无机材料专业英语

晶体结构(struetureofcrystal)原子质量单位Atomicmassunit(amu)原子量Atomicweight键能Bondingenergy共价键Covalentbond电子构型electronicconfiguration正电的Electropositive氢键Hydrogenbond同位素Isotope摩尔Mole泡利不相容原理Pauliexclusionprinciple原子atom分子量moleculeweight量子数quantumnumber范德华键vanderwaalsbond点群pointgroup各向异性anisotropy体心立方结构body-centeredcubic(BCC)布拉格定律bragg'slaw晶体结构crystalstructure晶体的crystalline中子衍射neutrondiffraction晶界grainboundary鲍林规则Pauling'srulesCsCl型结构CaesiumChloridestructure纤锌矿型结构Wurtzitestructure萤石型结构Fluoritestructure尖晶石型结构Spinel-typestructure岛状结构Islandstructure层状结构Layerstructure滑石talc高岭石kaolinite长石feldspar各向同性的isotropic晶格lattice密勒指数millerindices多晶的polycrystalline原子数Atomicnumber波尔原子模型Bohratomicmodel库仑力Coulombicforce分子的构型molecularconfiguration负电的Electronegative基态Groundstate离子键Ionicbond金属键Metallicbond分子Molecule元素周期表Periodictable极性分子Polarmolecule价电子valenceelectron电子轨道electronorbitals对称要素symmetryelements原子堆积因数atomicpackingfactor(APF)面心立方结构face-centeredcubic(FCC)配位数coordinationnumber晶系crystalsystem衍射diffraction电子衍射electrondiffraction六方密堆积hexagonalclose-packed(HCP)NaCl型结构NaCl—typestructure闪锌矿型结构Blende-typestructure金红石型结构Rutilestructure钙钛矿型结构Perovskite-typestructure硅酸盐结构Structureofsilicates链状结构Chainstructure架状结构Frameworkstructure叶蜡石pyrophyllite石英quartz美橄榄石forsterite各向异性的anisotropy晶格参数latticeparameters非结晶的noncrystalline多晶形polymorphism单晶singlecrystal电位electronstates电子electrons金属键metallicbonding极性分子polarmolecules衍射角diffractionangle粒度,晶粒大小grainsize显微照相photomicrograph透射电子显微镜transmissionelectronmicroscope(TEM)四方的tetragonal配位数coordinationnumber晶胞unitcell(化合)价valence共价键covalentbonding离子键Ionicbonding原子面密度atomicplanardensity合金alloy显微结构microstructure扫描电子显微镜scanningelectronmicroscope(SEM)重量百分数weightpercent单斜的monoclinic晶体结构缺陷(defectofcrystalstructure)缺陷defect,imperfection线缺陷linedefect,dislocation体缺陷volumedefect位错线dislocationline螺位错screwdislocation晶界grainboundaries小角度晶界tiltboundary,位错阵列dislocationarray位错轴dislocationaxis位错爬移dislocationclimb位错滑移dislocationslip位错裂纹dislocationcrack位错密度dislocationdensity间隙原子interstitialatom间隙位置interstitialsites弗伦克尔缺陷Frenkeldisorder主晶相thehostlattice缔合中心AssociatedCenters.电子空穴ElectronHoles克罗各-明克符号KrogerVinknotation固溶体solidsolution化合物compound置换固溶体substitutionalsolidsolution不混溶固溶体immisciblesolidsolution有序固溶体orderedsolidsolution固溶强化solidsolutionstrengthening点缺陷pointdefect面缺陷interfacedefect位错排列dislocationarrangement刃位错edgedislocation混合位错mixeddislocation大角度晶界high-anglegrainboundaries孪晶界twinboundaries位错气团dislocationatmosphere位错胞dislocationcell位错聚结dislocationcoalescence位错核心能量dislocationcoreenergy位错阻尼dislocationdamping原子错位substitutionofawrongatom晶格空位vacantlatticesites杂质impurities肖脱基缺陷Schottkydisorder错位原子misplacedatoms自由电子FreeElectrons伯格斯矢量Burgers中性原子neutralatom固溶度solidsolubility间隙固溶体interstitialsolidsolution金属间化合物intermetallies转熔型固溶体peritecticsolidsolution无序固溶体disorderedsolidsolution取代型固溶体Substitutionalsolidsolutions过饱和固溶体supersaturatedsolidsolution非化学计量化合物Nonstoichiometriccompound表面结构与性质(structureandpropertyofsurface)表面surface同相界面homophaseboundary晶界grainboundary小角度晶界lowanglegrainboundary共格孪晶界coherenttwinboundary错配度mismatch重构reconstuction表面能surfaceenergy扭转晶界twistgrainboundary共格界面coherentboundary非共格界面noncoherentboundary应变能strainenergy惯习面habitplane界面interface异相界面heterophaseboundary表面能surfaceenergy大角度晶界highanglegrainboundary晶界迁移grainboundarymigration驰豫relaxation表面吸附surfaceadsorption倾转晶界titltgrainboundary倒易密度reciprocaldensity半共格界面semi-coherentboundary界面能interfacialfreeenergy晶体学取向关系crystallographicorientation非晶态结构与性质(structureandpropertyofuncrystalline)熔体结构structureofmelt玻璃态vitreousstate粘度viscosity介稳态过渡相metastablephase淬火quenching玻璃分相phaseseparationinglasses过冷液体supercoolingmelt软化温度softeningtemperature表面张力Surfacetension组织constitution退火的softened体积收缩volumeshrinkage扩散(diffusion)活化能activationenergy浓度梯度concentrationgradient菲克第二定律Fick'ssecondlaw稳态扩散steadystatediffusion扩散系数diffusioncoefficient填隙机制interstitalcymechanism短路扩散short-circuitdiffusion下坡扩散Downhilldiffusion扩散通量diffusionflux菲克第一定律Fick'sfirstlaw相关因子correlationfactor非稳态扩散nonsteady-statediffusion跳动几率jumpfrequency晶界扩散grainboundarydiffusion上坡扩散uphilldiffusion互扩散系数Mutualdiffusion渗碳剂carburizing浓度分布曲线concentrationprofile驱动力drivingforce自扩散self-diffusion空位扩散vacancydiffusion扩散方程diffusionequation扩散特性diffusionproperty达肯方程Darkequation本征热缺陷Intrinsicthermaldefect离子电导率Ion-conductivity浓度梯度concentrationgradient扩散流量diffusionflux间隙扩散interstitialdiffusion表面扩散surfacediffusion扩散偶diffusioncouple扩散机理diffusionmechanism无规行走Randomwalk柯肯达尔效应Kirkendallequation本征扩散系数Intrinsicdiffusioncoefficient空位机制Vacancyconcentration腐蚀与氧化(corrodingandoxidation)氧化反应Oxidationreaction还原反应Reductionreaction价电子Valenceelectron腐蚀介质Corrodingsolution电动势Electricpotential推动力Thedrivingforce腐蚀系统Corrodingsystem腐蚀速度Corrosionpenetrationrate电流密度Currentdensity电化学反应Electrochemicalreaction极化作用Polarization过电位Theovervoltage浓差极化Concentrationpolarization电化学极化Activationpolarization极化曲线Polarizationcurve缓蚀剂Inhibitor原电池galvaniccell电偶腐蚀galvaniccorrosion电位序galvanicseries应力腐蚀Stresscorrosion冲蚀Erosion-corrosion腐蚀短裂Corrosioncracking防腐剂Corrosionremover腐蚀电极Corrosiontarget隙间腐蚀Crevicecorrosion均匀腐蚀Uniformattack晶间腐蚀Intergranularcorrosion焊缝破坏Welddecay选择性析出Selectiveleaching氢脆损坏Hydrogenembitterment阴极保护Catholicprotection穿晶断裂Intergranularfracture固相反应和烧结(solidstatereactionandsintering)固相反应solidstatereaction烧成fire再结晶Recrystallization成核nucleation子晶，雏晶mattedcrystal异质核化heterogeneousnucleation铁碳合金iron-carbonalloy铁素体ferrite共晶反应eutecticreaction烧结sintering合金alloy二次再结晶Secondaryrecrystallization结晶crystallization耔晶取向seedorientation均匀化热处理homogenizationheattreatment渗碳体cementite奥氏体austenite固溶处理solutionheattreatment相变(phasetransformation)过冷supercooling晶核nucleus形核功nucleationenergy均匀形核homogeneousnucleation形核率nucleationrate热力学函数thermodynamicsfunction临界晶核criticalnucleus枝晶偏析dendriticsegregation平衡分配系数equilibriumdistributioncoefficient成分过冷constitutionalsupercooling共晶组织eutecticstructure伪共晶pseudoeutectic表面等轴晶区chillzone中心等轴晶区equiaxedcrystalzone急冷技术splatcooling单晶提拉法Czochralskimethod位错形核dislocationnucleation斯宾那多分解spinodaldecomposition马氏体相变martensitephasetransformation成核机理nucleationmechanism过冷度degreeofsupercooling形核nucleation晶体长大crystalgrowth非均匀形核heterogeneousnucleation长大速率growthrate临界晶核半径criticalnucleusradius局部平衡localizedequilibrium有效分配系数effectivedistributioncoefficient引领（领先）相leadingphase层状共晶体lamellareutectic离异共晶divorsedeutectic柱状晶区columnarzone定向凝固unidirectionalsolidification区域提纯zonerefining晶界形核boundarynucleation晶核长大nucleigrowth有序无序转变disordered-ordertransition马氏体martensite成核势垒nucleationbarrier相平衡与相图(PhaseequilibriumandPhasediagrams)相图phasediagrams组分component相律Phaserule浓度三角形Concentrationtriangle成分composition相平衡phaseequilibrium热力学thermodynamics吉布斯相律Gibbsphaserule吉布斯自由能Gibbsfreeenergy吉布斯熵Gibbsentropy热力学函数thermodynamicsfunction过冷supercooling杠杆定律leverrule相界线phaseboundaryline共轭线conjugatelines相界反应phaseboundaryreaction相组成phasecomposition金相相组织phaseconst