2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号26

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题There are countries in which unnecessary poverty prevails because the people as a whole are unaware of methods whereby it can be relieved. There are vast tracts of land, abandoned or（1） cultivated, which could suppo

2、rt a thriving community if full use were（2）the knowledge and skill of scientists. There are innumerable people suffering from disease which can be cured, and from which,（3）following simple scientific rules of hygiene, they need never again suffer. There are vast storehouses of natural power, such as

3、 the wind, waterfalls and the heat of the sun, which science can show how to（4）for the relief of human hard work and for raising the（5）of living. The possibilities are enormous.But the difficulties in the way of effecting a change for the（6）are not less enormous and are often overlooked. The full be

4、nefits of science can（7）be gained with the cooperation of the people in need of assistance. That cooperation is regrettably ineffective（8）the people also have some understanding of the means used. A sterilized (经过消毒的) bandage brings no cure to an infected wound. Farm machinery, broken（9）and neglecte

5、d for lack of skilled mechanics, can be a source of ruin than of profit. If the methods recommended by the scientist are（10）by those who have some knowledge of science, then great benefit can follow. But if that understanding of cooperation is in lack, then frustration is added to poverty.问题1选项A.onc

6、eB.sometimesC.regularlyD.never问题2选项A.adopted byB.made ofC.resulted inD.originated from问题3选项A.inB.whileC.byD.upon问题4选项A.harnessB.imitateC.implementD.propel问题5选项A.levelB.standardC.conditionD.circumstance问题6选项A.betterB.improvementC.advanceD.progress问题7选项A.onlyB.alsoC.evenD.never问题8选项A.unlessB.untilC.if

7、D.even问题9选项A.upB.downC.outD.off问题10选项A.manipulatedB.appliedC.possessedD.designated【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B第6题:A第7题:A第8题:A第9题:B第10题:B【解析】第1题:考查词义辨析。A项once“曾经”，B项sometimes“有时”，C项regularly“定期地，有规律地”，D项never“从不”。根据句子There are vast tracts of land, abandoned or（ ） cultivated（有大片的土地，被遗弃或耕地）可知，or后面的部分和

8、abandon的意思是相等并列的，空格后面是cultivated，那么前面应该填入一个表示否定的词语，只有never符合。句意：这里有大片被遗弃或从未耕种过的土地。因此，该题选择D项正确。第2题:考查固定搭配。A项adopted by“被采纳/收养”，B项make of“了解”，C项result in“导致”，D项originate from“发源于”。根据句子which could support a thriving community if full use were（ ）knowledge and skill of scientists（如果充分利用科学家的知识和技能，就能够支持一个繁

9、荣的社区）可知，make full use of固定搭配，表示“充分利用”。句意：如果充分利用科学家的知识和技能，有大片被遗弃或从未耕种过的土地可以支撑一个繁荣的社区。因此，该题选择B项正确。第3题:考查介词辨析。A项in“在里”，B项while“当，尽管”，C项by“通过”，D项upon“在之上”。根据句子There are innumerable people suffering from disease which can be cured, and from which,（ ）following simple scientific rules of hygiene, they need

10、 never again suffer.（有无数的人患有可以治愈的疾病，而从这些疾病，遵循简单的卫生科学规则，他们永远不需要再遭受痛苦）可知，by doing sth.表示“通过做某事”，C项符合。句意：有数不清的人患有可以治愈的疾病，只要遵循简单的卫生科学规则，他们就再也不必遭受痛苦。因此，该题选择C项正确。第4题:考查动词辨析。A项harness“治理，利用”，B项imitate“模仿，仿造”，C项implement“实施，执行”，D项propel“推进，驱使”。根据句子There are vast storehouses of natural powerwhich science can

11、 show how to（ ）for the relief of human hard work（有很多自然力量科学可以告诉我们如何通过这些能源来减轻人类的辛苦）可知，只有A项符合句意。因此，该题选择A项正确。第5题:考查固定搭配。A项level“水平”，B项standard“标准”，C项condition“条件，情况”，D项circumstance“环境，状况”。根据句子and for raising the（ ）of living. The possibilities are enormous（为了提高生活水平）可知，standard of living是固定搭配，表示“生活水平”。因此，

12、该题选择B项正确。第6题:考查固定搭配。A项better“更好”，B项improvement“提高，改善”，C项advance“发展，前进”，D项progress“进步，发展”。根据句子“But the difficulties in the way of effecting a change for the（ ）are not less enormous and are often overlooked”可知，change for the better是固定搭配，表示“好转，改善”。句意：但要想改变现状，取得进步，困难并不小，而且常常被忽视。因此，该题选择A项正确。第7题:考查词义辨析。A项

13、only“仅，只有”，B项also“也”，C项even“甚至”，D项never“从未”。根据句子“The full benefits of science can（ ）be gained with the cooperation of the people in need of assistance.”可知，with the cooperation of the people in need of assistance（与需要帮助的人合作）是发挥科技的唯一条件，因此只有only符合。句意：科学的全部益处只有在需要帮助的人们的合作中才能获得。因此，该题选择A项正确。第8题:考查条件状语从句。A项

14、unless“除非”，B项until“直到”，C项if“如果”，D项even“甚至”。根据句子“That cooperation is regrettably ineffective（ ）the people also have some understanding of the means used.”可知，这是一个条件状语从句，排除B、D选项；C选项是表示“假设的条件”，因此只有A选项符合。句意：令人遗憾的是，除非人民对所使用的手段也有一些了解，否则这种合作是无效的。因此，该题选择A项正确。第9题:考查固定搭配。A项up“向上”，break up表示“打碎，解散”；B项down“向下”，b

15、reak down表示“分解，发生故障”；C项out“出现，向外”，break out表示“爆发”；D项off“离开，脱落”，break off表示“折断，突然停止”。根据句子“Farm machinery, broken（ ）and neglected for lack of skilled mechanics, can be a source of ruin than of profit.”，空格前面有machinery（机器），可知只有B选项符合，表示“机器故障”。句意：农业机械由于缺乏熟练的机械师而被损坏和忽视，与其说是利润的来源，还不如说是毁灭的来源。因此，该题选择B选项正确。第10

16、题:考查词义辨析。A项manipulate“操纵，操作”，B项apply“应用”，C项possess“拥有”，D项designate“指定，指派”。根据句子“If the methods recommended by the scientist are（ ）by those who have some knowledge of science”，把四个选项分别代入，只有B项符合。句意：如果科学家推荐的方法被那些有一些科学知识的人应用。因此，该题选择B项正确。2.单选题The presidential candidate（ ）his position by winning several pri

17、mary elections.问题1选项A.enforcedB.enrichedC.intensifiedD.consolidated【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A项enforce“实施，执行，强制”，B项enrich“使充实，使肥沃”，C项intensify“增加，强化”，D项consolidate“巩固，加强”。根据后面的his position by winning several primary elections（通过赢得几次初选而获得职位）可知，空格部分表示“巩固”。句意：这位总统候选人通过赢得几次初选巩固了自己的地位。故该题选择D项正确。3.翻译题In this book,

18、we offer advice that we hope will seem reasonable and worth serious consideration. But as any experienced writer knows, there are occasions when even the best advice may not apply. The demands of writing for different audiences, with different purposes, on different subjects, at different levels of

19、formality are so varied that they cannot begin to be anticipated in a book like this, and we recognize that what is appropriate for one piece of writing may not be appropriate for another. In most cases, you will have to avoid ambiguity at all costs so as not to leave your words open to misinterpret

20、ation.【答案】答：在本书中，我们提供了一些建议，我们希望这些建议看起来是合理并值得认真考虑的。但正如任何有经验的作家都知道的那样，在某些情况下，即使是最好的建议也可能不适用。写作要针对不同的读者，有不同的目的，有不同的题材，语言的正式程度也不同，所有提出的这一切的要求本书是无法预见到的。我们认识到适合一篇文章的东西不一定适合另一篇文章。在大多数情况下，你必须不惜一切代价避免含糊不清，目的是防止人们随意曲解你使用的文字。4.单选题The country carried on nuclear tests without feeling apprehensive about the conse

21、quences.问题1选项A.optimisticB.anxiousC.uncertainD.scared【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。apprehensive表示“忧虑的，不安的”；A项optimistic“乐观的”，B项anxious“焦虑的”，C项uncertain“不确定的”，D项scared“害怕的”。句意：这个国家进行了核试验，并不担心其后果。根据句意可知，选择B项正确。5.翻译题许多人觉得跟计算机打交道比跟人打交道更自在。计算机更有耐心，不会对操作的人评头论足。许多学生向教师请教的时候，总会感到紧张，他们乐于向计算机提问。有些病人更愿意向计算机而不是向医生说明自己的病情，甚至

22、出现了能够解决心理问题的计算机程序，因为许多人觉得与别人讨论自己的心理问题不太自在。【答案】答：Many people feel that its more comfortable to deal with computers than with people. They will not feel judged because the computer is more patient. Many students feel nervous when they ask teachers for advice, so they are more willing to turn to comput

23、ers. Some patients prefer to explain their illness to a computer rather than a doctor. As a result, there are even computer programs that can deal with psychological problems, because many feel uncomfortable discussing their psychological problems with others.6.单选题The prospect of increased prices ha

24、s already（ ）worries.问题1选项A.provokedB.irritatedC.inspiredD.hoisted【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项provoke“引起，挑起，煽动”，B项irritate“使兴奋，激怒”，C项inspire“激发，鼓舞”，D项hoist“升起，举起”。根据空格前后关键词prospect of increased prices（价格上升的前景）和worries（担忧）可知，空格部分表示“引起”。句意：价格上涨的前景已经引发了担忧。故该题选择A项正确。7.单选题If you become reconciled to your lot, you w

25、ill never get a new start in life.问题1选项A.submissiveB.resistantC.tolerableD.committed【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。reconcile表示“和解，调节”；A项submissive“顺从的，服从的”，B项resistant“抵抗的，反抗的”，C项tolerable“可以容忍的”，D项committed“坚定的，忠诚的”。句意：如果你甘心于自己的命运，你将永远无法重新开始生活。根据句意可知A项正确。8.单选题These illegal immigrants have to work long hours a da

26、y despite the appalling working conditions.问题1选项A.bewilderingB.exasperatingC.dismayingD.upsetting【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。appalling表示“可怕的，令人震惊的”；A项bewildering“使人困惑的”，B项exasperating“使人恼怒的”，C项dismaying“令人震惊的，令人惊恐的”，D项upsetting“令人心烦意乱的”。句意：尽管工作条件恶劣，这些非法移民每天还是得工作很长时间。根据句意可知，选择C项正确。9.单选题The little girl felt incr

27、easingly uneasy while waiting for her mother at the bus-stop.问题1选项A.difficultB.excitedC.relievedD.restless【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。uneasy表示“不容易的”；A项difficult“困难的”，B项excited“激动人心的”，C项relieved“感到宽慰的，放心的”，D项restless“焦躁不安的，不安宁的”。句意：小女孩在公共汽车站等妈妈时感到越来越不安。根据句意可知D项正确。10.单选题If Mr. Bassett fails again, the opponents

28、will drive a hard bargain for cooperation with the Union.问题1选项A.discountB.plungeC.negotiationD.registration【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。bargain表示“交易，便宜货”；A项discount“折扣”，B项plunge“突然跌落，骤降”，C项negotiation“谈判”，D项registration“登记，注册”。句意：如果巴西特再次失败，反对派将为与工会合作而讨价还价。根据句意可知，只有C项意思与之相近，故该题选择C项正确。11.单选题Hamilton hoped for a na

29、tion of cities while Jefferson contended that the country should remain chiefly agricultural问题1选项A.inclinedB.struggledC.arguedD.competed【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。contend表示“主张，斗争”；A项incline“倾向于”，B项struggle“奋斗，斗争”，C项argue“争论，辩论”，D项compete“竞争，比赛”。句意：汉密尔顿希望国家是由城市组成的，而杰斐逊则主张国家应以农业为主。根据句意可知，选择C项正确。12.单选题New York pr

30、obably has the largest number of different language（ ）in the world.问题1选项A.neighborhoodsB.communitiesC.clustersD.assemblies【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A项neighborhood“街坊，街区”，B项community“社区，共同体，团体”，C项cluster“群，簇”，D项assembly“装配，集合”；根据空格前面的different language（不同的语言），结合句子的语境，只有B项符合。句意：纽约可能是世界上不同语言社区数量最多的城市。因此，该题选择B项正确

31、。13.单选题Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off.问题1选项A.more wealthytB.less successfultC.dismissed earliertD.favorably positioned【答案】D【解析】考查词语辨析。主语是students （学生），根据句子语境推测better off表示“表现好，排名靠前”；A项wealthy“富有的”，它的比较级形式是wealthier；B项less successful“不太成功”，C项dismiss

32、ed earlier“更早淘汰”，D项favorably positioned“很好的排名，排名靠前”。句意：那些为考试做了充分准备的学生排名靠前。根据句意可知D项正确。14.单选题The day is past when the country can afford to give high school diploma to all who（ ）six years of instruction.问题1选项A.set aboutB.run forC.sit throughD.make for【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A项set about“着手，开始做”，B项run for“竞选，匆匆

33、去取”，C项sit through“一直挺到结束，耐着性子看完”，D项make for“导致，有助于”。前文提到“国家为所有人提供高中文凭的日子已经过去了”，根据后文的six years of instruction（6年教育）可推测空格处表示“一直读完六年结束”。句意：国家能够负担得起给所有接受了6年教育的人颁发高中文凭的日子已经过去了。因此，该题C项正确。15.单选题What goes on in the mind of a one-year-old child is anyones guess.问题1选项A.unknownB.what anybody can guess?C.known

34、to allD.nothing new【答案】A【解析】考查词义辨析。anyones guess表示“任何人的猜测”；A项unknown“不知道的”，B项what anybody can guess?“大家能猜出什么？”，C项known to all“人尽皆知”，D项nothing new“屡见不鲜，了无新意”。句意：谁都不知道一个一岁的孩子在想什么。根据句意可知，anyones guess在句子中表示“谁也不知道”；故该题选择A项正确。16.单选题A farmer must learn the kinds of crops best（ ）the soils on his farm.问题1选项

35、A.accustomed toB.committed toC.applied toD.suited to【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A项accustom to“习惯于”，B项commit to“把投入，交付”，C项apply to“适用于，应用于”，D项suit to“适合于”。句意：农民必须了解最适合他农场土壤的作物种类。四个选项中，只有suit to最合适；因此，该题D项正确。17.单选题For years, a network of citizens groups and scientific bodies has been claiming that science of glob

36、al warming is inconclusive. But who funded them?Exxons involvement is well known. ExxonMobil is the worlds most profitable corporation. It makes most of its money from oil, and has more to lose than any other company from efforts to tackle climate change. To safeguard its profits, ExxonMobil needs t

37、o sow doubt about whether serious action needs to be taken on climate change. But there are difficulties: if must confront a scientific consensus as strong as that which maintains that smoking causes lung cancer or that HIV causes Aids. So whats its strategy?The website E, using data found in the co

38、mpanys official documents, lists 124 organizations that have taken money from the company or work closely with those that have. These organizations take a consistent line on climate change: that the science is contradictory, the scientists are split, environmentalists are liars or lunatics, and if g

39、overnments took action to prevent global warming, they would be endangering the global economy for no good reason. The findings these organizations dislike are labeled “junk science”. The findings they welcome are labeled “sound science”.This is not to claim that all the science these groups champio

40、n is bogus. On the whole, they use selection, not invention. They will find one contradictory studysuch as the discovery of tropospheric (对流层的) coolingand promote it relentlessly. They will continue to do so long after it has been disproved by further work. So, for example, John Christy, the author

41、of the troposphere paper, admitted in August 2005 that his figures were incorrect, yet his initial findings are still being circulated and championed by many of these groups, as a quick internet search will show you.While they have been most effective in the United States, the impacts of the climate

42、-change deniers sponsored by Exxon have been felt all over the world. By dominating the media debate on climate change during seven or eight critical years in which urgent international talks should have been taking place, by constantly seeding doubt about the science just as it should have been mos

43、t persuasive, they have justified the money their sponsors have spent on them many times over.1. Which of the following has NOT been done by the organizations to establish their position on climate change?2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to “bogus” (in Paragraph 4)?3. John Christy is

44、mentioned to show（ ）.4. The organizations sponsored by Exxon（ ）.5. The passage is mainly focused on（ ）.问题1选项A.Damaging the reputation of environmentalists.tB.Emphasizing the lack of consensus among scientists.tC.Stressing the unnecessary harm to tile global economy.tD.Protecting the scientific disco

45、veries from being misused.t问题2选项A.Reasonable.tB.Fake.tC.Limitless.tD.Inconsistent.t问题3选项A.how closely these organizations work with scientiststB.how these organizations select scientific findings for their own purposetC.how important correct data are for scientists to make sound discoveriestD.how on

46、e mans mistake may set back the progress of sciencet问题4选项A.have lived up to their promisestB.have almost caused worldwide chaostC.have failed to achieve their original goaltD.have misunderstood the request of the sponsort问题5选项A.Exxons involvement in scientific scandalstB.Exxons contributions to the

47、issue of climate changetC.Exxons role in delaying solutions to global warmingtD.Exxons efforts to promote more scientific discoveries【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节判断题。题干意思是“以下哪项是这些组织在确定其对气候变化的立场时没有做过的？”。文章的第三段提到These organizations take a consistent line on climate change: that the science i

48、s contradictory, the scientists are split, environmentalists are liars or lunatics, and if governments took action to prevent global warming, they would be endangering the global economy for no good reason.（这些组织在气候变化问题上的立场是一致的：科学是矛盾的，科学家是分裂的，环保主义者是骗子或疯子，如果政府采取行动阻止全球变暖，他们将在没有充分理由的情况下危害全球经济），由此可知A项“破坏

49、环保主义者的声誉”、B项“强调科学家之间缺乏共识”和C项“强调对全球经济的不必要伤害”都属于这些组织在确定其对气候变化的立场时的说辞，只有D项“保护科学发现不被滥用”没有提及。因此，该题选择D项正确。第2题:语义推测题。题干意思是“下列哪项在意思上最接近第四段的bogus？”。根据题干定位到第四段第一句This is not to claim that all the science these groups champion is bogus.（这并不是说这些团体支持的所有科学都是bogus）可知，这句话是上文的承接句，上文最后一句话指出The findings these organiza

50、tions dislike are labeled “junk science”. The findings they welcome are labeled “sound science”.（这些商业组织不喜欢的研究结果被贴上了“垃圾科学”的标签，他们欢迎的发现被贴上了“可靠科学”的标签），后文又提到On the whole, they use selection, not invention.（总的来说，他们使用的是选择，而不是发明），由此可推测并不是这些组织支持的所有的科学都是假的，故B项“虚假的”符合题意。A项“合理的”、C项“无限制的”和D项“不一致的”都不与bogus的含义相近。因

51、此，该题选择B项正确。第3题:细节判断题。题干意思是“提到克里斯蒂是为了表示”。根据题干定位到文章第四段，第二句和第三句指出On the whole, they use selection, not invention. They will find one contradictory studysuch as the discovery of tropospheric (对流层的) coolingand promote it relentlessly.（总的来说，他们使用的是选择，而不是发明；他们会发现一个相互矛盾的研究，比如对流层冷却的发现，并坚持不懈地挖掘它），由此推断，后文引用克里斯蒂

52、的例子是为了说明这些组织出于自己的目的选择科学研究课题，故B项“这些组织如何为他们自己的目的选择科学发现”符合题意。A项“这些组织与科学家的合作有多密切”，内容不符合原文；C项“正确的数据对于科学家做出可靠的发现是多么重要”和D项“一个人的错误可能会阻碍科学的进步”文章没有提及。因此，该题选择B项正确。第4题:细节推理题。题干意思是“由埃克森赞助的组织”。文章最后一句话提到By dominating the media debate on climate change during seven or eight critical years in which urgent internatio

53、nal talks should have been taking place, by constantly seeding doubt about the science just as it should have been most persuasive, they have justified the money their sponsors have spent on them many times over.（在本应举行紧急国际谈判的七八年关键时期，通过主导媒体有关气候变化的辩论，通过不断播撒对科学的怀疑，就像它应该是最有说服力的一样，他们已经证明了赞助商在他们身上花费的金钱是合理

54、的），由此可推断，埃克森赞助的组织最终还是兑现了他们的承诺，和公司在应对气候变化问题上处于一致的立场，故A项“履行了他们诺言”符合题意。B项“几乎引起了世界范围的混乱”和D项“误解了主办者的要求”没有提到；C项“没有达到他们原来的目标”，内容与原文不符。因此，该题选择A项正确。第5题:主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章主要关于”。本文主要讲在应对全球变暖等环境问题上，大公司埃克森所做的一切措施来维护自身经济利益。文章第一段提到For years, a network of citizens groups and scientific bodies has been claiming that s

55、cience of global warming is inconclusive. But who funded them?（多年来，一个由公民团体和科学机构组成的网络一直声称全球变暖的科学是不确定的，但是谁资助的呢？）和文章最后一段提到While they have been most effective in the United States（虽然他们这一招在美国是最有效的），由此可以推断，埃克森美孚公司在解决全球变暖的问题上发挥了作用，故C项“埃克森在拖延全球变暖解决方案方面的作用”符合题意。A项“埃克森卷入科学丑闻”和D项“埃克森推动更多科学发现的努力”文中没有提到；B项“埃克森对气

56、候变化问题的贡献”，文章第二段指出To safeguard its profits, ExxonMobil needs to sow doubt about whether serious action needs to be taken on climate change.（为了保护自己的利润，埃克森美孚需要散播怀疑，是否需要对气候变化采取严格的行动），由此可知，埃克森美孚为了保护自己的利益，而散播谣言阻止气候变化措施的实行，B项错误。因此，该题选择C项正确。18.单选题As an important（ ）for our emotions and ideas, music can play

57、a huge role in our life.问题1选项A.vesselB.vestC.ventureD.vehicle【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A项vessel“船，器皿”，B项vest“背心，汗衫”，C项venture“冒险旅行”，D项vehicle“车辆，交通工具，运载工具”。后文提到“音乐在生活中发挥重要作用”，根据前文的our emotion and ideas（我们的情感和思想）可知空格处表示“载体”。句意：作为情感和思想的重要载体，音乐在我们的生活中扮演着重要的角色。因此，该题D项正确。19.单选题Material culture refers to the toucha

58、ble, material “things”physical objects that can be seen, held, felt, usedthat a culture produces. Examining a cultures tools and technology can tell us about the groups history and ways of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music-culture. The m

59、ost vivid body of “things” in it, of course, is musical instrument. We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph (留声机) was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music-cultures in the remote past and their

60、development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can out