小升初词汇和词形学习与练习10套

1、 / 65小升初词汇学习专项Lesson 1complete v.: finish 完成When will the work be completed?这项工作什么时候完成？hobby n.: an activity which one enjoys doing in ones free time 爱好interest He works in a bank, but hishobby is collecting stamps.他在银行工作，但是他的业余爱好是集邮。be from: come from 来自于Janeis from the US. = Janecomes fromthe US.简

2、来自美国。elder adj.: older; senior 年长的His elder daughter has gone to Canada.他的大女儿去了加拿大。拓展older adj.年龄较大的；较旧的(old的比较级)My elder sister is three yearsolder than I.我的姐姐比我大三岁。friendly adj.: behaving in a pleasant/kind way友爱的； 友好的 =kind=nice Our neighborhood police are veryfriendly.我们的社区警察非常友善。拓展be friendly t

3、o sb.对某人友好make friends (n.) with 与交朋友(反)unfriendly adj.不友好的(近)kind adj.友好的；友善的be good at .: do well in .擅长于Many boys are good at Maths.=Many boys do well in Maths.许多男孩子数学学得很好。seldom adv.: not often 不常； 很少They seldom go to the movies.他们很少去看电影。拓展(1)频度副词的位置：通常位于be动词、助动词等之后，行为动词之前。(2)按频率大小排列的顺序：alwaysus

4、ually often sometimesseldomneverpractice n.: doing sth. regularly in order to be able to do it better 练习 It takes a lot of practice to play the piano well.弹好钢琴需要大量的练习。拓展practice (v.) doing sth.练习做某事I love this game and I spend a lot of timepracticing it.我很喜欢这项运动，我花了很长时间练习。take part in: attend; join

5、in 参力口Tom takes part in many school activities.汤姆参加许多学校活动。辨析join多指参加某党派、团体，并成为其中一员。take part in侧重指参加群众性、集体性的活动，并在其中发挥一定作用 I want to join the chess club.我想参加象棋俱乐部。How many countries will take part in the World Cup?有多少个国家要参加世界杯？have a good time: enjoy oneself玩得开心； 过得愉快Did you have a good timeat the pa

6、rty?=Did you enjoy yourself at the party?你在晚会上玩得高兴吗？protect v.: keep sb./sth. from harm 保护We must take action toprotect tigers.我们必须采取措施保护老虎。常用短语protect . from .使免于；防止遭受You should protect the children from catching cold.你应该防备孩子们受凉。拓展protector n.保护者 protection n.保护provide v.: give or supply 提供The Eart

7、h provides us with air, water and food.地球为我们提供了空气、水和食物。常用短语provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb.为某人提供某物Sheepprovide wool for us. = Sheepprovide us with wool.羊供给我们羊毛。拓展provider n.供应者pollute v.: make sth. dirty 污染Many things pollute water, such as trash and plastic bags.很多东西污染水源，例如垃圾和塑料袋。拓展poll

8、ution n.污染 polluted adj.受到污染的important adj.: necessaryt 要的Its important for us to learn English well.对我们来说，学好英语很重要。常用句型Its + adj. + for sb. to do sth.对某人来说拓展importantly adv.重要地 importance n.重要； 重要性own adj.: belonging to oneself 自己的I go to work in my own car.我开自己的车去上班。拓展on ones own 单独； 独自（相当于 by ones

9、elf）own v.拥有 owner n. 主人；所有者Who owns this beautiful house?这栋漂亮的房子是谁的？Im the owner of this car.我是这辆车的主人。problem n.: a difficulty that needs attention 问题； 难题The problem is the price of the ticket.问题是票价。常用短语have a problem （in） doing sth.做某事有困难拓展No problem.没问题，没关系，别客气。可用来回答别人的感谢、道歉或表示有能力做某事 Can you fini

10、sh the work in an hour? No problem.你能在一个小时内完成这项工作吗？一没问题。throw away: throw out 扔掉People oftenthrow away their rubbish everywhere.人们常常到处扔垃圾。What a waste tothrow it away!（注意 it 的位置）扔掉它多浪费啊！拓展throw out丢出，扔出 throw at向投throw off脱掉，摆脱（疾病）everything pron.所有事物；一切Everything is all right. 一切都好。Hes interested i

11、neverything.他对一切事物都很感兴趣。拓展something pron. 某事； 某物nothing pron.没有事情anything pron.任何事spendv.: use time doing sth.; pay out money in order to get sth花费(时间、金钱) I usually spend time with my family during the Spring Festival.春节，我常常和我的家人一起度过。常用短语spend time/money on sth.在上花费时间或金钱He spent two hours on this ma

12、ths problem.这道数学题花了他两个小时。spend time/money (in) doing sth.花费时间或金钱做某事。We spenttwo years (in) building this bridge.建造这座桥花了我们两年时间。go swimming 去游泳Its hot today. Lets go swimming.今天天气好热，我们去游泳吧。拓展go shopping 去购物 go boating 去划船go camping去里子营 go skiing 去滑雪go skating 去溜冰 go jogging 去慢跑go fishing 去钓鱼 go sights

13、eeing 去观光go mountain climbing 去爬山第一组.从下面每小题的A、B、C三个选项中选出可以替换下划线部分的最佳选项()1.The teacher askedeveryone to hand in their articles. But I think not all the students finished their articles.Some students B. all the students C. any students()2. Does your motherlike reading magazines?No. She prefers watchin

14、g TV.A. enjoyB. mindC. practice()3. Reading is one of my favorite hobbies.I like reading, too.A. things I like doing when I am freethings I need to do every daythings I hope to do in the future()4. Hey, Tom. Do you live here too?( Yes, I just moved into a newflat nearby.A. villageB. garden)5. You lo

15、ok unhappy. What s wrong?I didn hear from my best friend today.A. get a book from B. get a letter from )6. I would like to see you again.But I don t want to see you any more.A. agreeB. go)7. When will the class end?At 4: 30C. apartmentC. get a toy fromC. wantA. stopB. startC. over)8. Did you have a

16、good time at Lucy s birthday party?Yes, I felt so happy.feel goodbe happyenjoy yourself2.从下面每小题的A、B、C三个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。()9. is something that you can hear.A. SmileB. FoodC. sound()10. The boy knows my . That is, he knows how old I am.A. ageB. heightC. country()11. The refers to the earth, with all

17、 its countries, natural features and so on.A. countryB. worldC. mountain()12. If I work in English, can I do well in it?Sure. makes perfect.A. TimeB. HealthC. Practice()13. Is that boy Mr. Green s son? Maybe. He Mr. Smith.A. looks likeB. changes intoC. smiles at()14. Is Tony an American boy? No. He

18、China. He is a Chinese boy.A. hears fromB. is fromC. gets from()15. Where you have been, John?To the . I bought some vegetables and meat.A. marketB. schoolC. library第二组1.从下面每小题的A、B、C三个选项中选出可以替换下划线部分的最佳选项 ()1.- Don t play computer games. It is a waste of(8r) time and energySorry, I won t.A. powerB. m

19、oneyC. heart()2. It is raining heavily. An umbrella can protect you from the rain. But I think a raincoat may be better.A. make fromB. give fromC. keep from()3. We sometimesburn wood to get fire in winter.It s bad for our environment.(A. make very strong B. set on fireC. cut into pieces)4. We should

20、 not throw rubbish away, because it willpollute the environment I agree with you.A. make dirtyB. make long)5. The starsshine in the sky at night. It s so beautiful.A. take in lightB. fall off)6. My dream is to take a trip to Paris in summer. Sounds great.A. live inB. work at)7. The wind blows gently

21、 in spring in China.Yes, the weather is very comfortable for us.A. quicklyB. softlyC. make - cleanC. send out lightC. travel toC. sadly)8. Relatives often get together during the Spring Festival.Yes, we usually have dumplings together, too.people in the same familypeople in the same officepeople in

22、the different families2.从下面每小题的A、B、C三个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。)9. A is a kind of ways for the teachers to know how much you learn.A. reportB. quizC. field)10. The of an accident refers to what is true in it.A. factB. groundC. problem)11. If you want to tell others what happened in the show in a written wa

23、y, it means you need to write a(n) .A. partB. article)12. The capital of is CanberraOh! Really? I think it should be Sidney.A. AmericaB. China)13. Don t use your feet to the wall? OK, I won t. It s rude to do that.A. washB. kissC. reportC. AustraliaC. kick)14. The more money you want to , the more m

24、oney you need to eann(E).Luckily, my father will pay money for me, so I dont need to make money.A. costB. takeC. spend)15. Beijing is in winter, so you can see lots of snow fall from the sky. It must be very beautiful.A. funnyB. snowyC. rainyLesson 2nervousadj.: being worried about something 紧张的Some

25、times, I am verynervous and I cannot answer their questions.有时我非常紧张，回答不出他们的问题。拓展（近）anxious忧虑的（反）calm平静的；relaxed放松的leave v.: go away from 离开They areleaving for Japan the day after tomorrow.他们后天将前往日本。常用短语leave a message留 口 信leave sb. by oneself/leave sb. alonef 巴某人独自留下able adj.: have the power to do s

26、th.能； 能够Are you able to come tomorrow?你明天能来吗？Sheis able to sing the song in English.她会用英语唱这首歌。常用短语be able to do sth.能够做某事have the ability （n.） to do sth.有能力做某事拓展unable adj.不能的；不会的breathev.: take air into the body and send it out again 呼吸They want to go to the countryside tobreathe fresh air.他们想去乡村呼吸

27、新鲜空气。拓展breath n.呼吸常用短语take/have a breath 呼吸 take/have a deep breat除呼吸out of breath上气不接下气return v.: give back/come back 归还； 回来Last week, she borrowed my math book and didnt return it.上周，她借了我的数学书，还没有还给我。Has your father returned from Beijing?你爸爸从北京回来了吗？more than: a larger number or amount of 多于More tha

28、n one hundred people took part in this activity.有一百多人参加了这项活动。同义词over prep.（在数目、程度方面）超过I have known Henry for over/more than 20 years.我认识亨利已经二十多年了。反义词less/fewer than 少于The snowstorm lasted forless than half an hour.这场暴风雪持续了半个小时不到。拓展more and more 越来越多whats more 而且if conj.如果Well go if it doesnt rain.如果

29、不下雨，我们就去。If you run, youll get there in time.如果你跑的话，你就会及时赶到那儿。拓展even if即使 only if只要 as if好像so that: in order that; with the result that 以便；结果He got up very early so that he could catch the train.他起得很早，以便能赶上火车。拓展so that引导目的状语从句时，表示 以便；为了工so +形容词/副词+ that .引导结果状语从句。She is so friendly that everyone lik

30、es her very much.她很友好，大家都非常喜欢她。as . as像一样；如同Try to get as many booksas you can.你要尽可能多拿一些书。This film is as interesting as that one.这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。注意：as . as中间是副词或形容词时，只能用其原级。拓展as . as one can/possible 可能beautyn.: being beautiful 美；美丽We enjoy the beauty of nature.我们欣赏大自然的美。She was a famousoeauty in her

31、 youth.她年轻时是个有名的美人。attendv.: be present at; go to 参力口I went to Paris to attend an event.我去巴黎参加了一个活动。近义词组take part in 参力口disappearv.: no longer see sth.消失The sundisappeared behind clouds.太阳消失在云层后面。That speciesdisappeared in the Ice Age.那个物种早在冰河时期就绝迹了。反义词appearv.出现拓展由dis-构成的单词还有：dislike 不喜欢 disagree 不

32、同意 disobey 不服从disrespect 不敬 disadvantage 不禾dishonest 不诚实的surprisedadj.: showing or feeling shocked 吃惊的; 感到惊讶的用法surprised感到惊讶的（常用来修饰人）surprising令人惊讶的（常用来修饰物）We were very surprised at the result.我们对这个结果感到很惊讶。The surprising success makes us very happy.这出人意料的成功使我们非常高兴。类似用法的单词有：bored厌烦的；boring令人厌烦的amazed

33、惊奇的；amazing令人惊异的interested感兴趣的；interesting引起兴趣的常用短语be surprised at （doing） sth.对感至 U 吃惊拓展surprise n.惊奇；诧异 v.使惊奇；使诧异in surprise 惊奇地 to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是learn about: begin to know about sth.学习； 了解He read a lot so as tdearn about the history of Europe.他大量阅读以便了解欧洲史。拓展learn from 向学习 learn by oneself

34、自学learn . by heart 熟t己，背诵learn onelesson获得教训，吸取教训look up: find sth. out in a dictionary or a reference book在字典或参考书中）查阅 If you dont know the word, look it up in a dictionary.（注:意it的位置）你如果不认识这个单词，可以查词典。I looked your addressup in the personnel file.我从人事档案里查到了你的地址。拓展look at 看着 look out 小心look for 寻找 loo

35、k after 照顾look like 看起来像 look down upon 看不起look forward to 期待interview n. & v. a meeting at which sb. is asked questions to find if he is suitable0 试 I will have an interview for a new job tomorrow.我明天有个新工作的面试。The professor wasinterviewed on the radio yesterday.教授昨天接受了电台的采访。常用短语ask for an interview

36、with sb.请求面见某人have an interview with sb.和某人有次访谈拓展interviewer n.采访者 interviewee n.受访者follow v.: go after 跟随I followed it to see where it was going.我跟着它看它到哪里去。拓展following adj.下列的；接下来的常用短语follow ones advice 听从某人建议the following day 第二天free adj.: not busy 空闲的;不忙的There are no roomsfree in our hotel these

37、days.我们旅店这几天没有空房问。I have got threefree tickets for tonights film.我有三张免费的今晚的电影票。拓展freedom n.自由be bad for: be harmful to 对有害的Smoking is bad for your health.吸烟有害健康。Watching too much TV is bad for our eyes.看太多电视对我们的眼睛有害。反义词组be good for对有用，有好处 / 65 /65(be) interested in 对感兴趣I am interestedin music.我对音乐感兴

38、趣。She also said that singing English songs made her moreterestedin learning English.她还说，唱英语歌曲使她对学习英语更感兴趣了。第一组.从下面每小题的A、B、C三个选项中选出可以替换下划线部分的最佳选项()1.I always feel nervous before the interview. I should learn how to be relaxed.Take it easy. Everyone must go through this.A. tiredB. worriedC. excited()2.

39、 I will leave America next week. And I will go to Beijing,It seems you will be very busy this week.A. come toB. come backC. go away from()3.If you are not good at English, you can ask Bill for help. Heis able to help you I know him. He is a very kind person.A. shouldB. needC. can()4. When we arrive

40、there, we will eat some delicious snacksYou should call me out and enjoy the food with me.A. knowB. getC. find()5. My home is around 2 kilometers from my office.No wonder you need to drive a car to go to work every day.A. less thanB. overC. about()6. Here is atravel guide for you. It can tell you a

41、lot of information about Shanghai.Thanks a lot for your gifts.guide for a skillbook full of travel informationtalk about travel information()7. The sunlights up the sky and the moon.Yes, it gives the earth a lot of energy.A. makes - brightB. makes - goodC. makes - special()8. Which places of interes

42、t would you like to visit in England during this summerholiday?. Maybe the Big Ben is a good choice.A. famous placesB. ancient places C. large places2.从下面每小题的A、B、C三个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。()9. A park in the of a town is a park in the middle of a townA. frontB. endC. center()10. A(n) festival means a fest

43、ival which is old and has a long historyA. importantB. smallC. traditional()11. There are many and new buildings in Shenzhen, but few old ones.The government really spends a lot of money building up this city.A. modernB. uglyC. natural()12. During the flood, people didn t know what to do and they ra

44、n in every It is very dangerous of them to run like this.A. gardenB. houseC. direction()13. There s a small house right the river and you can go there through the bridge.Thanks for your guidance.A. behindB. acrossC. outside()14. There is air on the moon, so people can t live on it.Also there is no g

45、ravity on it, so people may float away in their sleep.A. anyB. noC. some()15. I have four apples, so each of the two boys in my family can at least get twoapples. Does it mean you can have one for yourself?A. more thanB. less thanC. as many as第二组1.从下面每小题的A、B、C三个选项中选出可以替换下划线部分的最佳选项()1.My father teach

46、es me how to make paper kite.What a good father we have!A. asksB. showsC. finds()2. Our teacher asked us tobuild a paper castle after school.It sounds impossible for me to do it.A. drawB. throwC. make()3. There is no space for us to sit in the car. Maybe we can take a taxi to the party.A. roomB. tim

47、eC. work()4. The toy plane can be used as a moving camera. It ismazing !Yes, the inventions nowadays can give us a lot of surprise.A. dirty and uglyB. good and surprising C. interesting and funny()5. She felt exdted after China got the silver medal at the world championship.Don t you know her sister

48、 is the coach of our national team?A. very sadB. very happyC. very angry()6. We start having class at 7:45 in the morning.It s too late. Our first class ends at 7:45.A. beginB. likeC. finish()7. I really like collecting CDs. I think it is interesting. But I think collecting more coins can help me ma

49、ke more money.A. loveB. hateC. try()8. Follow the writer, and you will get there. Sorry, you d better lead me there by yourself. I won t follow a stranger.A. Ask forB. Walk ahead of C. Go after2.从下面每小题的A、B、C三个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。()9. If you say you are, you mean you have time to do somethingA. boredB.

50、 busC. free()10. If something , we cannot see it.A. smilesB. disappearsC. grows()11. To an activity is to join in an activity and behave actively.A. attendB. giveC. take part in()12. We want to ask the way but we can find a person here. So, you d better take a mobile phone with GPS in it with you ne

51、xt time.A. reallyB. nearlyC. hardly()13. The book is too. I don t want to read it any more. I don t like it, either.A. boringB. funnyC. new()14. we should to turn off the light when we leave.Yes, to save energy is our duty.A. forgetB. rememberC. hope()15. She is a good student but she failed the exa

52、m this time. I am so.So am I. Maybe she was not herself when she took the exam.A. happyB. nervousC. surprisedLesson 3patient adj.: stay calm and do not get annoyed心的Luckily, his mother was patient and didnt give up trying to help him.所幸他妈妈很有耐心，没有放弃尽力帮助他。We must bepatient with children.我们对孩子要有耐心。拓展pa

53、tiently adv.而寸心地patiencen.而寸心forget v.: fail to remember or keep in memory 忘记Im sorry, Ive forgotten your name.对不起，我忘记你的名字了。I forgot to turn off the light. 我忘记关灯了。常用短语forget to do sth.忘记应该做或还没有做的事情forget doing sth.忘记做过的事情反义词rememberv.记得拓展forgetful adj.健忘的encouragev.: make sb. feel brave enough or co

54、nfident enough to do sth鼓励 The good newsencouraged all of us.这个好消息鼓舞了我们所有人。My friends often encourage me to learn new things.我的朋友们常常鼓励我学习新事物。常用短语encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事拓展encouragementn.激励，鼓励encouragingadj.振奋人心的encouragedadj.受至U鼓舞的successfuladj.: having done what one has tried to do 获得成功的Its

55、a very successfulthriller, but I think it s boring.那是一部成功的恐怖片，但是我认为它很无聊。拓展succeedv.成功 successn.成功successfully adv.成功地give up: stop doing or having sth.放弃Dont give up hope; keep on trying.不要灰心，继续努力。He decides togive up smoking.他决定戒烟。拓展give back 归还 give away 赠送give out 分发 give in 屈give sb. a hand帮某人的忙

56、as well: too 也；除之外He speaks French, and Spanishs well.他说法语，也会说西班牙语。拓展as well as 和；也He can play tennisas well as basketball.他会打篮球，也会打网球。lie v.: be situated 位于；坐落在(lay, lain, lying) The small town lies in the east of Gansu Province.这个小城镇位于甘肃省的东部。拓展lie还有以下几种意思：A.躺(lay, lain, lying)There is a childlying

57、 on the ground.地上躺着一个小孩。B.撒谎(lied, lied, lying)Dont lie to me.不要对我撒谎。prefer v.: choose one thing or an action rather than anothe臣喜欢 Does sheprefer pop music?她更喜欢流行音乐吗？常用短语prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth.与相比更喜欢prefer to do sth. (rather than do sth.)宁可也不愿He prefers swimming to playing balls.他喜欢游泳不喜

58、欢打球。I prefer to stay at homerather than (to) go out.和出门比起来，我比较喜欢待在家里。finish v.: bring to an end; complete 完成I ve already finished my homework.我已经完成了家庭作业。常用短语finish doing sth.完成某事When did you finish reading this novel?你什么时候看完的这本小说？be famous for: be well-known for 以而闻名China is famous for china in the

59、world.中国以瓷器而闻名于世。辨析be famous for因而出名，for后面接出名的原因。be famous as以身份而著名，as后接表示身份、职位的名词。Lu Xun was famous asa writer.鲁迅是著名的作家。helpful adj.: useful 有用的;有帮助的The helpful boy carried my bags for me.这个乐于助人的男孩帮我提着包。常用短语help oneself to sth.(招待客人用语)请随便吃 with ones help在某人的帮助之下ask for help 求助拓展-ful是形容词后缀。类似的词还有：gr

60、ateful感激的；careful小心的；colorful色彩鲜艳的；peaceful平静的allow v.: let sb. do sth. or let sth. be done 允许做某事My mother allows me to go to Helens birthday party.我妈妈允许我去参加海伦的生日派对。The children areallowed to watch TV after school.孩子们被允许在放学后看电视。常用短语allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事apologize v.: say one is sorry, as for fa