2022年考研考博-考博英语-陕西师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号30

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-陕西师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题All individuals are required to_to the laws made by their governments.问题1选项A.abideB.conformC.concedeD.observe【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项abide“接受，遵照”，后面常接介词by；B选项conform“顺从，遵守，符合”；C选项concede“承认，允许”；D选项observe“观察”，observe表示“遵

2、守”时，是及物动词，不与to搭配。根据the laws可知B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：所有人都必须遵守本国政府制定的法律。2.单选题There are several possible explanations for the great job stability in South Korea the great mobility in the United States.问题1选项A.contrary toB.in regard toC.in contrast toD.with respect to【答案】C【解析】短语搭配题。A选项contrary to与相反，违反；B选项in regar

3、d to关于；C选项in contrast to 与形成对比；D选项with respect to关于，至于。句意：与美国巨大的流动性相比，朝鲜在好工作上的稳定性有几种可能的解释。根据句意和搭配，正确答案为C项。3.单选题Our hospital has an affiliation with the medical school of the City University.问题1选项A.organizationB.administrationC.connectionD.cooperation【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项organization n.组织，团体，机构；B选项ad

4、ministration n.管理，行政机构；C选项 connection n.连接，关系，人脉；D选项cooperation n.合作，协作。句意：我们医院和城市大学医学院有良好的合作关系。因此，D项为正确答案。4.单选题Many of his arguments have no pertinence to the subject under discussion.问题1选项A.significanceB.valueC.relevanceD.enlightenment【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项significance n.重要性，意义；B选项value n.价值，重要性；C选

5、项 relevance n.关联，适当，中肯；D选项enlightenment n.启迪，启蒙运动。句意表明：他的很多观点都与正在讨论的议题无关。因此本题选择C项。5.单选题The kings daughter threatened to drink the chemical if he refused her request.问题1选项A.deadlyB.deathlyC.fatalD.mortal【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：国王的女儿威胁国王说，如果不同意她的要求，就喝下毒药。A选项deadly adj.致命地，非常地，表示致死的可能性极大，用于能引起死亡的事物，如：a d

6、eadly disease是通常会致死的疾病。B选项deathly adj.死一般的，让人想到死亡的，如：a deathly silence死一般的寂静。fatal强调命运或必然性，用来形容导致毁灭，灾难，死亡的潜在或实际原因。在预测未来时，多用fatal。而mortal 是死亡已经发生或一定会发生，因此该词只用于事实上已经引起死亡或即将引起死亡的事物。此处是表示“致命的东西”，因此，A项是正确答案。6.单选题To major in astrophysics you need an extra math course.问题1选项A.To get higher grades in astroph

7、ysics.B.To finish your astrophysics paper.C.To specialize in astrophysics.D.To better understand the astrophysics course.【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。题目中major in表示“主修；专攻”，A选项为“在天体物理学上取得更高的成就”；B选项为“完成你的天体物理学论文”；C选项为“以天体物理学为专业；专攻天体物理学”；D选项为“更好地了解天体物理学课程”。句意：要主修天体物理学，你就得再选择一个数学课。因此，正确答案是C项。7.单选题The high court r

8、eversed the decision of the lower court because the ruling_the defendant his right.问题1选项A.refusedB.declinedC.deniedD.ignored【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项 refuse“拒绝”，其后接名词、代词或不定式；B选项decline“下降，谢绝，婉言拒绝”；C选项deny“否认，拒绝给予”，deny sb. sth.表示“拒绝给予某人某物”；D选项ignore“忽视，不顾”。根据从句中的宾语the defendant his right可知选C。句意：高等法院推翻了下级法

9、院的裁决，因为该裁决剥夺了被告的权利。8.单选题The scientists at the University of Bern in Switzerland have used a weakened virus that is not_ and has proved safe and effective.问题1选项A.infectiousB.harmfulC.dangerousD.invading【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项infectious“传染性的，感染的”；B选项harmful“有害的，导致损害的”；C选项dangerous“危险的”；D选项invading为动词inva

10、de（侵入，侵略）的现在分词。根据virus与has proved safe and effective可知A选项符合语义。句意：瑞士伯尔尼大学的科学家们使用了一种弱病毒，这种病毒不具传染性，而且已被证明是安全有效的。9.单选题Your analogy was not a good one because the two situations are not similar.问题1选项A.comparisonB.categorizationC.classificationD.cognition【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项comparison n.比较，对照；B选项categori

11、zation n.分类，分门别类，编目方法；C选项 classification n.等级，类别；D选项cognition n.认识，辨识，认识能力。根据句意可知A项符合题意。句意：你的类比不是一个好例子，因为这两种情况并不相同。10.单选题Another of the social sciences relying upon research is anthropology, the study of human beings and their culture. Anthropological theories also result from investigation into the

12、 characteristics of people and their products, which contributes to a better understanding of the patterns of human behaviors. In their systematic examination, researchers in all branches of anthropology follow the same basic steps. The method called participant observation is most widespread, altho

13、ugh other techniques are used as well. At first, the anthropologist enters a community to gather information from members of their community through observations and conversations. The field worker takes copious notes and, later on, begins to pose hypotheses from these that will form the basis of fu

14、rther research. After specific hypotheses have been developed, the researcher gathers information to lest them, often in the form of surveys or recorded interviews. Finally, the anthropologist organizes will the information and evaluates the hypotheses in light of the data. The conclusions often for

15、m the basis of articles for scientific journals, books and lectures.1. The paragraph preceding this passage most likely discusses（）.2. According to the passage, investigation into human traits leads to（）.3. In line 9, the italicized word “copious” most closely means（）.4. According to the passage, wh

16、at is the first step in the participant observation method?5. In the line 10, the italicized word “these” refers to which of the following?问题1选项A.other social science fieldsB.the origin of anthropologyC.research in another social scienceD.branches of anthropology问题2选项A.refinements in human productsB

17、.better awareness of patterns in human conductC.systematic examination of all anthropological fieldsD.constant adjustments to the steps of basic research问题3选项A.ampleB.preliminaryC.outlinedD.specific问题4选项A.Selecting a community to studyB.Developing specific hypothesesC.Organizing and evaluating dataD

18、.Observing and conserving with community members问题5选项A.hypothesesB.observationsC.notesD.conversations【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段“Another of the social sciences relying upon research is anthropology.”可知，另一个依靠研究的社会科学是人类学，说明前文应该已经提到过一种社会科学，因此，A项为正确答案。2.细节事实题。通过原文第一段“Anthropological

19、theories also result from investigation into the characteristics of people and their products, which contributes to a better understanding of the patterns of human behaviors.”可知，这种研究有助于更好地理解人类行为的模式，which应指代前文中“人类学是对人类特征的研究”这一内容，因此，B项为正确答案。3.词汇题。由原文第二段可知，这种方法的基本步骤包括：首先进入社区，通过观察和交流，收集社区成员信息。然后，从这些能成为进

20、一步研究基础的笔记中提出假设。因此，根据逻辑意义可知，调查研究需要基于大量的事实数据。因此，A项“大量的；丰富的”与“note”最为恰当，copious notes表示“详细的笔记”，故正确答案为A。4.细节事实题。根据原文第二段“At first, the anthropologist enters a community to gather information from members of their community through observations and conversations. ”可知，调查研究的第一步是进入社区，通过观察和交流，收集社区成员的信息。因此，D项是

21、正确答案。5.词汇题。分析these所在句The field worker takes copious notes and, later on, begins to pose hypotheses from these that will form the basis of further research.可知，工作人员做了大量的笔记，然后，从这些能成为进一步研究基础的笔记中提出假设。所以，these指代的应是前文中的copious notes，故正确答案是C项。11.单选题（）regular training in nursing, she could hardly cope with t

22、he work at first.问题1选项A.Not receivedB.Since receivingC.Having receivedD.Not having received【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。题干中hardly常与否定搭配表示肯定，而且非谓语部分逻辑主语与句子主语一致。因此，根据句意和搭配可知，本题A项正确。句意：由于没有经过专门的护理培训，她起初很难适应工作。12.单选题The way in which people use social space reflects their social relationships and their ethnic identi

23、ty. Early immigrants to America from Europe brought with them a collective style of living, which they retained until late in the 18th century. Historical records document a group-oriented existence, in which one room was used for eating, entertaining guests, and sleeping. People ate soups from a co

24、mmunal pot, shared drinking cups, and used a common pit toilet. With the development of ideas about individualism, people soon began to shift to the use of individual cups and plates; the eating of meals that included meat, bread, and vegetables served on separate plates; and the use of private toil

25、ets. They began to build their houses with separate rooms to entertain guests-living rooms, separate bedrooms for sleeping, separate work areaskitchen, laundry room, and separate bathrooms.In Mexico, the meaning and organization of domestic space is strikingly different. Houses are organized around

26、a patio, or courtyard. Rooms open onto the patio, where all kinds of domestic activities take place. Individuals do not have separate bedrooms. Children often sleep with parents, and brothers or sisters share a bed, emphasizing familial interdependence. Rooms in Mexican houses are locations for mult

27、iple activities that, in contrast, are rigidly separated in the United States.1. Changes in living styles among early immigrants were initially brought about by_.2. Which of the following is NOT discussed in the passage?问题1选项A.rising living standardsB.new conceptsC.new customsD.new designs of houses

28、问题2选项A.Their concepts of domestic spaceB.Their social relationships.C.The functions of their rooms.D.The layout of their houses.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A【解析】1.考查细节事实题。由文章一段中的With the development of ideas about individualism, people soon began to shift to the use of individual cups and plates（随着个人主义思想的发展，人们很快开始

29、转向使用单独的杯子和盘子）可知“个人主义思想”是一种新的观念，改变了人们的生活方式，因此选B。2.细节事实题。文章第一段中的The way in which people use social space reflects their social relationships and their ethnic identity.（人们使用社会空间的方式反映了他们的社会关系和民族认同）与B选项对应，in which one room was used for eating, entertaining guests, and sleeping（其中一个房间用来吃饭、招待客人和睡觉）与C选项对应，T

30、hey began to build their houses with separate rooms to entertain guests-living rooms, separate bedrooms for sleeping, separate work areaskitchen, laundry room, and separate bathrooms（他们开始建造自己的房子，有单独的房间来招待客、睡觉和工作厨房、洗衣房和浴室）与D选项对应。通过排除法排除B、C、D选项，因此选A。13.翻译题Translate the following passage into English.“

31、孩子是上天送给成人的天使；宠物是成人送给孩子的天使。”宠物可以成为孩子很好的伙伴：他们与孩子玩耍，同时也与孩子进行着感情的交流。孩子可以对他们倾诉自己的心事，因为他们是最好的倾诉者；孩子受到父母的训斥或别人的嘲笑时，这些默默无闻的听者可以带给他们关怀和安慰；孩子生病时，宠物可以陪伴他们，给他们抚慰和鼓励帮助他们勇于面对困难，自强不息。【答案】Children are the angels of adults given by god; pets are the angels of children given by adults. Pets can be childrens good frie

32、nds. They play with children, as well as exchange emotional feelings with them at the same time. Children can tell their own worries to pets for they are the best audient. When children are rebuked by parents or laughed at by others, these silent listeners can bring them care and comfort. Pets can k

33、eep children company when they are ill, giving them comfort and encouraging them to face difficulties and constantly striving to become stronger.14.单选题The distinction between second and foreign language learning can cause confusion in the field of second language acquisition (SLA), which is the sub-

34、discipline of applied linguistics that aims to understand how people learn a second language and the factors that affect their language learning. SLA research not only examines second language learning, but also any foreign, third or fourth language learning. Due to the complexity of language learni

35、ng, we see that the SLA literature often treat additional language and foreign language learning in the same second language acquisition framework. Of course, we know that learning a third language is not necessarily the same as learning a second language. A more solid theoretical framework for thir

36、d or fourth language acquisition will eventually emerge as more research is conducted.1. Which of the following is the sub-discipline of applied linguistics?2. Which of the following is correct?3. Which of the following is correct?4. A more solid theoretical framework for third or fourth language ac

37、quisition will eventually emerge as more research is conducted because_.5. Which of the following will serve as the best title for the passage?问题1选项A.The distinction between second and foreign language learning.B.The second language.C.The foreign language.D.Second language acquisition.问题2选项A.SLA res

38、earch examines second language learning, some foreign, third or fourth language learning.B.SLA research examines second language learning, any foreign, third or fourth language learning.C.SLA research examines foreign language learning.D.SLA research examines first language learning.问题3选项A.Additiona

39、l language and foreign language learning should be treated in the same second language acquisition frameworkB.Additional language and foreign language learning should not be treated in the same second language acquisition framework.C.Additional language and foreign language learning have been treate

40、d differently in second language acquisition frameworkD.Additional language and foreign language learning have not been treated in different second language acquisition framework问题4选项A.the SLA literature often treats additional language and foreign language learning in the same second language acqui

41、sition frameworkB.the SLA literature often treats additional language and foreign language learning in different second language acquisition framework.C.learning a third language is necessarily the same as learning a second language.D.learning a third language is not necessarily the same as learning

42、 a second language问题5选项A.Inside SLAB.Outside SLAC.Future of SLAD.The third language and SLA【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章中的The distinction between second and foreign language learning can cause confusion in the field of second language acquisition (SLA), which is the sub-discipline of

43、applied linguistics that aims to understand how people learn a second language and the factors that affect their language learning.（第二语言和外语学习之间的区别在于第二语言习得领域可能导致困惑，第二语言习得是应用语言学的一个分支学科，旨在了解人们如何学习第二语言以及影响他们语言学习的因素）可知选D。2.细节事实题。由文章中的SLA research not only examines second language learning, but also any f

44、oreign, third or fourth language learning.（第二语习得研究不仅研究第二语言学习，而且也研究任何外语、第三或第四语言学习）可知选B。3.细节事实题。由文章中的Due to the complexity of language learning, we see that the SLA literature often treat additional language and foreign language learning in the same second language acquisition framework.（由于语言学习的复杂性，我们

45、发现第二语习得著作通常把在同样的第二语言习得框架里讨论第二语言和外语学习）可知D选项“第二语言和外语学习一直没有在不同的的第二语言习得框架里讨论”符合题意。4.细节事实题。由文章中的Of course, we know that learning a third language is not necessarily the same as learning a second language.（当然，我们知道学习第三语言并不一定等同于学习第二语言）可知D选项“学习第三语言不一定等于学习第二语言”符合题意。5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了第二语言习得（SLA）研究的内容与目的，根据文章最后一句A

46、 more solid theoretical framework for third or fourth language acquisition will eventually emerge as more research is conducted.（随着研究的深入，第三语言或第四语言习得的理论框架将逐渐形成）可知C选项“第二语言习得的未来”符合题意。15.单选题The show culminated in the presentation of the dairy princess crown.问题1选项A.beganB.includedC.endedD.cultivated【答案】C

47、【解析】考查动词词义辨析。题目中culminate表示“使结束，达到极点，达到高潮”；A选项为“开始”；B选项为“包括，包含”；C选项为“结束；终止”；D选项为“培养；栽培”。根据句意可知，表演因乳品公主皇冠的介绍而达到高潮，因此C项为正确答案。16.单选题Provided that my expense_，I will go with you for the investigation next week.问题1选项A.are paid forB.will be paidC.can be paidD.be paid for【答案】C【解析】考查一般现在时态。provided that表示“假

48、如，设若”，在连接句子时相当于if，由主句中的will可知从句为一般现在时（主将从现）。expense表示“费用（总称）”时为不可数名词，pay在此句中作及物动词，在主动句中pay的宾语为my expense，此处表示被动，因此选C。句意：如果我的费用可以被支付，我下周就和你一起去调查。17.翻译题Translate the following passage into English.我崇拜朝气，喜欢自由，赞美胆量大的，精力强的。一个人行为或精神上有朝气，不在蝇头小利上打算计较，不拘泥于物质攫取与人世毁誉；他能挺起脊梁，坚持走自己的路，他所学的或同我所学的完全是两样东西，他的政治思想或与我的

49、极其相反，他的宗教信仰或与我的格格不入，那不碍事，我仍然觉得他是个朋友，这是个人。我喜欢这种人，也尊敬这种人。这种人也许粗鲁了一点，但一切伟大事业伟大作品就只有这类人才有份，他不可避免会失败，但决不会轻易放弃。【答案】I worship vitality and freedom, and I admire the plucky and the strong in heart. A person who is full of vitality in behavior and spirit would be neither concerned with petty profits nor cons

50、trained by the material prosperity and reputation. He can be upright and insist on his own way. Though what he has learnt is totally different from that of mine, as well as political thoughts and religious belief, all of these do not matter. I still consider him as my friend and a real man. I like h

51、im and also respect his kind of person. Maybe they are a little rude, but only this kind of men can accomplish great works and cause. Inevitably, he may be fail, but he will never give up easily.18.单选题It is due to the invention of the computer that man has been able to work so many. A case _ is the

52、successful launching of space shuttle.问题1选项A.in pointB.in questionC.in a wayD.in brier【答案】A【解析】考查短语搭配。A选项in point相关的，恰当的；B选项in question讨论中的，有问题的；C选项in a way从某种程度上，有点儿；D选项in brief简言之。因此，根据句意可知，正是电脑的发明才使得人们在过去的几年中创造了这么多的奇迹，一个恰当的例子就是航天飞机的成功发射。故A项是正确答案。19.单选题More attention was paid to the quality of pro

53、duction in France at the time of Rene Coty. Charles Deschanel was then the financial minister. He stressed that workmanship and quality were more important than quantity for industrial production. It would be necessary to produce quality goods for the international market to complete with those prod

54、uced in other countries. The French economy needed a larger share of the international market to balance its import and export trade.French industrial and agricultural production was still inadequate to meet the immediate needs of the people, let alone long-ranged developments. Essential imports had

55、 stretched the national credit to the breaking point. Rents were tightly controlled, but the extreme inflation affected general population most severely though the cost of food. Food costs took as much as 80 per cent of workers income. Wages, it is true, had risen and there was full-time and overtim

56、e employment. Taken together, these factors enabled the working class to exist but allowed them no sense of security. In this precarious and discouraging situation, workmen were willing to work overseas for higher wages.The government was reluctant to let workers leave the country. It was feared thi

57、s migration of workers would deplete the labor force. The lack of qualified workers might hinder the improvement in the quality of industrial products produced. Qualified workers produced in foreign countries. Also the quantity of quality goods produced in France would not be able to increase as par

58、t of its qualified labor force moved to other countries.1. According to the passage, the French workers were（）.2. Rene Coty and Charles Deschanel were both interested in（）.3. The French government was reluctant to let the workers leave the country because（）.4. Rents in France（）.5. According to the p

59、assage, the French government（）.问题1选项A.better paid than the workers in any other European countries.B.able to save more money with the increase in their wages.C.anxious to work abroad.D.often unable to find work in France.问题2选项A.better quality in productionB.increasing quantity in productionC.having

60、 the government raise tariffs on foreign importsD.eliminating unions in France问题3选项A.it would enlarge the working forceB.it would hinder the improvement of quality in industrial productionC.it would hinder the increase in quantity of exportsD.it would damage the imports问题4选项A.were extremely highB.we