初中英语形容词和副词讲义公开课一等奖省优质课大赛获奖课件

形容词与副词绵阳东辰国际学校李伟中考语法系列---形容词和副词在教材中所占总词汇百分比较大，使用方法复杂，每年中考题除了在阅读、听力等题型中间接考查而外，经过单项选择和完型填空题直接考查这两种词汇使用方法。纵观和分析近几年考生在此部分答题和出现问题情况，关键在于同学们要明确这两种词基本意义以及在语句中功效和位置，如形容词含有修饰和限定作用，普通用来修饰名词，在语句中可用作定语和表语；副词则用来修饰形容词、动词、其它副词或者句子，普通位于动词之后、形容词之前或者句子之首。中考对形容词和副词的考试要求：形容词是修饰名词或代词，说明事物或人性质或特征词。e.g.long,empty,cheap,hungry,etc.什么叫形容词?形容词在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等成份．eg:1.Heisagoodstudent.2.Sheisabeautifulgirl.3.Ihaveacleverpetdog.作定语1.)单个形容词修饰名词或代词时次序直接放名词或代词前面2)多个形容词做定语时排列次序有时，一个名词前出现有多个形容词作定语，这时，它们次序普通须依据它们与被修饰中心词之间关系亲密程度而定。在通常情况下，它们次序为大致遵照以下标准：描绘形容词—大小(长短高低)形容词—形状形容词—年纪(新旧)形容词—颜色形容词—国籍形容词—材料形容词—用途(类别)形容词—名词Eg:Iboughtanice(好看)small(小小)round(圆形)new(新)yellow(黄色)French(法国产)oak(橡木做)writingdesk(写字台).不过，以上情况并不绝对，例外情况是常有，况且以上规则也不好记。下面再介绍几条标准性东西，供参考：1.总体描述在前，详细描述在后；2.主观描述在前，客观描述在后；3.普遍性描述在前，特殊性描述在后；4.音节少词在前，音节多词在后；5.与所修饰名词关系不紧密在前，关系紧密在后。注：有时，两个互补形容词修饰同一个名词或代词，强调全部范围时，可用and/or连起来(如：oldandyoung,longorshort,maleandfemale)放在名词或代词后面，而且名词与形容词之间惯用逗号隔开。Visitors,oldandyoung,weredelighted.不论老少，全部参观者都很高兴。Eg:anoldChinesestonebridge一座古老中国石桥somebeautifullittleredflowers一些漂亮小红花例题：1）Tonyisgoingcampingwith___boys.A.littletwootherB.twolittleotherC.twootherlittleD.littleothertwo

2)Onedaytheycrossedthe____bridgebehindthepalace.

A.oldChinesestoneB.ChineseoldstoneC.oldstoneChineseD.Chinesestoneold

答案点拨：C由"限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色)--性质--名词"公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次次序，只有C符合答案。答案点拨A.几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们排列次序是：年纪，形状，大小+颜色+起源+质地+用途+国家+名词。

3)----HowwasyourrecentvisittoQingdao?

----Itwasgreat.Wevisitedsomefriends，andspentthe___daysattheseaside.

A.fewlastsunnyB.lastfewsunnyC.lastsunnyfewD.fewsunnylast

答案点拨：B。本题考查多个形容词排序问题。普通与被修饰形容词关系亲密形容词靠近名词；假如几个形容词主要性差不多，音节少形容词在前，音节多方在后，在不能确定时，可参考下表：

限定词+数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后）+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词those+three+beautiful+large+square

old+brown+wood+table

4）.The

housesmellsasifithasn’tbeenlivedinforyears.A.LittlewhitewoodenB.littlewoodenwhiteC.whitewoodenlittleD.woodenwhitelittle5）.

Studentsarerequiredtotakepartintheboatrace.A.TenstrongyoungChineseB.TenChinesestrongyoungC.ChinesetenyoungstrongD.YoungstrongtenChineseAA当形容词修饰由something/somebody,anything/anybody,nothing/nobody,everything/everybody等不定代词时,形容词要放在这些不定代词之后.e.g.1.Isthereanythinginterestingintoday’snewspaper?2.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.3.)修饰不定代词时常后置“不形”例题：1.Samishungry,he’dliketoeat____delicious.A.some B.any C.something D.somewhere2.Don’tworry.Thereis____aboutyourillness.serioussomething B.anythingseriousC.nothingserious D.somethingThereis____intoday’snewspaper.It’sboring.A.somethingnewB.interestingnewC.nothingnewD.newnothing--Whocanhelpus?--___.we’lldoitourselvesA.EveryoneelseB.ElseeveryoneC.NobodyelseD.Elsenobody关键点：不定代词修饰形容词，位置为“不形”CCCCThetreesturngreeninspring.Wearealoneontheisland.只能作表语，不能作定语形容词你能说出几个？aloneafraidawakeasleepaliveable作表语所谓表语形容词即指只用于连系动词后作表语，而不能用于名词前作定语形容词。这类形容词常见有：

1.一些以a-开头形容词：

afraid害怕

alive活着

alone单独

ashamed惭愧

asleep睡着

awake醒着

Don’tbeafraid.别怕。

Nowthebabyisasleep.现在孩子睡着了。

Hewasaloneinthehouse.他独自一人在家里。

若要用作定语且含有以上意义，可改用其它形容词：

误：anasleepchild,anashamedgirl,analivepoet

正：asleepingchild,ashygirl,alivingpoet2.一些表示健康形容词：

fine健康

ill有病

well身体健康

“How’syourwife?”“She’sfine,thankyou.”“你妻子好吗?”“她很好，谢谢。”

Hewasillandcouldn’tcome.他病了，所以不能来。

【注】在美国英语中，表示健康情况ill和well有时也用作定语。另外，以上词语若不是表示以上意思，则可用作定语：fineweather好天气，illnews坏消息3.一些描述感觉或心情形容词：

glad高兴

pleased高兴sorry难过

I’mgladtohearthat.听到这消息我很高兴。

Youwillbesorryaboutthislater.对这件事你以后会后悔。

Weareverypleasedwiththeplan.我们对这个计划很满意。

【注】若用于其它意思，则可用作定语，如glad表示“(感到)高兴”时，只用作表语；若表示“令人高兴”，则只用作定语(gladnews好消息)。

4.其它表语形容词：

certain确信，一定

sure确信，一定

fond喜欢，温柔

ready准备好，愿意unable不能…

I’mcertain[sure]hewillcome.我确信他会来。

Heisfondofmusic.他喜欢音乐。

Wearereadytodoit.我们已准备好做这事。

【注】若用于其它意义，有也可用作定语，如certain表示“某”时，只能用作定语：acertainperson某人。

例题：1.Shewas_____(luck)tolosehermoneywhenshewentshoppinglastweekend.[04西宁]

2.Thiskindofskirtlooks__andsells__.[04天津]A.nice;wellB.nice;goodC.well;wellD.good;nice答案点拨：was是系动词，其后要跟形容词作表语，luck形容词形式为lucky，但我们填上后发觉句意不通：丢了钱她还能幸运吗？必定是“不幸”，故应填它反义词unlucky。答案点拨：此题融合了形容词和副词使用两个基本知识点：系动词后跟形容词作表语，实义动词后要用副词去修饰。look为半系动词，后接形容词，sell为实义动词，后接副词，而well作形容词时专指身体情况“好”，nice是形容词，不难得出答案为A。3.—WhatdoyouthinkofthestorywrittenbyMarkTwain?—Itis________.Ilikeit.[04昆明]A.boringB.boredC.interestedD.interesting

答案点拨：既然喜欢，说明它有趣，作表语，故选D。英语中一些动词有两种形容词化形式：-ing和-ed形式，它们区分就在于:-ing形式普通作表语和定语，修饰物。如：Itwasaninterestingbook.Thebookisinteresting.；-ed形式其主语常应该是人，而不是物。如：Hebecameveryinterestedinscience.他开始对科学非常感兴趣。

4.Theappletastes_____andsells___.A.well;wellB.good;goodC.good;wellD.well;good5.Youranswersounds_____.A.correctB.correctlyC.correctnessD.correcting6.Theywatchedamovieandfeltquite_____.A.sadB.sadlyC.sadnessD.sadyCAA一些动词如make，paint，keep，find，like，want等后接名词或代词作宾语，再接形容词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语状态、特征等。形容词和宾语一起组成复合宾语．有已组成固定词组。作宾语补足语★可用到形容词有:

happy，pleased，surprised，angry，annoyed，sad，upset，unhappy，worried，anxious，excited，relaxed，stressedout，tense，calm，scared，comfortable，sick…eg.1.Doyoulikeyourteaweakorstrong?你喜欢把茶泡浓一点还是淡一点？2.Youmustkeeptheclassroomclean．你应保持教室清洁。3.Theboywasbeatenblackandblue．男孩被打得青一块紫一块。

4.Hemadeushappy.5.Colouritgreen.Thankyouverymuch!Seeyounextperiod!下节再见！形容词的构成形容词组成通常有:forget—forgetfulhelp—helpfulwonder—wonderfuluse—usefulcare—carefulbeauty—beautifulthank－thankfulcolour----colourful1、+ful2、＋edexcite—excitedworry—worried

surprise—surprisedclose—closedfeather—featheredinterest—interestedfrighten—frightened3、+inginterest—interestingexcite—exciting

surprise—surprisingfollow—followingsun—sunnysnow—snowywind—windyrain-rainycloud—cloudyhealth—healthy4、+y全部表示天气情况形容词wool-woolenwood--wooden5、+en6、+ern(东西南北)east--easternwest--westernsouth-southernnorth--northern7.由“名词+ly”组成friendly,daily,weekly,sillylively,lonely,lovely

7.复合形容词（1）形容词＋v-ing，同“系表结构”agood-lookingboy＝aboywholooksgood相貌好看男孩anordinary-lookingman相貌日常人nice-smellingflowers香气扑鼻花（2）副词＋过去分词，同“被动定语从句”awell-writtennovel＝anovelthatiswellwritten写得好小说best-housedpeople居住条件最好人anewly-publishedarticle新发表文章（3）形容词＋带ed后缀名词anill-temperedman＝amanwhosetemperisill脾气坏人short-sightedstudents＝studentswithshortsight近视学生sweet-tempered性情温和tender-hearted软心肠（4）名词＋形容词，名词如同状语，修饰形容词anapple-greenshirt＝ashirtbeingasgreenasapple苹果绿衬衫snow-whitewalls雪白墙apieceofsky-bluecloth一块天蓝色布Let’sfillintheblanks,

形容词的比较级和最高级构成和用法Let’sfillintheblanks,

形容词比较等级组成，有三个等级：①原级；②比较级；③最高级。

Let’sfillintheblanks,

形容词的比较级和最高级构成规则变化不规则变化词尾变化原级比较级最高级单音节词在词尾加-er(比较级)或-est(最高级)以字母e接尾词加-r或-sttallhardlargewide以重读闭音节结尾词末尾只有一个辅音字母应双写辅音字母再加er或estbighotthinfatwet以辅音字母+y结尾词变为i再加-er,或-esthappydryearly

narrowclever多音节词和多数双音节词在其前面加more和mostdifficultpopularslowlytallerharderlargerwidertallesthardestlargestwidestbiggerhotterfatterwetterbiggesthottestfattestwettesthappierdrierearlierhappiestdriestearliestnarrowercleverernarrowestcleverestmoredifficultmorepopularmoreslowlymostdifficultmostpopularmostslowly少数以-er,-ow结尾双音节词可加-er或-est规则变化原级goodwellbadillmanymuchlittlefarold比较级最高级betterbestworseworstlessmoremostfarther/furtherolder/elderleastfarthest/furthestoldest/eldest不规则变化巧记：特殊形式比较级共有三对二合一坏病两多并两好little意思不是小一分为二有两个一是老来二是远但有少数几个形容词无比较级和最高级。如：excellent,wonderful,favorite等。比较级前有时有一个表示程度词或短语。常见有：alittle,much,alot,still,even,some,any,far等。比如：1）Myshirtismuchcheaper

thanyours.

我衬衫比你廉价。2）Lesson3isverydifficult,butLesson5isevenmoredifficult.第3课极难，不过第5课更难。注意：①在含有形容词比较级句子中，对两个相比较内容为了防止重复，我们经常用that,those来代替前面词。例如：TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthanthatinGuangdong.Thewindowsofourclassroomarecleanerthanthoseoftheirs.形容词原级的常用句型Tomisas

tallasMike.

as+形容词原形+asThereareasmanystudentsinourschoolasyours.

否定notas+形容词原形+as“和…不一样”或notso+形容词原形+as

“不及／不如…TomisnotastallasMike.Thistruckisbigenoughtocarry5tons.

so+形容词原级+that丛句

such+名词＋that丛句Heissobigthathecan’tentertheroomby

thedoor.…too+原级+todosth.Heistooyoungtojointhearmy.

形容词原级+enoughtodosth.

形容词原级的常用句型1、二者之间比较，句中有显著标志词thanTomistallerthan

John2、Which/Whois+比较级,AorB?Whichiseasier,mathsorEnglish?3、能修饰比较级副词及短：much(…多)、alot(…多)、even(更…)、still（更…）、abit/alittle(…一点儿)ThiscityismuchmorebeautifulthanthatoneTodayisevenhotterthanyesterday.形容词比较级的常用句型4、…isthe+比较级+ofthetwo.Tomisthetallerofthetwoboys.5、…数量+比较级than…Heisthreeyearsolderthanhisbrother.6、比较级+and+比较级，“越来越…”Nowitishotterandhotter.现在越来越热7、The+比较级…，the+比较级…“越…，就越…”Themore,thebetter.越多越好。

Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouwillbecome.你吃得越多，你就越轻易变胖1.…oneofthe+最高级+名词复数形容词最高级的常用句型2.…最高级+of(in)…(三者及以上范围)3.Thisis/wasthe最高级+名词+that定语从句LuXunisoneof

thegreatestwriterslastcentury.

ThisistheworstfilmthatIhaveseentheseyears.

Ofallthemoviestars,IthinkZhangZiyiisthebest.

形容词最高级的常用句型5.、the+序数词+最高级+名词+in/ofTheYellowRiveristhesecond

longestriverinChina4、Which/Whoisthe+最高级,A,BorC?

Whichisthebiggest,themoon,theearthorthesun?注意：①最高级前能够有序数词来修饰。比如：Whichisthefirstmostusefulinvention?哪一个是第一个最有用途创造？②假如形容词最高级前有物主代词，指示代词，名词全部格时，则无须加定冠词the。比如：Yesterdaywasmybusiestday.昨天是我最忙碌一天。中考英语专题复习形容词和副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、全句或名词词组及句子词。e.g.什么叫副词?very,early,out,soon,quickly,等等.

副词依据所表示不一样意义可将其分为以下几个：1、时间和频度副词：now,then,often,always,early,today,already,soon,ago,yesterday等.2、地点副词：here,there,everywhere,out,in,home,upstairs,above,below,inside等.3、方式副词：carefully,politely,fast,well,extremely,anxiously等.中考英语专题复习形容词和副词副词的种类4、程度副词：much,little,very,rather,too,rather,almost,so等.5、疑问副词：how,where,when,why（放在特殊疑问句前）6、关系副词：when,where,why（通常引导宾语从句）7、连接副词：how,when,where,why,whether（通常引导定语从句）中考英语专题复习形容词和副词副词的种类五、副词比较等级组成和使用方法1、副词比较等级组成。有三个等级：①原级；②比较级；③最高级。单音节词和少数双音节词构成方法原级比较级最高级普通在词尾加-er或-estfasthardlongsoonfasterharderlongersoonerfastesthardestlongestsoonest以字母e结尾副词，加-r或-stlatelaterlatest以“辅音字母+y”结尾副词，先把y变为i，再加-er或-estearlyearlierearliest中考英语专题复习形容词和副词2）不规则改变原级比较级最高级wellbadlymuchlittlefarbetterworsemorelessfarther较远(表示距离)further较远，深入(表示程度)bestworstmostleastfarthestfurthest中考英语专题复习形容词和副词

副词比较级和最高级组成和形容词比较级和最高级组成基本相同.e.g.形容记最高级前要用定冠词the,副词最高级前可用可不用定冠词the.AttentionsMountQomolangmaisthehighestintheworld.Jimjumped(the)highestoftheall.fast-faster-fastestslowly-moreslowly–mostslowly注意：1、副词very能够修饰形容词、副词，但不能修饰动词。比如：Thisflowerisverybeautiful.IlikeEnglishverymuch.(但不能说：IverylikeEnglish.)2、enough作副词时，用在形容词、副词之后；enough用作形容词时，放在名词前或后都能够。比如：Heisstrongenoughtolifttheheavybox.Themanhasgotenoughmoney(or:moneyenough)tobuyacar.

中考英语专题复习形容词和副词注意：3、频度副词百分比表：always——100%,usually——80%,often——70%~60%,sometimes,attimes——30%~40%,seldom,hardlyever——5%,never——0%中考英语专题复习形容词和副词2、such和so区分1）such是形容词，常修饰名词。它有以下结构：①such+a/an+形容词+n.(可数名词单数)，如：It’ssuchabeautifulflower.Youhavetoldussuchaninterestingstory.②such+形容词+n.(可数名词复数)，如：Youhavemadesuchfoolishmistakes.③such+形容词+n.(不可数名词)，如：I’mverygladthatIcangetsuchgoodadvicefromyou.中考英语专题复习形容词和副词2、such和so区分2）so是副词，表示程度，修饰形容词或副词。它有以下结构：①so+形容词/副词，如：

ThisquestionissodifficultthatIcan’tanswerit.②so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数，如：Thisissodifficultaquestionthatallofuscannotanswerit.

另外在many,much,few,little+名词前面，只能用so,不能用such。比如：ThereissolittlemilkintherefrigeratorthatIhavetobuysome.中考英语专题复习形容词和副词【例1】—Whichis_________seasoninBeijing?—Ithinkit'sautumn.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.thebest经典例题解析【例2】Itis______todaythanyesterday.Shallwegoswimmingthisafternoon?A.thehottestB.hotC.hottestD.hotterDD【例3】Jimisrunning_______Bruce.They'reneckandneck,［黑龙江］A.fasterthanB.asfastasC.asfasterasD.moreslowlythanB经典例题解析【例4】Hermotherwasout.Shestayedathome______,butshedidn‘tfeel______.A.alone,lonelyB.lonelyaloneC.alone,lonelyD.lonely,alone【例5】—Isthephysicsproblem_____?—Yes,Icanworkitout_______.A.easy,easilyB.easy,easyC.easily,easyD.easily,easilyAAⅡ.依据句意填空。1.Whichfilmis______________thisoneorthatone?(interesting)2.IthinkEnglishisoneof_______________subjectsinmiddleschool(important).3.LiLeidoesn'tstudyso____________ashissister.(care)4.Annisalittle__________thanJoan,butsheismuch________.(young,tall)5.TheChangjiangRiverisvery________.It'sThethird___________riverintheworld.(long)课时训练moreinterestingthemostimportantcarefullyyoungertallerlonglongestⅢ.单项选择1.Whata______cough!Youseen___ill.A.terrible,terriblyB.terribly,terribleC.terrible,terribleD.terribly,terribly2.Thecarisrunning________.Itseemstobeflying.A.moreandfasterB.moreandfastC.fastandfastD.fasterandfaster3.Ifeeleven_________now.A.badB.wellC.worseD.worst课时训练ADC4.Shewasveryhappy.Sheran_______ofalltherunners.A.fastestB.thequickestC.slowestD.quickly5.Keepquiet,please.It's___noisyhere.A.manytooB.toomanyC.muchtooD.toomuch6.—Haveyou__spokentoaforeigner?—No,_________.A.already,neverB.ever,neverC.yet,alreadyD.ever,ever7.Heistallerthan________inhisclass.A.anyboyB.anyboysC.anyotherboyD.someotherboyACBC8.I'llgoandvisityou______nextweek.A.sometimeB.sometimesC.sometimeD.sometime9.--Whatwastheweatherlikeyesterday?--Itwasverybad.Itrained_____peoplecould____goout.A.hard,hardB.hardly，hardC.hardly,hardlyD.hard，hardly10.Englishisas______asChinese.Youshouldlearnitwell.A.importantB.moreimportantC.themostimportantD.muchmoreimportantCDA11.Musicisnotsousefulasscience.It's_________usefulthanscience.A.fewerB.lessC.moreD.alot12.Helooks_________.A.goodB.wellC.happilyD.worriedly13.We'veneverheardof_________storybefore.A.suchastrangeB.suchstrangeC.soastrangeD.sostrange14.Youmustwearglasses.Theycankeepyoureyes______A.softB.safeC.safelyD.safety15.Wouldyoupleasespeak______?Istillcan'tfollowyou.A.slowB.muchslowC.muchslowlyD.moreslowly课时训练BBABD1.--Ischemistrymoredifficultthanphyscis?--No,chemistryisn’tas___asPhyscis.A.easyB.difficultC.easierD.moredifficult2.Inthispartofthecountry,wateris___oil.A.sodearasB.asdearasC.dearasD.sodear3.Thebreadis____thanthesecakes.A.verydeliciousB.muchdeliciousC.moredeliciousD.asdeliciousCBB二.单项选择题4.Inourcityit’s____inJuly,butitiseven_____inAugust.A.hotter;hottestB.hot;hotC.hotter;hotD.hot;hotterD10.TheYellowRiveristhesecond________(long)riverinChina.11.ZhaoLeiisoneof_______________(young)boysinhisschool.12.Whichis___________(big),thesun,theearthorthemoon?longesttheyoungestthebiggest四.用所给词适当形式填空.13.Maryhasthreebrothers.Smithis___________(tall)ofthethree.thetallest14.MountQomolangmais__________(high)intheworld.thehighest15.Jimjumped_________(high)oftheall.highest五.请在下面横线上填入正确词16.篮子里苹果比箱子里苹果更加好吃.Theapplesinthebasketaremoredeliciousthan________inthebox.17.李先生讲故事比王先生讲更有趣ThestoryMrLitoldusismoreinterestingthan________MrWangtoldus.18.瓶子里水比杯子里水洁净。Thewaterinthebottleiscleanerthan_____Intheglass.

thosetheone

that19.魏华跑得比李雷慢许多。

Weihuaruns_______________thanLilei20.上海比美国任何城市都更大.

Shanghaiisbiggerthan____________intheUSA.21.杭州比中国任何城市都更美.Hangzhouismorebeautifulthan_____________inChina.anycityanyothercitymuchmoreslowly1.Thebreadis____thanthesecakesA.verydeliciousB.muchdeliciousC.moredeliciousD.asdelicious2.LinTaojumped____inthelongjumpintheschoolsportsmeetingA.farB.fartherC.farthestD.quitefar3.Whentheymetinthehotel.Theytalkedandlaughed______A.happilyB.happyC.happierD.happiestCCPracticeA4.Inourcityit’s____inJuly,butitiseven____inAugustA.hotterhottestB.hothotC.hotterhotD.hothotter5.HainanisaverylargeIsland.Itisthesecond______islandinchina.A.largeB.largerC.largestD.mostlargest6.Anelephantis____thanatiger.A.heavyB.veryheavyC.theheaviestD.heavierDCD7.Ahorseis______thanadog.A.muchheavyB.moreheavierC.muchheavierD.moreheavy8.Emmaalwaysmakesalotofmistakes.Sheis_____.A.careB.carefulC.carefullyD.careless9.Whichsubjectis_____,physicsorchemistry?A.interestingB.mostinterestingC.moreinterestingD.themostinterestingCDC10.Heis___enoughtocarrytheheavybox.

A.strongB.strongerC.muchstrongerD.thestrongest11.Lileioftentalks___butdoes___soeveryonesaysheisagoodboy.A.lessmoreB.fewmuchC.morelittleD.littlemany12.Whenthefamoussingerstartedtosing,everyonebegantoshoutvery___.A.loudlyB.loudC.heavilyD.highAAA1.(北京卷)23.This__________girlisLind’scousin.A.prettylittleSpanish