2013年全国职称英语考试综合类押题试卷二及答案解析

1、第1部分：词汇选项(第115题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有一个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1. Sheexhibitedgreat powers of endurance during the climb.A. playB. sendC. showD. tell2. Theeternalmotion of the stars fascinated him.A. longB. never-endingC. boringD. extensive3. She could not answer, it was animmenseload off her

2、heart.A. naturalB. fatalC. tinyD. enormous4. The book made a greatimpacton its readers.A. forceB. influenceC. surpriseD. power5. Accompanied bycheerfulmusic, we began to dance.A. pleasantB. colorfulC. fashionableD. different6. He was noteligiblefor the examination because he was over age.A. competit

3、iveB. diligentC. qualifiedD. competent7. Her noveldepictsan ambitious Chinese.A. writesB. sketchesC. describesD. indicates8. Dontirritateher, shes on a short fuse today.A. teaseB. attractC. annoyD. protect9. It isabsurdto go out in such terrible weather.A. ridiculousB. funnyC. oddD. interesting10. I

4、notifiedhim that that my address bad changed.A. informedB. observedC. mockedD. misled11. The managerallocateduties to the clerks.A. assignB. persuadeC. askD. order12. The oncebarrenhillsides are now good farmland.A. hairlessB. bareC. emptyD. bald13. It ispostulatedthat a cure for the disease will ha

5、ve been found by the year 2000.A. challengedB. assumedC. deductedD. decreed14. We mustabideby the rules.A. stick toB. persist inC. safeguardD. apply15. From mystandpoint, you know, this thing is just funny.A. positionB. point of viewC. knowledgeD. opinion第2部分：阅读判断(第1622题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文

6、的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。The National TrustThe National Trust in Britain plays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoyment of the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside, Although the Trust has received practical a

7、nd moral support from the Government, it is not a rich Government department. It is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside and historic buildings of Britain. It is charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public. Its primary d

8、uty is to protect places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest.The attention of the public was first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles of Britain by the death of Lord Lothian, who left his great seventeenth-century house to the Trust together with

9、the 4, 500-acre park and estate surrounding it. This gift attracted wide publicity and started the Trusts Country House Scheme. Under this scheme, with the help of the Government and the general public, the Trust has been able to save and make accessible to the public about one hundred and fifty of

10、these old houses. Last year about one and three quarters of a million people paid to visit these historic houses, usually at a very small charge.In addition to country houses and open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and water mills, nature reserves, five hundred and forty far

11、ms and nearly two thousand five hundred cottages or small village houses, as well as some complete villages. In these villages no one is allowed to build, develop or disturb the old village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in their original sixteenth-century style. Over four

12、hundred thousand acres of coastline, woodland, and hill country are protected by the Trust and no development or disturbances of any kind are permitted.The public has free access to these areas and is only asked to respect the peace, beauty and wildlife.So it is that over the past eighty years the T

13、rust has become a big and important organization and an essential and respected part of national life, preserving all that is of great natural beauty and of historical significance not only for future generations of Britons but also for the millions of tourists whoeach year invade Britain in search

14、of a great historic and cultural heritage.16. The National Trust is financed by both personal donations and government allocations.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. British peoples dependence on the National Trust to protect places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest has been

15、 increasing.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. Lord Lothian was one of the founders of the National Trust.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. The Trusts Country House Scheme provides an easy access for the public to 150 old houses or so.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. A project which is to fort

16、ify a 16th century old house but keep its original style will not be approved by the National Trust.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. The public may enter in a wood under the protection of the National Trust without paying any money, but they are not allowed to bring in canned food and beverage.A.

17、 RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. The National Trust helps promote tourism in Britain.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第2330题，每题1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。Smoke Gets in Your Mind1 Lung cancer, hypertension, heart disease,

18、birth defects we are all too familiar with the dangers of smoking. But add to that list a frightening new concern. Mental illness. According to some controversial new findings, if smoking does not kill you, it may, quite litter, drive you to despair.2 The tobacco industry openly pushes its product a

19、s something to lift your mood and soothe anxity. But the short-term feel-good effect may mask the truth: that smoking may worsen or even trigger exiety disorders, panic attacks and depression, perhaps even schizophrenia.3 Cigarettes and mental illness have always tended to go together. An estimated

20、1.25 billion people smoke worldwide. Yet people who are depressed or anxious are twice as likely to smoke, and up to 88 per cent of those with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia smokers. A recent American survey concluded that around half of all cigarettes burn in the fingers of those with me

21、ntal illness.4 But the big question is why? The usual story is that the illness comes first. Mentally ill people take up smoking, or smoke more to alleviate some of their distress. Even when smoking seems to start before the illness, most doctors believe that early but invisible symptoms of the diso

22、rder spark the desire to light up. But perhaps something more sinister is going on.5 A growing number of researchers claim that smoking is the cause, not the consequence of clinical depression and several forms of anxiety. We know a lot about the effects of smoking on physical health, and now we are

23、 also starting to see the adverse effects in new research on mental illness, says Naomi Breslau, director of research at the Henry Ford Health Care System in Detroit.6 Breslau was one of the first to consider this heretical possibility. The hint came from studies, published in 1998, which followed a

24、 group of just over 1,000 young adults for a five-year period. The 13 per cent who began the study with major depression were around three times more likely to progress from being light smokers to daily smokers during the course of the study, though there was no evidence that depression increased th

25、e tendency to take up smoking. But a history of daily smoking before the study commenced roughly doubled the risk of developing major depression during the five year period Smoking, it seems, could pre-date illness.7 At first Breslau concluded that whatever prompts people to smoke might also make th

26、em depressed. But as the results of other much larger studies began to back the statistical link, she became more convinced than ever that what she was seeing were signs that smoking, perhaps the nicotine itself, could somehow affect the brain and cause depression.8 One of these larger studies was l

27、ed by Goodman, a pediatrician. She followed the health of two groups of teenagers for a year. the first group of 8,704 adolescents were not depressed, and might or might not. have been smokers, while the second group of 6,947 were highly depressed and had not been smokers in the past month. After a

28、year her team found that although depressed teenagers were more likely to have become heavy smokers, previous experimentation with smoking was the strongest predictor of such behaviour, not the depression itself. What is more important is that teenagers who started Out mentally fit but smoked at lea

29、st one packet per week during the study were four times more likely to develop depression than their non-smoking peers. Goodman says that depression does not seem to start before cigarette use among teens. Current cigarette use is however, a powerful determinant of developing high depressive symptom

30、s. 9 Breslau, too, finds that smokers are as much as four times more likely to have an isolated panic attack and three times more likely to dew, top longer-term panic disorder than non smokers, Its a hard message to get across, because many smokers say they Become anxious when they quit, not when th

31、ey smoke. But Breslau says that this is a shot lived effect of withdrawal which masks the reality that. in general, smokers have higher anxiety levels than non smokers or ex smokers.23. Paragraph 3_24. Paragraph 4_25. Paragraph 6_26. Paragraph 8_27. Nowadays many doctors have become aware that smoki

32、ng is not only a hazard to peoples physical health_28. The cigarette ads which claim that smoking can help soothe anxiety_.29. Breslaus study_than Goodmans but lasted longer.30. To contradict Breslaus conclusion, many smokers say that they are less anxious when they smoke _第4部分：阅读理解(第31-45题每题3分，共45分

33、)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇Pool WatchSwimmers can drown in busy swimming pools when lifeguards fail to notice that they are in trouble. The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents says that on average 15 people drown in British pools each year, but many more suffer major injury

34、after getting into difficulties. Now a French company has developed an artificial intelligence system called Poseidon that sounds the alarm when it sees someone in danger of drowning.When a swimmer sinks towards the bottom of the pool, the new system sends an alarm signal to a poolside monitoring st

35、ation and a lifeguards pager. In trials at a pool in Ancenis, near Nantes, it saved a life within just a few months, says Alistair McQuade, a spokesman for its maker, Poseidon Technologies.Poseidon keeps watch through a network of underwater and overheard video cameras. AI software analyses the imag

36、es to work out swimmers trajectories. To do this reliably, it has to tell the difference between a swimmer and the shadow of someone being cast onto the bottom or side of the pool. The underwater environment is a very dynamic one, with many shadows and reflections dancing around. says McQuade.The so

37、ftware does this by projecting a shape in its field of view onto an image of the far wall of the pool. It does the same with an image from another camera viewing the shape from a different angle.If the two projections are in the same position, the shape is identified as a shadow and is ignored. But

38、if they are different, the shape is a swimmer and so the system follows its trajectory.To pick out potential drowning victims, anyone in the water who starts to descend slowly is added to the softwares pre-alert list, says McQuade. Swimmers who then stay immobile on the pool bottom for 5 seconds or

39、more are considered in danger of drowning. Poseidon double-checks that the image really is of a swimmer, not a shadow, by seeing whether it obscures the pools floor texture when viewed from overhead. If so, it alerts the lifeguard, showing the swimmers location on a poolside screen.The first full-sc

40、ale Poseidon system will be officially opened next week at a pool in High Wycombe. Buckinghamshire. One man who is impressed with the idea is Travor Baylis, inventor of the clockwork radio. Baylis runs a company that installs swimming pools, and he was once an underwater escapologist with a circus.

41、I say full marks to them if this works and can save lives, he says. But he adds that any local authority spending 30,000-plus on a Poseidon system ought to be investing similar amounts in teaching children to swim.31. AI means the same asA. an image.B. an idea.C. anyone in the water.D. artificial in

42、telligence.32. What is required of AI software to save a life?A. It must be able to swim.B. It must keep walking round the pool.C. It can distinguish between a swimmer and a shadow.D. It can save a life within a few months.33. How does Poseidon save a life?A. He plunges into the pool.B. It alerts th

43、e lifeguard.C. He cries for help.D. It rushes to the pool.34. Which of the following statements about Trevor Baytis is NOT true?A. He runs.B. He invented the clockwork radio.C. He was once an entertainer.D. He runs a company.35. The word considered in paragraph 5 could be best replaced byA. thought.

44、B. rated.C. regarded.D. believed.第二篇Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist AttackIn the aftermath of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, structural engineers are trying hard to solve a question that a month ago would have been completely unthinkable : Can building he designed to w

45、ithstand catastrophic blasts inflicted by terrorists?Ten days after the terrorist attacks on the twin towers, structural engineers from the University at Buffalo and the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (MCEER) headquar-tered at UB traveled to ground zero as part of a pro

46、ject funded by the National Science Foundation.Visiting the site as part of an MCEER reconnaissance visit, they spent two days beginning the task of formulating ideas about how to design such structures and searching for clues on how to do so in buildings that were damaged, but still are standing.Ou

47、r objective in visiting ground zero was to go and look at the buildings surrounding the World Trade Center, those buildings that are still standing, but that sustained damage, said M. Bruneau, Ph.D. Our immediate hope is that we can develop a better understanding as to why those buildings remain sta

48、nding, while our long-term goal is to see whether earthquake engineering technologies can be married to existing technologies to achieve enhanced performance of buildings in the event of terrorist attacks. he added.Photographs taken by the investigators demonstrate in startling detail the monumental

49、 damage inflicted on the World Trade Center towers and buildings in the vicinity. One building a block away from the towers remains standing, hut was badly damaged. This building is many meters away from the World Trade Center and yet we see a column there that used to be part of that building , exp

50、lained A. Whhittaker,Ph. D. The column became a missile that shot across the road,through the window and through the floor. The visit to the area also revealed some surprises, according to the engineers. For example, the floor framing systems in one of the adjacent buildings was quite rugged, allowi

51、ng floors that were pierced by ions of falling debris to remain intact. ttighly redundant ductile framing systems may provide a simple, but robust strategy for blast resistance. he added. Other strategies may include providing alternate paths for gravity loads in the event that a load bearing column

52、 fails. We also need a better understanding of the mechanism of collapse, said A. Whittaker. We need to find out what causes a building to collapse and how you can predict it. A. Rcinhorn, Pb. D. noted that earthquake shaking has led to the collapse of many buildings in the past. h induces dynamic r

53、esponse and extremely high stresses and deformations in structural components.Solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may be directly applicable to blast engineering and terrorist resistant design. Part of our mission now at UB is to transfer these solutions and to develop new ones where

54、 none exist at present.36. The question raised in the first paragraph is one_A. that was asked by structural engineers a month agoB. that is too difficult for structural engineers to answer even nowC. that was never thought of before the terrorist attackD. that terrorists are eager to find a solutio

55、n to37. The project funded by the National Science Foundation_A. was first proposed by some engineers at UBB. took about two days to completeC. was to investigate the damage caused by the terrorist attackD. was to find out why some buildings could survive the blasts38. The column mentioned by Dr. Wh

56、ittaker_A. was part of the building close to the World Trade CenterB. was part of the World Trade CenterC. was shot through the window and the floor of the World Trade CenterD. damaged many buildings in the vicinity of the World Trade Center39. A surprising discovery made by the investigators during

57、 their visit to ground zero is that_A. floors in the adjacent buildings remain undamagedB. some floor framing systems demonstrate resistance to explosionC. simple floor framing systems are more blast resistantD. floors in one of the adjacent buildings were pierced by tons of debris40. What Dr. Reinh

58、orn said in the last paragraph may imply all the following EXCEPT thatA. blast engineers should develop new solutions for terror resistant designB. blast engineering can borrow technologies developed for terror-resistant designC. solutions developed for earthquake resistant design may apply to terro

59、rist resistant designD. blast engineering emerges as a new branch of scienceh had been boring hanging about the hotel all afternoon. The road crew were playing a game with dollar notes. Folding them into small planes to see whose would fly the furthest. Having nothing betterto do, I joined in and wo

60、n five.and tben took the opport unity to escape with my profit, Despite the evil第三篇 To Have and Have Notlooking clouds,I had to get out for a while.I headed for a shop on the other side of the street. Unlike the others,it didnt have a sign shouting its name and business, and instead of the usual imp