上海高考完形填空真题专题解析

学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料学习资料学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料学习资料2016年上海高考III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Inthe1960s,DouglasMcGregor,oneofthekeythinkersintheartofmanagement,developedthemowfamousTheoryXandTheoryY.TheoryXistheideathatpeopleinstinctively51workandwilldoanythingtoavoidit.TheoryYistheviewthateveryonehasthepotentialtofindsatisfactioninwork.Inanycase,despitesomuchevidencetothe52,manymanagersstillagreetoTheoryX.Theybelieve,53 ,thattheiremployeesneedconstantsupervisioniftheyaretoworkeffectively,orthatdecisionsmustbeimposedfrom54withoutconsultation.This,ofcourse,makesforauthoritarian（专制的）managers.Differentcultureshavedifferentwaysof55people.Unlikeauthoritarianmanagement,somecultures,particularlyinAsia,arewellknownfortheconsultativenatureofdecision-making-allmembersofthedepartmentorworkgroupareaskedto56tothisprocess.Thisismanagementbythecollectiveopinion.ManywesterncompanieshavetriedtoimitatesuchAsianwaysofdoingthings,whicharebasedongeneral57.Someexpertssaythatwomenwillbecomemoreeffectivemanagersthanmenbecausetheyhavethepowertoreachcommongoalsinawaythattraditional58managerscannot.Arecenttrendhasbeentoencourageemployeestousetheirowninitiative,tomakedecisionsontheirownwithout 59 managersfirst.Thisempowerment（授权）hasbeenpartofthetrendtowardsdownsizing: 60 thenumberofmanagementlayersincompanies.Afterde-layeringinthisway,acompanymaybe61withjustatoplevelofseniormanagers,front-linemanagersandemployeeswithdirectcontactwiththepublic.Empowermenttakestheideaofdelegation（委托）muchfurtherthanhas62beenthecase.Empowermentanddelegationmeannewformsofmanagementcontrolto63thattheoverallbusinessplanisbeingfollowed,andthatoperationsbecomemoreprofitableundertheneworganization,ratherthanless.Anothertrendisoff-siteor64management,whereteamsofpeoplelinkedbye-mailandtheInternetworkonprojectsfromtheirownhouses.Projectmanagersevaluatethe_65oftheteammembersintermsofwhattheyproduceforprojects,ratherthantheamountoftimetheyspendonthem.51.A.desireB.seekC.loseD.dislike52.A.contraryB.expectationC.degreeD.extreme53.A.viceversaB.forexampleC.howeverD.otherwise54.A.outsideB.insideC.belowD.above55.A.replacingB.assessingC.managingD.encouraging56.A.referB.contributeC.objectD.apply57.A.agreementB.practiceC.electionD.impression58.A.bossyB.experiencedC.westernD.male59.A.askingB.trainingC.warningD.firing60.A.doublingB.maintainingC.reducingD.estimating61.A.honoredB.leftC.crowdedD.compared62.A.economicallyB.traditionallyC.inadequatelyD.occasionally

A.denyA.virtualA.opinion【解析】A.denyA.virtualA.opinion【解析】B.admitB.ineffectiveriskassumeC.day-to-dayC.performanceensureD.on-the-sceneD.attractiveness试题分析：本文是说明文，作者在第一段中提出道格拉斯 麦克雷戈所提出的人性假设理论中的X理论和Y理论，并介绍了现代社会中一种新型管理理论：授权管理及其作用。.答案D。X理论认为人们天生讨厌工作会做任何事来避免工作。 desire想要；seek寻找；lose失去；dislike不喜欢。.答案A。在任何情况下，尽管相反的理论有很多证据， 但是经理们仍然同意 X理论。contrary相反；expectation期望；degree程度；extreme极端。.答案B。例如，他们认为如果要有效工作他们的员工需要持续的督导，或者说决策必须从上级强制执行而不需要咨询。根据前文提出许多管理者认同X理论，本句应该具体讲认同者的理由， 因此选择forexample（例如）。viceversa反之亦然；forexample例如；however然而；otherwise否则。.答案D。不同文化有不同方式去管理人民。outside在外面；inside在里面；below在下面；above在上面。.答案Co与独裁管理不同的是，某些文化，尤其是在亚洲的一些，人们众所周知的是它们制定决策的活动有咨询的本质—部门或工作小组的全体人员都被要求为这个过程作出贡献。replace代替；assessW^;manage管理；encourage鼓励。.答案B。与独裁管理不同的是，某些文化，尤其是在亚洲的一些，人们众所周知的是它们制定决策的活动有咨询的本质—部门或工作小组的全体人员都被要求为这个过程作出贡献。refer查看；contribute贡献；object反对；apply应用。.答案Ao许多西方公司已经尝试去模仿亚洲人的做事方式，这类方式是以广泛同意为根基的。agreement一致；practice练习；election选举；impression印象。.答案D。某些专家表示女人会成为比男人更起作用的管理者，因为她们有能力通过一种传统男性管理者不能使用的方式去实现共同目标。bossy专横的；experienced有经验的；western西方的；male男性的。.答案Ao最近的潮流是鼓励员工使用他们自身的主动性，不先询问经理而是去独立做决定。ask询问；train训练；warn警告；fire开除。.答案Co授权已经成为了减缩趋势的组成部分：减少公司管理层的人数。 double加倍；maintain维持；reduce减少；estimate估计。.答案B。用这种方式减少层级以后，一个公司可能只剩下一层最高层级的高级管理者：减少了公司的管理层级。honour授予荣誉；beleftwith被留下；被剩下；becrowdedwith拥挤着；becomparedwith与 比较。.答案B。授权把委托的想法延伸到比传统的情况更深远的程度。economically经济地；traditionally传统地；inadequately不足地；occasionally偶尔地。.答案Do授权和委托意味着新形式的管控将确保全面的工作计划正在被执行，而在新的组织下的运营活动会变得更多盈利， 而非更少。deny否认；admit承认；assume假设；ensure保证。.答案Ao另一种趋势是不在场的或者虚拟的管理，团队人员通过电子邮件和网络相互联系，在自己家中执行项目。本空所填副词traditionally（传统地）与后面 new（新的）具有对应关系。virtual虚拟的；ineffective无效的；day-to-day日常的；on-the-scene现场的。.答案Co项目管理者依据他们为项目所做出的贡献而不是花在上面的时间来评估团队成员的表现。opinion观点；risk风险；performance表现；attractiveness吸引力。

【名师点睛】本篇完形填空对于上下文串联及词汇的复现进行了集中考查， 占到了三分之二。由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇， 围绕一个话题论述，因此在行文中词语的重复、替代、复现和同现现象是不可避免的。 根据这个原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现或同现的相关词，考生可以根据这些词之间的有机联系来确定答案。 所以，解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。但由于我们在做题时不可能总是重复地阅读文章， 因此，在做完形填空时要培养一种捕捉并记忆相关信息的能力。如本文57题考查上下文串联。亚洲人使用协商式的管理方法，这种方法是建立在共同的协议基础之上的，西方人也想学习这样的管理方法。故A项名词"agreement同意、协议”正确。考点：考查说明文阅读56.B57.A58.D59.A65.C【答案】56.B57.A58.D59.A65.C60.C 61.B 62.B 63.D 64.A2015年高考III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Ifyoustudiedpicturesthatancientpeopleleftonrockwallsandyoutriedtodeterminetheirmeaning,youwouldnotdetectadeepinterestinromanceamongtheartists.51,youwouldseeplentyofanimalswithpeoplerunningafterthem.Lifeforancientpeopleseemedtocenteronhuntingandgatheringwildfoodsformeals.Inmoderntimes,whenfoodisavailableingrocerystores,findingloveismore52topeople'vels.The53isallaroundus.Itiseasytopreparealistofmodernstorieshavingtodowithlove.Anendlessnumberofbooksandmoviesqualifyaslovestoriesinpopularculture.Researchersarestudyingwhetherlove,ahighlyvaluedemotionalstate,canbe54.Theyask,whatislove?Toothpastecompanieswantustothinkattractionisallaboutcleanteeth,butcleanteethgoonlysofar.Scientistswonderhowmuchthebraingetsinvolved.Youhaveprobablyheardthatoppositesattractbutthat55attract,too.Onethingiscertain:Thetruthaboutloveisnotyetsetinstone.FirstImpressionTohelpdeterminethe56ofattraction,researcherspaired164collegeclassmatesandhadthemtalkfor3,6or10minutessotheycouldgetasenseofeachother'sindividuality.Thenstudentswereaskedto57whatkindofrelationshiptheywerelikelytobuildwiththeirpartners.Afternineweeks,theyreportedwhathappened.Asitturnedout,their58judgmentsoftenheldtrue.Studentsseemedto59atanearlystagewhowouldbestfitintotheirlives.The60KnowsScientistshavealsoturnedtononhumanstoincreaseunderstandingofattraction.Manyanimalsgiveoffpheromones—naturalchemicalsthatcanbedetectedby,andthencanproducearesponsein,otheranimalsofthesamespecies.Pheromonescansignalthatananimaliseither学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料学习资料学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料学习资料学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料学习资料readytofightorisfeeling61topartnerships.Incontrast,humansdonotseemtobeas62asotheranimalsatdetectingsuchchemicals.Smell,however,doesseemtoplayapartinhumanattraction.Althoughwemaynotbeawareofchemicalslikepheromonesconsciously,wegiveandreceiveloadsofinformationthroughsmellineveryinteractionwithotherpeople.FaceValueBeingfondofsomeoneseemstohaveanumberoffactors,includingseeingsomethingwefindattractive.Researchershadpeoplejudgefacesfor63.Theparticipantshad0.013secondstovieweachface,yetsomehowtheygenerallyconsideredtheimagesthesameaspeoplewhohadmoretimetostudythesamefaces.Thewaywe64attractivenessseemstobesomewhatautomatic.Whenshownanattractivefaceandthenwordswithgoodorbadassociations,peoplerespondedto65wordsfasterafterviewinganattractiveface.Seeingsomethingattractiveseemstocausehappythinking.51.A.InsteadB.ThereforeC.MoreoverD.Otherwise52.A.romanticB.stressfulC.centralD.beneficial53.A.priorityB.proofC.possibilityD.principle54.A.testedB.imposedC.changedD.created55.A.appearancesB.virtuesC.similaritiesD.passionsD.intentions56.A.illustrationsB.implicationsC.ingredients57.A.predictB.investigateC.diagnoseD.recall58.A.criticalB.initialC.randomD.mature59.A.memorizeB.distinguishC.negotiateD.question60.A.NoseB.EyeC.HeartD.Hand61.A.openB.alertC.resistantD.superior62.A.disappointedB.amazedC.confusedD.gifted63.A.emotionsB.attractivenessC.individualityD.signals64.A.enhanceB.possessC.maintainD.asses65.A.familiarB.plainC.positiveD.irritating57.A58.B59.B60.A51.A 52.C 53.57.A58.B59.B60.A61.A 62.D 63.B 64.D 65.C2014年高考III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Researchhasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussionoftheculturalorpoliticalproblemsoftheday,notheateddebatesaboutfilmswe'vejustwatchedorbookswe'vejustfinishedreading,butplainandsimple__51__.Languageisourgreatesttreasureasaspecies,andwhatdowe__52__dowithit?Wegossip.Aboutothers'behaviourandprivatelives,suchaswho'sdoingwhatwithwhom,who'sinandwho'sout-andwhy;howtodealwithdifficult__53__situationsinvolvingchildren,lovers,andcolleagues.Sowhyarewekeenongossiping?Arewejustnatural__54__,ofbothtimeandwords?Ordowetalkalotaboutnothinginparticularsimplytoavoidfacinguptothereallyimportantissuesoflife?It'snotthecaseaccordingtoProfessorRobinDunbar.Infact,inhislatestbook,Grooming,GossipandtheEvolutionofLanguage,thepsychologistsaysgossipisoneofthesereally__55__issues.Dunbar__56__thetraditionalviewthatlanguagewasdevelopedbythemenattheearlystageofsocialdevelopmentinordertoorganizetheirmanlyhuntingactivitiesmoreeffectively,oreventopromotetheexchangeofpoeticstoriesabouttheiroriginsandthesupernatural.Insteadhesuggeststhatlanguageevolvedamongwomen.Wedon'tspendtwo-thirdsofourtimegossipingjustbecausewecantalk,arguesDunbar—__57__,hegoesontosay,languageevolvedspecificallytoallowustogossip.Dunbararrivedathischeerytheorybystudyingthe__58__ofthehigherprimates（灵长类动物）likemonkeys.Bymeansofgrooming--cleaningthefurbybrushingit,monkeysformgroupswithotherindividualsonwhomtheycanrelyforsupportintheeventofsomekindofconflictwithinthegroupor__59__fromoutsideit.Aswehumanbeingsevolvefromaparticularbranchoftheprimatefamily,Dunbar__60__thatatonetimeinourhistorywedidmuchthesame.Groupingtogethermadesensebecausethebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthe__61__itprovided;ontheotherhand,thebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthestressesoflivingclosetoothers.Groominghelpedto__62__thepressureandcalmeverybodydown.Butasthegroupsgotbiggerandbigger,theamountoftimespentingroomingactivitiesalsohadtobe__63__tomaintainitseffectiveness.Clearly,amore__64__kindofgroomingwasneeded,andthuslanguageevolvedasakindofvocal（有声的） groomingwhichallowedhumanstodeveloprelationshipwithever-largergroupsbyexchanginginformationoverawidernetworkofindividualsthanwouldbepossiblebyone-to-one__65__contact.51.A.claimB.descriptionC.gossipD.language52.A.occasionallyB.habituallyC.independentlyD.originally53.A.socialB.politicalC.historicalD.cultural54.A.admirersB.mastersC.usersD.wasters55.A.vitalB.sensitiveC.idealD.difficult56.A.confirmsB.rejectsC.outlinesD.broadens57.A.forinstanceB.inadditionC.onthecontraryD.asaresult58.A.motivationB.appearanceC.emotionD.behaviour59.A.attackB.contactC.inspectionD