(变),become(变),turn(变),come(变)等。 The story sounds interesting.那个故事听起来很有趣。 Her dream has come true.她的梦想实现了。 My books are on the desk.我的书在书桌上。 The food seems to

29、 be nice.这食物似乎不错。 Suddenly he became angry.突然他生气了。 在使用本句型时,要注意英汉表达的不同,如:我累了。I tired.I am tired.他在家。He at home.He is at home.这个男孩十二岁了。The boy twelve.The boy is twelve.练一练.指出下列句子中的主语、系动词和表语1.His wish is to become a scientist. 2.The motor is out of order. 3.The weather is getting quite warm. 4.Silk fee

30、ls soft and smooth. 5.The plan sounds perfect. .汉译英1.老师生气了。 2.学生们都在教室里。 3.天慢慢黑了。 4.我们的教室又大又亮。 5.他们反对我的建议。 答案:1.The teacher is angry.2.The students are all in the classroom.3.It is getting dark.4.Our classroom is big and bright.5.They are against my suggestion.第三讲句子类型 英语中的句子有三大类:简单句,并列句和复合句。一、并列句讲一讲由

31、两个或两个以上由并列连接词连在一起的简单句称为并列句。常用的并列连词有:1.连接两个同等概念,常用and,not only.but also., neither.nor.等。 例如:The teachers name is Bob,and the students name is John.老师叫鲍勃,学生叫约翰。2.表示选择,常用的连词有or,either.or.,otherwise等。 例如:Shall we go out to the cinema or shall we stay at home? 我们是出去看电影还是留在家里?3.表示转折,常用的连词有but,yet,while等。

32、例如:He was a little man with thick glasses,but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 他个子矮小,戴着厚厚的眼镜,但他却能用一种奇特的方法使他的课生 动有趣。4.表示因果关系,常用的连词有so,for等。 例如:August is the time of the year for rice harvest,so every day I work from dawn until dark. 八月份是水稻收获的季节,因此每天我都从早忙到晚。练一练.用合适的连词

33、填空1.Excuse me for breaking in, I have some news for you.2.He helps me do the cleaning I help him with his physics.3.The car broke down, we had to find a telephone.4.Do the job yourself ask others for help.5.It must have rained last night,the ground is wet.答案:1.but2.and3.so4.or5.for.将两个简单句合并为并列句1.It

34、has no mouth.It can talk. 2.You must tell the truth.You will be punished. 3.He has many good friends.He is an honest man. 4.Mr.Li went to his hometown.Mr.Wang was taking his class instead. 5.He wants to be a writer.I want to be a scientist. 答案:1.It has no mouth,but it can talk.2.You must tell the tr

35、uth,or youll be punished.3.He has many good friends,for he is an honest man.4.Mr.Li went to his hometown,so Mr.Wang was taking his class instead.5.He wants to be a writer while I want to be a scientist.二、复合句讲一讲1.概念:主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。从句通 常由关联词引导,关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。2.分类:按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、 同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。前四种从句在复合句中的作用相 当于名词,统称为名词性从句。 (1)主语从句 How much income we can expect this year is not yet known. 我们今年能有多少