高考英语形容词和副词讲解

1、v1.0可编辑可修改、形容词、副词的基本用法The people , and the people alone,are the motive force in the making of world history（一） 多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序如果两个及两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多，则音节少的形容词在前，音节多的在后。如：a small wonderful gift 。常用的顺序为：限定词（these , those , ） +数量形容词（three ） +描绘性形容词（beautiful ） +大 小、长短、高

2、低等形体形容词 （large , long , high ） +新旧（old） +颜色（red） +国籍（Chinese） +材料（wood） +用途（writing ） +被修饰的名词（desk）为了方便记忆，不妨试试如下口诀：限定描述大长高，形状年龄与新老；颜色国籍出材料，用途类别往后靠。英语中有些形容词既可以做前置定语，也可以作后置定语，但意义不同，常见的有：present （现在的/在场的），responsible （可依赖的/应负责的），concerned （忧心忡忡的/有关的），proper （适当的/正经的， 正式的），involved （复杂难懂的/相关的），absent （心

3、不在焉的/缺席的）。如：the responsible man 可依赖的人the man responsible 应负责的人the present members 现在的成员the members present 在场的成员the absent students心不在焉的学生the students absent 缺席的学生the concerned teachers忧心忡忡的老师们the teachers concerned （与事情） 相关的老师们（二）表语形容词表语形容词 （如：afraid , alone , awake, asleep , alive , alike , ashame

4、d, afloat , well , sorry , unable , worth , sure）并非只能做表语，它们还可以作补足语，有的还可作后置定语（一般不做前置定语）。如：To my surprise , the driver is still alive after the traffic accident人民，只有人民，是创造世界历史的动力。（三）形容词作状语v形容词作状语表示，半随或结果，并不表示动词的方式。如：He returned home , safe and sound 。他安然无恙的回到了家。The goat rolled over , dead。山羊翻了个身，死了。He

5、 is standing there , full of fear 。他充满恐惧的站在那。有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。如：Fortunately , he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA 。幸运的是，他没被淹死，被解放军救了。Happily for her , her stepmother was kind to her 。使她高兴的是，她的继母对她很好。Luckily , he was not hurt in the accident 。幸运的是，他在事故中没有受伤。Obviously , your answer is abso

6、lutely wrong 。很显然，你的答案绝对错误。Naturally , you will want to discuss this problem with your parents。你自然想和你的父母商量一下此事。副词enough的用法enough作副词用来修饰形容词、副词时要放在所修饰词的后面。如：students brave enough to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills 。令我吃惊的是，交通事故发生后，司机还活着。足够勇敢参加这个探险课的学生肯定会学到很多有用的技能。

7、v1.0可编辑可修改第页2熟5页Strangely enough, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless 。8. The price of the book is high/low很奇怪，一些著名的科学家具有粗心和细心双重特点。cannot与enough连用，表示“再也不为过“。如：You cannot be careful enough。你再细心也不为过。注意：enough的这种用法还可用cannot (never等否定词)too”表达。如：I was riding along

8、 the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me downYou can never be too careful in the street 。我正沿着大街骑车，突然一辆汽车横插过来，把我撞倒了。在大街上，你再小心也不为过。(六)熟记下列几句有关形容词、副词的固定搭配He s dead/blind drunk = =very drunk ).他喝的酩酊大醉。He s wide awake .他完全没有睡意。It s raining/snowing heavily .雨/雪下的很大。He s sound/fast asle

9、ep .他睡得很沉。He s moving/breathing/drinking/smoking heavily.他吃力的移动/喘着粗气/酒喝得多/烟抽的多。The traffic / He s moustache is heavy.交通拥挤/他的胡子浓密。The population of China is larger than that of Japan.中国人口比日本多。这本书的价格很高/低。=The book is expensive/cheap .这本书很贵/便宜。(七) 有些副词还可以作连词，但作副词时，常放在句末，如 though , (ever) since , in cas

10、e 等。如:She promised to phone 。 I heard nothing , though 。=Though she promised to phone , I heard nothing 。她答应要打电话来，可我没听到回信儿。二、形容词、副词的比较等级(一) 原级用 as as, not as/ so as , the same as , such -as 弓I导。如：Henry is a worker as good as Peter (is )。=Henry is as good a worker as Peter (is )。=Henry is such a good

11、 worker as Peter (is )。Henry和Peter 一样都是好工人。Henry dose not have so/as many books as I have 。Henry的书不如我的多。It is generally believed that teaching isas much an art as it is a science 。人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。as +形容词+ as + 数量词=数量词+形容词。如：The building is as tall as 100 meters 。=The building is 100 meters t

12、all 。这栋楼房有100米高。貌似同等程度比较结构的一些固定习惯用语英语中有些看似是同等程度的比较结构，实际上它们是一些固定的习惯用语。如：as long as只要，有,v1.0可编辑可修改之久；as far as 至U地点， 就而言； as soon as 一就；as well as又；as good as ( =very nearly )与几乎一样，几乎，简直。如：I will work as (so) long as I live 。只要活着，我就要工作。He has experience as well as knowledge。他既有知识又有经验。(注意此句的翻译顺序)(二)比较级

13、.比较急修饰语常见的有rather , much, still , even, far , any (用于否定句或疑问句)，a lot , a little ,a great deal , by far , a bit , three times等。如：The students study even harder than before 。学生们学习比以前更努力了。. “the + 比较级，the + 比较级”表示越，越”。如：The more tickets you sell , the more money you will get 。你卖的票越多，挣的钱就越多。The longer yo

14、u stay , the better (it will be )。你待的时间越长越好。.“比较级+ and + 比较级”表示“越来越”。如：The new city is becoming more and more beautiful 。这个新城市变得越来越美丽了。. the + 比较级+ of the two (+名词)，表示“两个中的较的一个“ 。如：The taller of the two boys is my brother 。这两个男孩中较高的那个是我哥哥。.用介词by表示相差的程度。如：She is taller than I by three inches 。( =She

15、is three inches taller than I。)I missed the last train by one minute 。我差一分钟没赶上最后一趟火车。. 一个人所具有的两种性质的比较，用morethan结构，意为“与其不如”。如：Ann acts quite unfriendly 。I think she s more shy than unfriendly 。 (more shy 不可变为 shyer 或 shier )Ann表现的很不友好。与其说她不友好，不如说她害羞。.比较的对象不能互相包容，常见的句型是：any other +单数名词all (the) other

16、+ 复数名词比较级 + than + anyone elseany of the other + 复数名词the rest of +复数名词或不可数名词如： The Mississippi River is longer thanany other river in the United States.密西西比河比美国其他任何一条河都长。any other country in Asia中国比亚洲任何别的国家都大China is larger thanany country in Africa中国比非洲任何国家都大.比较的对象应该相同。如：The climate here is warmer

17、than that of Shanghai 。这里的气候比上海的好。The radios made in our factory are better thanthose (made) in your factory 。我们工厂生产的收音机比你们厂的好。.注意比较结构中的省略现象她比我高3英寸。What do you think of the film第页33ie 5页在日常交际中，彼此都明白的比较对象往往省略。如：I have never seen a better one。（后边省略了 than this film为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。Tom s composition ,

18、 if not better than , is at least as good as Jack s。(后边省略了 composition ) 这种省略现象制造了一定的障碍，在高考题中出现频率较高，应引起足够的重视。.貌似比较级的一些固定习惯用语In no country other than Britain can one experience four seasons in the course of a singleday.只有在英国，人们才可能在一天中经历四个季节。(noother than 只有，正是。它常用来加强语气，多用于书面语。)More than one student w

19、as given away a ticket to the concert.不止发给了一个学生去听音乐会的票。3) His whole school education added up to no more than (= only) one year.他所受过的学校教育加起来仅仅一年。He prefers to stay at home rather than go to the cinema.他宁愿待在家里，也不愿意去看电影。He is far more pleased at the news.听到那个消息，他极其高兴。(三)最高级. 最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far , n

20、early , almost , by no means , not really , not quite ,noting like 。如：The bridge being built now is by far the largest across the Yellow River 。目前在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的。I d like to buy the second most expensive camera。我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。.否定词+比较级=最高级。如：There is no greater love than that of a man who lays dow

21、n his life for his friends。He has never spend a more worrying day。他度过了最担心的一天。易错知识总结(一)表示倍数的几个句型 times as +形容词/副词原级 + as times + 形容词/副词比较级 + than times + the +性质名词 + of The + 名词 + be + times + that/those ofThe + 名词 + be + times + what 从句如： At a rough estimate , Nigeria is three times the size of Grea

22、t Britain 。=At a rough estimate , Nigeria is three times as big as Great Britain 。=At a rough estimate , Nigeria is twice bigger than Great Britain 。粗略估算，尼日利亚的面积是大不列颠的三倍。The output of this year is 3 times that of 2007.=The output of this year is3 times what it was in 2007.今年的产量是 2007年的3倍。After the n

23、ew technique was introduced , the factory produced twice as many tractors in 1988 as the year before 。自从新技术被引进以后，这家工厂1988年生产的拖拉机是上一年的2倍。(一)表示不定数量的常用表达与名词的搭配关系修饰可数名词的有( a) few, fewer , (the) fewest , several , (a good) many, a (great/large/small ) number of , hundreds of , dozens of , scores of , tho

24、usands of 等； 修饰不可数名词的有 a bit of , (a) little , less , a great deal of , a large amount of , (the) least , much等。修饰可数或不可数名词的有 all , a lot of , lots of , enough, plenty of , masses of , a large quantity of , large quantities of ,v1.0可编辑可修改第页5奘5页more, most, some, any 等。如:辛勤工作一天后，他筋疲力尽。Plenty of foreign

25、 firmshave set up factories hereThe book is deadly dull.许多外国公司已在此设厂。这本书非常枯燥。Quantities of foodwere spend out on the tableThe birds are flyinghigh .许多食品被摊在了桌子上。鸟儿正高飞。(二)具有两种形式的副词He is a highly skilled worker.英语中有的副词兼有两种形式：一种是与形容词同形；另一种是在该形容词后面加副词词缀-ly构成。这他是一个非常熟练的工人。两种形式的副词在词义和用法上有一定的差异，有的甚至完全不同。He has been workinglate .常见的这类副词有：direct 径直地，directly 恰好；free自由地、免费地，freely自由自